Java HttpClient 实战 GET 与 POST 请求一网打尽

在Java中，HttpClient是进行HTTP通信的一个强大工具。它提供了简单而灵活的API，可以轻松地发送HTTP请求并处理响应。在本篇博文中，我们将深入探讨如何使用HttpClient执行GET、POST等不同类型的HTTP请求。

1. 引入依赖

首先，确保在项目的pom.xml文件中引入HttpClient的依赖：

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
    <artifactId>httpclient</artifactId>
    <version>4.5.13</version>
</dependency>

2. 执行GET请求

让我们从一个简单的GET请求开始。假设我们要获取 https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/todos/1 这个API的数据。

import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClientBuilder;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;

public class GetExample {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            // 创建HttpClient实例
            HttpClient httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().build();

            // 创建GET请求
            HttpGet request = new HttpGet("https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/todos/1");

            // 发送请求并获取响应
            HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(request);

            // 读取响应内容
            BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(response.getEntity().getContent()));
            String line;
            StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder();
            while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
                result.append(line);
            }

            // 打印响应内容
            System.out.println("Response: " + result.toString());
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

这段代码创建了一个HttpClient实例，然后使用HttpGet构建了一个GET请求，并发送请求获取响应。响应的内容通过BufferedReader逐行读取并打印出来。

3. 执行POST请求

接下来，让我们看看如何执行一个简单的POST请求。假设我们要向 https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/posts 发送一个包含JSON数据的POST请求。

import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClientBuilder;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;

public class GetExample {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            // 创建HttpClient实例
            HttpClient httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().build();

            // 创建GET请求
            HttpGet request = new HttpGet("https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/todos/1");

            // 发送请求并获取响应
            HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(request);

            // 读取响应内容
            BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(response.getEntity().getContent()));
            String line;
            StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder();
            while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
                result.append(line);
            }

            // 打印响应内容
            System.out.println("Response: " + result.toString());
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

这段代码使用HttpPost构建了一个POST请求，并通过StringEntity设置了请求体的内容。同样，发送请求并获取响应后，通过BufferedReader读取响应内容并打印出来。

结语

通过本文，我们深入了解了如何使用Java的HttpClient库执行GET和POST请求。这只是HttpClient功能的冰山一角，你可以根据实际需求使用更多功能，例如处理响应状态、处理重定向、设置超时等。

希望这篇博文能帮助你更好地利用Java进行HTTP通信。如果有任何问题或建议，请随时留言。Happy coding!

以下重新加工后的demo：

package com.example.utils;

import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URISyntaxException;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;

public class GetAPIDataDemo {

    public static String getRequest(String param) throws IOException, URISyntaxException {

        CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClients.createDefault();

        // 构建带参数的URL
        //HttpGet request = new HttpGet(https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/todos/1" + param );
        HttpGet request = new HttpGet("https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/todos/1");

        // 执行请求
        CloseableHttpResponse response = client.execute(request);

        // 获取响应实体
        String result = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity());
        response.close();
        // 打印响应内容
        return result;
    }

    public static String postRequest(String json) throws IOException {
        CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClients.createDefault();
        HttpPost request = new HttpPost("https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/posts");
        request.setHeader("Content-Type", "application/json");
        request.setEntity(new StringEntity(json));
        CloseableHttpResponse response = client.execute(request);
        // 获取响应实体
        String result = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity());
        response.close();
        return result;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            // GET 请求示例
            // 参数Map
            Map<String, String> params = new HashMap<>();
            params.put("param1", "value1");
            params.put("param2", "value2");

            //String getResponse = getRequest("?" + getQueryString(params));
            //System.out.println("GET Response: " + getResponse);

            // POST 请求示例
            String postResponse = postRequest("{\"title\":\"foo\",\"body\":\"bar\",\"userId\":1}");

            // 将JSON字符串转换为Map
            Map<String, Object> map = new ObjectMapper().readValue(postResponse, Map.class);
            System.out.println("POST Response: " + map);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    private static String getQueryString(Map<String, String> params) {
        StringBuilder queryString = new StringBuilder();
        for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : params.entrySet()) {
            queryString.append(entry.getKey()).append("=")
                .append(entry.getValue()).append("&");
        }
        String result = queryString.toString();
        return result.length() > 0 ? result.substring(0, result.length() - 1) : result;
    }

}