Windows下文件系统的遍历

本文讲述了如何实现Windows下文件系统的遍历。

代码如下：

1、头文件

#ifndef FOLDERANALYZER_H_H_ #define FOLDERANALYZER_H_H_ #ifndef FOLDERANALYZER_IMPORTS #define FOLDERANALYZER_API __declspec(dllexport) #else #define FOLDERANALYZER_API __declspec(dllimport) #endif #pragma once #define FILTER_LENGTH 256 typedef struct FOLDERANALYZER_API tagPATHNODE { tagPATHNODE(){ pChild = NULL; pBrotherNext = NULL; pBrotherPre = NULL; pFather = NULL; strType = _T(""); strPath = _T(""); strFileName = _T("");} struct tagPATHNODE* pChild; struct tagPATHNODE* pBrotherNext; struct tagPATHNODE* pBrotherPre; struct tagPATHNODE* pFather; CString strType; CString strPath; CString strFileName; }PATHNODE, *LPPATHNODE; class FOLDERANALYZER_API CFolderAnalyzer { public: CFolderAnalyzer(void); ~CFolderAnalyzer(void); public: // 递归生成文件信息树 static BOOL CreatePathTree(LPPATHNODE pPathNode, BOOL bDeepSearch = FALSE, const TCHAR szFilter[FILTER_LENGTH] = _T("*")); static CString SearchExist(CString strFileName, CString strFilter); static CString GetFilter(CString strFileName); static CString GetFileName(CString strFileName); static void ReleaseMemory(LPPATHNODE pPathNode); }; #endif

2、实现代码

#include "StdAfx.h" #include "./folderanalyzer.h" CFolderAnalyzer::CFolderAnalyzer(void) { } CFolderAnalyzer::~CFolderAnalyzer(void) { } BOOL CFolderAnalyzer::CreatePathTree(LPPATHNODE pPathNode, BOOL bDeepSearch, const TCHAR szFilter[]) { WIN32_FIND_DATA FindFileData; HANDLE hFind; CString strPath = pPathNode->strPath; if (pPathNode->strPath.GetAt(pPathNode->strPath.GetLength() - 1) == CString(_T("//"))) //解决根目录为驱动器时路径多一反斜杠的问题 strPath = pPathNode->strPath.Mid(0, pPathNode->strPath.GetLength() - 1); CString strFileName = strPath + _T("//*"); LPPATHNODE pPathNodeTemp; LPPATHNODE pPathNodeIter = pPathNode; BOOL bFirst = TRUE; hFind = FindFirstFile(strFileName, &FindFileData); BOOL bFind = hFind ? TRUE : FALSE; while (bFind) { if (FindFileData.dwFileAttributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY) { if (_tcscmp(FindFileData.cFileName, _T(".")) && _tcscmp(FindFileData.cFileName, _T(".."))) { pPathNodeTemp = new PATHNODE; pPathNodeTemp->strType = _T(".."); pPathNodeTemp->strFileName = _T(""); pPathNodeTemp->strPath = strPath + _T("//") + FindFileData.cFileName; pPathNodeTemp->pBrotherNext = NULL; pPathNodeTemp->pChild = NULL; if (bFirst) { pPathNodeIter->pChild = pPathNodeTemp; pPathNodeTemp->pFather = pPathNodeIter; pPathNodeTemp->pBrotherPre = NULL; pPathNodeIter = pPathNodeTemp; bFirst = FALSE; } else { pPathNodeIter->pBrotherNext = pPathNodeTemp; pPathNodeTemp->pBrotherPre = pPathNodeIter; pPathNodeTemp->pFather = pPathNodeIter->pFather; pPathNodeIter = pPathNodeTemp; } pPathNodeTemp = NULL; if (bDeepSearch) if (!CreatePathTree(pPathNodeIter, bDeepSearch, szFilter)) return FALSE; } } else { CString strFileName = FindFileData.cFileName; CString strType; if (_tcscmp(_T("*"), szFilter)) { strType = SearchExist(strFileName, szFilter); } else { strType = GetFilter(strFileName); } if (strType != _T("")) { pPathNodeTemp = new PATHNODE; pPathNodeTemp->strType = strType; pPathNodeTemp->strFileName = GetFileName(strFileName); pPathNodeTemp->strPath = strPath; pPathNodeTemp->pChild = NULL; pPathNodeTemp->pBrotherNext = NULL; if (bFirst) { pPathNodeIter->pChild = pPathNodeTemp; pPathNodeTemp->pFather = pPathNodeIter; pPathNodeTemp->pBrotherPre = NULL; pPathNodeIter = pPathNodeTemp; bFirst = FALSE; } else { pPathNodeIter->pBrotherNext = pPathNodeTemp; pPathNodeTemp->pFather = pPathNodeIter->pFather; pPathNodeTemp->pBrotherPre = pPathNodeIter; pPathNodeIter = pPathNodeTemp; } } } bFind = FindNextFile(hFind, &FindFileData); } return TRUE; } CString CFolderAnalyzer::SearchExist(CString strFileName, CString strFilter) { int nLength = strFileName.GetLength(); for (int i = 0; ; i++) { CString strSub; if (!::AfxExtractSubString(strSub, strFilter, i, _T('/n'))) return CString(_T("")); CString strFileNameUpper = strFileName; CString strSubUpper = strSub; if (GetFilter(strFileNameUpper.MakeUpper()) == strSubUpper.MakeUpper()) return GetFilter(strFileName); } } CString CFolderAnalyzer::GetFilter(CString strFileName) { int nLength = strFileName.GetLength(); for (int i = nLength - 1; i; i--) { if (strFileName.GetAt(i) == _T('.')) return strFileName.Mid(i+1); } return CString(_T(".")); } CString CFolderAnalyzer::GetFileName(CString strFileName) { int nLength = strFileName.GetLength(); for (int i = nLength; i; i--) { if (strFileName[i] == _T('.')) return strFileName.Mid(0, i); } return strFileName; } void CFolderAnalyzer::ReleaseMemory(LPPATHNODE pPathNode) { if (!pPathNode) return; if (pPathNode->pChild) ReleaseMemory(pPathNode->pChild); if (pPathNode->pBrotherNext) ReleaseMemory(pPathNode->pBrotherNext); if (pPathNode) delete pPathNode; pPathNode = NULL; }

 

 

说明：

1、数据结构PATHNODE为存储文件信息的节点，其中pFather为指向父节点的指针, pChild为指向子节点的指针, pBrotherNext为指向下一个兄弟节点的指针, pBrotherPre为指向前一兄弟节点的指针，strPath为文件或文件夹的路径, strFileName为文件的名字(无扩展名), 如果是文件夹, 该成员为空, strType为文件的扩展名, 如果文件没有扩展名, 该成员为".", 如果为文件夹, 该成员为".."。

2、所有函数均设为静态成员，以保证在不生成相应对象的情况下调用这些函数。

3、BOOL CFolderAnalyzer::CreatePathTree(LPPATHNODE pPathNode, BOOL bDeepSearch, const TCHAR szFilter[])

该函数通过迭代生成一个指定文件夹下的文件系统树，其中pPathNode为指定的根节点指针，使用时先准备好一个PATHNODE变量，设置其相应参数，用其指针带入函数，函数返回后，它就是文件系统树的根节点，可以通过它遍历整个系统；bDeepSearch制定是指在制定文件夹下搜索一层，还是深入的搜索每一个子文件夹；szFilter指定筛选的文件类型，字符串的格式为"filter1/nfilter2/nfilter3"，即把要筛选的扩展名用"/n"隔开。

4、CString CFolderAnalyzer::SearchExist(CString strFileName, CString strFilter)

判断文件类型是否满足制定的筛选条件，如果满足则返回相应扩展名，不满足，返回空字符串。

值得一提的是其中用到的一个函数BOOL AFXAPI AfxExtractSubString ( CString& rString, LPCTSTR lpszFullString, int iSubString, TCHAR chSep = '/n')，它的作用是从strFilter的字符串中截取出每个扩展名，具体说明可以参考http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa991543(VS.80).aspx#Mtps_DropDownFilterText。单机版的MSDN好像没有这个函数(至少我的2003没有:-))。

5、CString CFolderAnalyzer::GetFilter(CString strFileName)

比较简单，作用是获得某个文件名的扩展名。

6、CString CFolderAnalyzer::GetFileName(CString strFileName)

同样比较简单，作用是去出某个文件名的扩展名。

7、void CFolderAnalyzer::ReleaseMemory(LPPATHNODE pPathNode)

释放制定节点及其子节点的内存。

 

使用实例：

#define FOLDERANALYZER_IMPORTS #include "FolderAnalyzer.h" //根路径 #define PATH_ROOT _T("C:/") //要筛选的文件类型，这里我搜索所有的C/C++源文件 #define FILTER _T("c/ncpp/nh/nhpp/ncc/ncxx") int main() { LPPATHNODE pPathNodeRoot = new PATHNODE; //初始化根节点 pPathNodeRoot->pBrotherNext = NULL; pPathNodeRoot->pBrotherPre = NULL; pPathNodeRoot->pChild = NULL; pPathNodeRoot->pFather = NULL; pPathNodeRoot->strFileName = _T(""); pPathNodeRoot->strPath = PATH_ROOT; pPathNodeRoot->strType = _T(".."); //生成文件系统树 CFolderAnalyzer::CreatePathTree(pPathNodeRoot, TRUE, FILTER); //下面就可以通过pPathNodeRoot遍历整个PATH_ROOT下的所有指定类型的文件了，但注意要记得保存pPathNodeRoot //的指针，因为释放内存或者再次遍历时还需要它 //释放内存 CFolderAnalyzer::ReleaseMemory(pPathNodeRoot); return 0; }