【C语言复习】常用排序算法【重要】

1.排序算法

1.1冒泡排序

void bubble_sort(int arr[], int len) {
    int temp;
    for (int i = 0; i < len - 1; i++)
        for (int j = 0; j < len - 1 - i; j++)
            if (arr[j] > arr[j + 1]) {
                temp = arr[j];
                arr[j] = arr[j + 1];
                arr[j + 1] = temp;
            }
}

1.2选择排序

void selection_sort(int a[], int len) 
{
    int i,j,temp;
 
    for (i = 0 ; i < len - 1 ; i++) 
    {
        int min = i;                  // 记录最小值，第一个元素默认最小
        for (j = i + 1; j < len; j++)     // 访问未排序的元素
        {
            if (a[j] < a[min])    // 找到目前最小值
            {
                min = j;    // 记录最小值
            }
        }
        if(min != i)
            swap(a[min], a[i]); //内置交换函数
    }
}

1.3插入排序

void insertion_sort(int arr[], int len){
    int i,j,temp;
    for (i=1;i<len;i++){
            temp = arr[i];
            for (j=i;j>0 && arr[j-1]>temp;j--)
                    arr[j] = arr[j-1];
            arr[j] = temp;
    }
}

1.4希尔排序

void shell_sort(int arr[], int len) {
    int gap, i, j;
    int temp;
    for (gap = len >> 1; gap > 0; gap = gap >> 1)
        for (i = gap; i < len; i++) {
            temp = arr[i];
            for (j = i - gap; j >= 0 && arr[j] > temp; j -= gap)
                arr[j + gap] = arr[j];
            arr[j + gap] = temp;
        }
}

1.5归并排序

void merge_sort_recursive(int arr[], int reg[], int start, int end) {
    if (start >= end)
        return;
    int len = end - start, mid = (len >> 1) + start;
    int start1 = start, end1 = mid;
    int start2 = mid + 1, end2 = end;
    //递归分割处理数组
    merge_sort_recursive(arr, reg, start1, end1);
    merge_sort_recursive(arr, reg, start2, end2);
    int k = start;
    while (start1 <= end1 && start2 <= end2)
        reg[k++] = arr[start1] < arr[start2] ? arr[start1++] : arr[start2++];
    while (start1 <= end1)
        reg[k++] = arr[start1++];
    while (start2 <= end2)
        reg[k++] = arr[start2++];
    for (k = start; k <= end; k++)
        arr[k] = reg[k];
}
void merge_sort(int arr[], const int len) {
    int reg[len];
    merge_sort_recursive(arr, reg, 0, len - 1);
}

1.6快速排序

void quick_sort_recursive(int arr[], int start, int end) {
    if (start >= end)
        return;
    int mid = arr[end];
    int left = start, right = end - 1;
    while (left < right) {
        while (arr[left] < mid && left < right)
            left++;
        while (arr[right] >= mid && left < right)
            right--;
        swap(arr[left], arr[right]);
    }
    if (arr[left] >= arr[end])
        swap(arr[left], arr[end]);
    else
        left++;
    if (left)
        quick_sort_recursive(arr, start, left - 1);
    quick_sort_recursive(arr, left + 1, end);
}
void quick_sort(int arr[], int len) {
    quick_sort_recursive(arr, 0, len - 1);
}