Boost C++ Libraries
...one of the most highly regarded and expertly designed C++ library projects in the world.
— Herb Sutter and Andrei Alexandrescu , C++ Coding Standards
You can just allocate a portion of a shared memory segment, copy the message to that buffer, send the offset of that portion of shared memory to another process, and you are done. Let's see the example:
#include < boost / interprocess / managed_shared_memory . hpp >
int main ()
{
using namespace boost :: interprocess ;
//A special shared memory from which we are
//able to allocate raw memory buffers.
//First remove any old shared memory of the same name, create
//the shared memory segment and initialize needed resources
shared_memory_object :: remove ( "MySharedMemory" );
try {
managed_shared_memory segment
( create_only ,
"MySharedMemory" , //segment name
65536 ); //segment size in bytes
//Allocate a portion of the segment
void * shptr = segment . allocate ( 1024 /*bytes to allocate*/ );
//An handle from the base address can identify any byte of the shared
//memory segment even if it is mapped in different base addresses
managed_shared_memory :: handle_t handle = segment . get_handle_from_address ( shptr );
( void ) handle ;
// Copy message to buffer
// . . .
// Send handle to other process
// . . .
// Wait response from other process
// . . .
//Deallocate the portion previously allocated
segment . deallocate ( shptr );
}
catch (...){
shared_memory_object :: remove ( "MySharedMemory" );
throw ;
}
shared_memory_object :: remove ( "MySharedMemory" );
return 0 ;
}
In receiver process one just could write the following lines:
#include < boost / interprocess / managed_shared_memory . hpp >
int main ()
{
using namespace boost :: interprocess ;
try {
//A special shared memory from which we are
//able to allocate raw memory buffers.
//Connect to the already created shared memory segment
//and initialize needed resources
managed_shared_memory segment ( open_only , "MySharedMemory" ); //segment name
//An handle from the base address can identify any byte of the shared
//memory segment even if it is mapped in different base addresses
managed_shared_memory :: handle_t handle = 0 ;
//Wait handle msg from the other process and put it in
//"handle" local variable
//Get buffer local address from handle
void * msg = segment . get_address_from_handle ( handle );
( void ) msg ;
//Do anything with msg
//. . .
//Send ack to sender process
}
catch (...){
shared_memory_object :: remove ( "MySharedMemory" );
throw ;
}
shared_memory_object :: remove ( "MySharedMemory" );
return 0 ;
}
You want to create objects in a shared memory segment, giving a string name to them so that any other process can find, use and delete them from the segment when the objects are not needed anymore. Just write in one process:
#include < boost / interprocess / managed_shared_memory . hpp >
#include < utility >
int main ()
{
using namespace boost :: interprocess ;
typedef std :: pair < double , int > MyType ;
try {
//A special shared memory where we can
//construct objects associated with a name.
//First remove any old shared memory of the same name, create
//the shared memory segment and initialize needed resources
shared_memory_object :: remove ( "MySharedMemory" );
managed_shared_memory segment
//create segment name segment size
( create_only , "MySharedMemory" , 65536 );
//Create an object of MyType initialized to {0.0, 0}
MyType * instance = segment . construct < MyType >
( "MyType instance" ) //name of the object
( 0.0 , 0 ); //ctor first argument
//Create an array of 10 elements of MyType initialized to {0.0, 0}
MyType * array = segment . construct < MyType >
( "MyType array" ) //name of the object
[ 10 ] //number of elements
( 0.0 , 0 ); //Same two ctor arguments for all objects
//Create an array of 3 elements of MyType initializing each one
//to a different value {0.0, 0}, {1.0, 1}, {2.0, 2}...
float float_initializer [ 3 ] = { 0.0 , 1.0 , 2.0 };
int int_initializer [ 3 ] = { 0 , 1 , 2 };
MyType * array_it = segment . construct_it < MyType >
( "MyType array from it" ) //name of the object
[ 3 ] //number of elements
( & float_initializer [ 0 ] //Iterator for the 1st ctor argument
, & int_initializer [ 0 ]); //Iterator for the 2nd ctor argument
}
catch (...){
shared_memory_object :: remove ( "MySharedMemory" );
throw ;
}
shared_memory_object :: remove ( "MySharedMemory" );
return 0 ;
}
In other process execute the following:
#include < boost / interprocess / managed_shared_memory . hpp >
#include < cstddef >
#include < utility >
#include < cassert >
int main ()
{
using namespace boost :: interprocess ;
typedef std :: pair < double , int > MyType ;
try {
//A special shared memory where we can
//construct objects associated with a name.
//Connect to the already created shared memory segment
//and initialize needed resources
managed_shared_memory segment ( open_only , "MySharedMemory" );
std :: pair < MyType *, std :: size_t > res ;
//Find the array
res = segment . find < MyType > ( "MyType array" );
//Length should be 10
assert ( res . second == 10 );
//Find the object
res = segment . find < MyType > ( "MyType instance" );
//Length should be 1
assert ( res . second == 1 );
//Find the array constructed from iterators
res = segment . find < MyType > ( "MyType array from it" );
//Length should be 3
assert ( res . second == 3 );
//Use data
// . . .
//We're done, delete all the objects
segment . destroy < MyType >( "MyType array" );
segment . destroy < MyType >( "MyType instance" );
segment . destroy < MyType >( "MyType array from it" );
}
catch (...){
shared_memory_object :: remove ( "MySharedMemory" );
throw ;
}
shared_memory_object :: remove ( "MySharedMemory" );
return 0 ;
}
Boost.Interprocess offers offset_ptr smart pointer family as an offset pointer that stores the distance between the address of the offset pointer itself and the address of the pointed object. When offset_ptr is placed in a shared memory segment, it can point safely objects stored in the same shared memory segment, even if the segment is mapped in different base addresses in different processes.
This allows placing objects with pointer members in shared memory. For example, if we want to create a linked list in shared memory:
#include < boost / interprocess / managed_shared_memory . hpp >
#include < boost / interprocess / offset_ptr . hpp >
using namespace boost :: interprocess ;
//Shared memory linked list node
struct list_node
{
offset_ptr < list_node > next ;
int value ;
};
int main ()
{
//Destroy any previous shared memory with the name to be used.
//Create a special shared memory from which we can
//allocate buffers of raw memory.
shared_memory_object :: remove ( "MySharedMemory" );
try {
managed_shared_memory segment (
create_only ,
"MySharedMemory" , //segment name
65536 ); //segment size in bytes
//Create linked list with 10 nodes in shared memory
offset_ptr < list_node > prev = 0 , current , first ;
int i ;
for ( i = 0 ; i < 10 ; ++ i , prev = current ){
current = static_cast < list_node *>( segment . allocate ( sizeof ( list_node )));
current -> value = i ;
current -> next = 0 ;
if (! prev )
first = current ;
else
prev -> next = current ;
}
//Communicate list to other processes
//. . .
//When done, destroy list
for ( current = first ; current ; /**/ ){
prev = current ;
current = current -> next ;
segment . deallocate ( prev . get ());
}
}
catch (...){
shared_memory_object :: remove ( "MySharedMemory" );
throw ;
}
shared_memory_object :: remove ( "MySharedMemory" );
return 0 ;
}
To help with basic data structures, Boost.Interprocess offers containers like vector, list, map, so you can avoid these manual data structures just like with standard containers.
Boost.Interprocess allows creating complex objects in shared memory and memory mapped files. For example, we can construct STL-like containers in shared memory. To do this, we just need to create a special (managed) shared memory segment, declare a Boost.Interprocess allocator and construct the vector in shared memory just if it was any other object. Just execute this first process:
#include < boost / interprocess / managed_shared_memory . hpp >
#include < boost / interprocess / containers / vector . hpp >
#include < boost / interprocess / allocators / allocator . hpp >
int main ()
{
using namespace boost :: interprocess ;
try {
//Shared memory front-end that is able to construct objects
//associated with a c-string. Erase previous shared memory with the name
//to be used and create the memory segment at the specified address and initialize resources
shared_memory_object :: remove ( "MySharedMemory" );
managed_shared_memory segment
( create_only
, "MySharedMemory" //segment name
, 65536 ); //segment size in bytes
//Alias an STL compatible allocator of ints that allocates ints from the managed
//shared memory segment. This allocator will allow to place containers
//in managed shared memory segments
typedef allocator < int , managed_shared_memory :: segment_manager >
ShmemAllocator ;
//Alias a vector that uses the previous STL-like allocator
typedef vector < int , ShmemAllocator > MyVector ;
//Initialize shared memory STL-compatible allocator
const ShmemAllocator alloc_inst ( segment . get_segment_manager ());
//Construct a shared memory
MyVector * myvector =
segment . construct < MyVector >( "MyVector" ) //object name
( alloc_inst );// first ctor parameter
//Insert data in the vector
for ( int i = 0 ; i < 100 ; ++ i ){
myvector -> push_back ( i );
}
}
catch (...){
shared_memory_object :: remove ( "MySharedMemory" );
throw ;
}
shared_memory_object :: remove ( "MySharedMemory" );
return 0 ;
}
After this process is executed we can search the constructed vector and use it with STL algorithms:
#include < boost / interprocess / managed_shared_memory . hpp >
#include < boost / interprocess / containers / vector . hpp >
#include < boost / interprocess / allocators / allocator . hpp >
#include < algorithm >
int main ()
{
using namespace boost :: interprocess ;
try {
//A special shared memory where we can
//construct objects associated with a name.
//Connect to the already created shared memory segment
//and initialize needed resources
managed_shared_memory segment
( open_only
, "MySharedMemory" ); //segment name
//Alias an STL compatible allocator of ints that allocates ints from the managed
//shared memory segment. This allocator will allow to place containers
//in managed shared memory segments
typedef allocator < int , managed_shared_memory :: segment_manager >
ShmemAllocator ;
//Alias a vector that uses the previous STL-like allocator
typedef vector < int , ShmemAllocator > MyVector ;
//Find the vector using the c-string name
MyVector * myvector = segment . find < MyVector >( "MyVector" ). first ;
//Use vector in reverse order
std :: sort ( myvector -> rbegin (), myvector -> rend ());
// . . .
//When done, destroy the vector from the segment
segment . destroy < MyVector >( "MyVector" );
}
catch (...){
shared_memory_object :: remove ( "MySharedMemory" );
throw ;
}
shared_memory_object :: remove ( "MySharedMemory" );
return 0 ;
}
Just like a vector, Boost.Interprocess allows creating maps in shared memory and memory mapped files. The only difference is that like standard associative containers, Boost.Interprocess 's map needs also the comparison functor when an allocator is passed in the constructor:
#include < boost / interprocess / managed_shared_memory . hpp >
#include < boost / interprocess / containers / map . hpp >
#include < boost / interprocess / allocators / allocator . hpp >
#include < functional >
#include < utility >
int main ()
{
using namespace boost :: interprocess ;
//Shared memory front-end that is able to construct objects
//associated with a c-string. Erase previous shared memory with the name
//to be used and create the memory segment at the specified address and initialize resources
shared_memory_object :: remove ( "MySharedMemory" );
try {
managed_shared_memory segment
( create_only
, "MySharedMemory" //segment name
, 65536 ); //segment size in bytes
//Note that map<Key, MappedType>'s value_type is std::pair<const Key, MappedType>,
//so the allocator must allocate that pair.
typedef int KeyType ;
typedef float MappedType ;
typedef std :: pair < const int , float > ValueType ;
//Alias an STL compatible allocator of for the map.
//This allocator will allow to place containers
//in managed shared memory segments
typedef allocator < ValueType , managed_shared_memory :: segment_manager >
ShmemAllocator ;
//Alias a map of ints that uses the previous STL-like allocator.
//Note that the third parameter argument is the ordering function
//of the map, just like with std::map, used to compare the keys.
typedef map < KeyType , MappedType , std :: less < KeyType >, ShmemAllocator > MyMap ;
//Initialize the shared memory STL-compatible allocator
ShmemAllocator alloc_inst ( segment . get_segment_manager ());
//Construct a shared memory map.
//Note that the first parameter is the comparison function,
//and the second one the allocator.
//This the same signature as std::map's constructor taking an allocator
MyMap * mymap =
segment . construct < MyMap >( "MyMap" ) //object name
( std :: less < int >() //first ctor parameter
, alloc_inst ); //second ctor parameter
//Insert data in the map
for ( int i = 0 ; i < 100 ; ++ i ){
mymap -> insert ( std :: pair < const int , float >( i , ( float ) i ));
}
}
catch (...){
shared_memory_object :: remove ( "MySharedMemory" );
throw ;
}
shared_memory_object :: remove ( "MySharedMemory" );
return 0 ;
}
For a more advanced example including containers of containers, see the section Containers of containers .
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