跟连乐一起学Scala-数组

数组

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定长数组

val nums = new Array[Int](10)    //10个整数的数组，所有元素初始化为0

val strs = new Array[String](20)  //20个字符串数组，所有元素初始化为null

val hello = Array("Hello", "word")  //不用new也可以推断出来

print(hello(0))   //打印"hello"

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变长数组

ArrayBuffer

import scala.collection.mutable.ArrayBuffer

val buffer = ArrayBuffer[Int]()

buffer += 1   //ArrayBuffer(1)

buffer += (2,4,7,88)  //ArrayBuffer(1,2,4,7,88)

buffer ++= Array(78,98,46)   //ArrayBuffer(1,2,4,7,88,78,98,46)

操作数组：

buffer.insert(2,5)  
//在下标2之前插入：
//ArrayBuffer(1,2,5,4,7,88,78,98,46)

buffer.insert(2,7,8,9)
//同上
//ArrayBuffer(1,2,7,8,9,5,4,7,88,78,98,46)

buffer.remove(2)
//移除下标对应的值
//ArrayBuffer(1,2,8,9,5,4,7,88,78,98,46)

buffer.remove(2,3)
//从第二个参数开始（包含第二个元素）移除多少个元素
//ArrayBuffer(1,2,4,7,88,78,98,46)

val array = buffer.toArray
//转换为数组：Array(1,2,4,7,88,78,98,46)

val b = array.toBuffer
//转换为Buffer数组缓冲

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遍历数组和数组缓冲

遍历取值一般是从0到数组长度-1，一般用util

for (i <- 0 until a.length)
    print(i + ": " + a(i))

遍历的小技巧1：如果想要每两个元素一跳，则可以

0 until (a.length, 2)
//等价于：Range(0, 2, 4, 6...a.length - 1)

遍历的小技巧2：如果想要从尾端开始遍历：

(0 until a.length).reverse
//等价于：Range(a.length-1, a.length -2... 2, 1, 0)

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数组转换

for (...) yield循环会创建一个类型和原始集合相同的新集合。

val a = Array(2, 3, 5, 7, 11)
val b = for (ele <- a) yield 2 * ele
//b 是：Array(4, 6, 10, 14, 22)

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常用算法

1.数组求和：

Array(1, 7, 2, 9).sum  //19

2.min和max

Array(4, 6, 1, 9, 23).max  //23
Array(4, 6, 1, 9, 23).min  //1

3.排序：

val b = ArrayBuffer(1,7,2,9)
val bSort = b.sorted //b并没有被改变；bSort是Array(1,2,7,9)

4.显示数组或者数组缓冲内容，使用mkString

b.mkString(" and ")
//"1 and 7 and 2 and 9"

b.mkString("<", ",", ">")
//"<1,7,2,9>"

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多维数组

两种方式：
1.

Array[Array[Double]]

2.

val matrix = Array.ofDim[Double](3, 4) //3行4列

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与Java的相互操作

由于Scala数组是用Java数组实现的，你可以在Java和Scala中来回传递。

import scala.collection.JavaConversions.bufferAsJavaList
import scala.collection.mutable.ArrayBuffer

val command = ArrayBuffer("ls", "-al", "/home/lianle")
val pb = new ProcessBuilder(command) //Scala到Java的转换

import scala.collection.JavaConversions.asScalaBuffer
import scala.collection.mutable.Buffer

val cmd: Buffer[String] = pb.command() //Java到Scala的转换