数组
定长数组
val nums = new Array[Int](10) //10个整数的数组,所有元素初始化为0
val strs = new Array[String](20) //20个字符串数组,所有元素初始化为null
val hello = Array("Hello", "word") //不用new也可以推断出来
print(hello(0)) //打印"hello"
变长数组
ArrayBuffer
import scala.collection.mutable.ArrayBuffer
val buffer = ArrayBuffer[Int]()
buffer += 1 //ArrayBuffer(1)
buffer += (2,4,7,88) //ArrayBuffer(1,2,4,7,88)
buffer ++= Array(78,98,46) //ArrayBuffer(1,2,4,7,88,78,98,46)
操作数组:
buffer.insert(2,5)
//在下标2之前插入:
//ArrayBuffer(1,2,5,4,7,88,78,98,46)
buffer.insert(2,7,8,9)
//同上
//ArrayBuffer(1,2,7,8,9,5,4,7,88,78,98,46)
buffer.remove(2)
//移除下标对应的值
//ArrayBuffer(1,2,8,9,5,4,7,88,78,98,46)
buffer.remove(2,3)
//从第二个参数开始(包含第二个元素)移除多少个元素
//ArrayBuffer(1,2,4,7,88,78,98,46)
val array = buffer.toArray
//转换为数组:Array(1,2,4,7,88,78,98,46)
val b = array.toBuffer
//转换为Buffer数组缓冲
遍历数组和数组缓冲
遍历取值一般是从0到数组长度-1,一般用util
for (i <- 0 until a.length)
print(i + ": " + a(i))
遍历的小技巧1:如果想要每两个元素一跳,则可以
0 until (a.length, 2)
//等价于:Range(0, 2, 4, 6...a.length - 1)
遍历的小技巧2:如果想要从尾端开始遍历:
(0 until a.length).reverse
//等价于:Range(a.length-1, a.length -2... 2, 1, 0)
数组转换
for (...) yield循环会创建一个类型和原始集合相同的新集合。
val a = Array(2, 3, 5, 7, 11)
val b = for (ele <- a) yield 2 * ele
//b 是:Array(4, 6, 10, 14, 22)
常用算法
1.数组求和:
Array(1, 7, 2, 9).sum //19
2.min和max
Array(4, 6, 1, 9, 23).max //23
Array(4, 6, 1, 9, 23).min //1
3.排序:
val b = ArrayBuffer(1,7,2,9)
val bSort = b.sorted //b并没有被改变;bSort是Array(1,2,7,9)
4.显示数组或者数组缓冲内容,使用mkString
b.mkString(" and ")
//"1 and 7 and 2 and 9"
b.mkString("<", ",", ">")
//"<1,7,2,9>"
多维数组
两种方式:
1.
Array[Array[Double]]
2.
val matrix = Array.ofDim[Double](3, 4) //3行4列
与Java的相互操作
由于Scala数组是用Java数组实现的,你可以在Java和Scala中来回传递。
import scala.collection.JavaConversions.bufferAsJavaList
import scala.collection.mutable.ArrayBuffer
val command = ArrayBuffer("ls", "-al", "/home/lianle")
val pb = new ProcessBuilder(command) //Scala到Java的转换
import scala.collection.JavaConversions.asScalaBuffer
import scala.collection.mutable.Buffer
val cmd: Buffer[String] = pb.command() //Java到Scala的转换