Java常用类与枚举类

Java比较器

Java实现对象排序的方式

• 自然排序比较器：java.lang.Comparable
• 定制排序比较器：java.util.Comparator

自然排序比较器

import java.util.Arrays;

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Goods[] all = new Goods[4];
        all[0] = new Goods("《红楼梦》", 100);
        all[1] = new Goods("《西游记》", 80);
        all[2] = new Goods("《三国演义》", 140);
        all[3] = new Goods("《水浒传》", 120);
        Arrays.sort(all);
        // [Goods{name='《西游记》', price=80.0}, Goods{name='《红楼梦》', price=100.0}, Goods{name='《水浒传》', price=120.0}, Goods{name='《三国演义》', price=140.0}]
        System.out.println(Arrays.toString(all));
    }
}

class Goods implements Comparable {
    private String name;
    private double price;
    //按照价格，比较商品的大小
    @Override
    public int compareTo(Object o) {
        if(o instanceof Goods) {
            Goods other = (Goods) o;
            if (this.price > other.price) {
                return 1;
            } else if (this.price < other.price) {
                return -1;
            }
            return 0;
        }
        throw new RuntimeException("输入的数据类型不一致");
    }

    public Goods() {
    }

    public Goods(String name, double price) {
        this.name = name;
        this.price = price;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public double getPrice() {
        return price;
    }

    public void setPrice(double price) {
        this.price = price;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Goods{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", price=" + price +
                '}';
    }
}

定制排序比较器

import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Comparator;

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Goods[] all = new Goods[4];
        all[0] = new Goods("《红楼梦》", 100);
        all[1] = new Goods("《西游记》", 80);
        all[2] = new Goods("《三国演义》", 140);
        all[3] = new Goods("《水浒传》", 120);
        Arrays.sort(all, new Comparator() {
            @Override
            public int compare(Object o1, Object o2) {
                Goods g1 = (Goods) o1;
                Goods g2 = (Goods) o2;
                return Double.compare(g2.getPrice(),g1.getPrice());
            }
        });
        // [Goods{name='《三国演义》', price=140.0}, Goods{name='《水浒传》', price=120.0}, Goods{name='《红楼梦》', price=100.0}, Goods{name='《西游记》', price=80.0}]
        System.out.println(Arrays.toString(all));
    }
}

class Goods {
    private String name;
    private double price;

    public Goods() {
    }

    public Goods(String name, double price) {
        this.name = name;
        this.price = price;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public double getPrice() {
        return price;
    }

    public void setPrice(double price) {
        this.price = price;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Goods{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", price=" + price +
                '}';
    }
}

System类

String javaVersion = System.getProperty("java.version");
System.out.println("java的version:" + javaVersion);
String javaHome = System.getProperty("java.home");
System.out.println("java的home:" + javaHome);
String osName = System.getProperty("os.name");
System.out.println("os的name:" + osName);
String osVersion = System.getProperty("os.version");
System.out.println("os的version:" + osVersion);

Math类

BigInteger与BigDecimal

BigInteger

BigDecimal

BigInteger bi = new BigInteger("12433241123");
BigDecimal bd = new BigDecimal("12435.351");
BigDecimal bd2 = new BigDecimal("10");
System.out.println(bi);
// 1243.535
System.out.println(bd.divide(bd2, BigDecimal.ROUND_HALF_UP));
// 1243.535100000000000
System.out.println(bd.divide(bd2, 15, BigDecimal.ROUND_HALF_UP));

Java枚举类

使用枚举类的情况

枚举类的语法规则

• 枚举类的等价类

class Season{
    private final String SEASONNAME;//季节的名称
    private final String SEASONDESC;//季节的描述
    private Season(String seasonName,String seasonDesc){
        this.SEASONNAME = seasonName;
        this.SEASONDESC = seasonDesc;
    }
    public static final Season SPRING = new Season("春天", "春暖花开");
    public static final Season SUMMER = new Season("夏天", "夏日炎炎");
    public static final Season AUTUMN = new Season("秋天", "秋高气爽");
    public static final Season WINTER = new Season("冬天", "白雪皑皑");
}

1. 私有化类的构造器，保证不能在类的外部创建其对象
2. 在类的内部创建实例，声明为：public static final，说明创建的实例均为常量，且只加载一次（单例）
3. 成员属性，应该声明为 private final，并在构造器中初始化

• 定义枚举类

public enum SeasonEnum {
	// 等价于 public static final Season SPRING = new Season("春天", "春暖花开");
    SPRING("春天","春暖花开"),
    // 等价于 public static final Season SUMMER = new Season("夏天", "夏日炎炎");
    SUMMER("夏天","夏日炎炎"),
    // 等价于 public static final Season AUTUMN = new Season("秋天", "秋高气爽");
    AUTUMN("秋天","秋高气爽"),
    // 等价于 public static final Season WINTER = new Season("冬天", "白雪皑皑");
    WINTER("冬天","白雪皑皑");
    private final String seasonName;
    private final String seasonDesc;
    private SeasonEnum(String seasonName, String seasonDesc) {
        this.seasonName = seasonName;
        this.seasonDesc = seasonDesc;
    }
    public String getSeasonName() {
        return seasonName;
    }
    public String getSeasonDesc() {
        return seasonDesc;
    }
}

enum 关键字用于定义枚举类，使用 enum 定义的枚举类默认继承了 java.lang.Enum类，因此不能再继承其他类
若枚举类显式的定义了带参数的构造器, 则在列出枚举值时也必须对应的传入参数
枚举类的构造器只能使用 private 权限修饰符
必须在枚举类的第一行声明枚举类实例
枚举类的所有实例必须在枚举类中显式列出(, 分隔 ; 结尾)，列出的实例Java编译器会自动添加 public static final 修饰

• 在 switch 表达式中使用Enum定义的枚举类的对象作为表达式, case 子句可以直接使用枚举值的名字, 无需添加枚举类作为限定

switch (EnumTest.FIRST){
    case FIRST:
        System.out.println(EnumTest.FIRST);
        break;
    case THIRD:
        System.out.println(EnumTest.THIRD);
        break;
    case SECOND:
        System.out.println(EnumTest.SECOND);
        break;
}
enum EnumTest {
    FIRST("张三",1),
    SECOND("李四",2),
    THIRD("王五",3);
    private final String name;
    private final int level;

    private EnumTest(String name, int level) {
        this.name = name;
        this.level = level;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public int getLevel() {
        return level;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "EnumTest{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", level=" + level +
                '}';
    }
}

枚举类的常用方法

EnumTest first = EnumTest.valueOf("FIRST");
System.out.println(first);
for (EnumTest enumTest : EnumTest.values()) {
    System.out.println(enumTest);
}

实现接口的枚举类

enum EnumTest implements ImplByEnum{
    // 若需要每个枚举值在调用实现的接口方法呈现出不同的行为方式，则可以让每个枚举值分别来实现该方法
    FIRST("张三",1){
        @Override
        public void speakEnglish() {
            System.out.println("I'm ZhangSan");
        }
    },
    SECOND("李四",2) {
        @Override
        public void speakEnglish() {
            System.out.println("I'm LiSi");
        }
    },
    THIRD("王五",3) {
        @Override
        public void speakEnglish() {
            System.out.println("I'm WangWu");
        }
    };
    private final String name;
    private final int level;

    private EnumTest(String name, int level) {
        this.name = name;
        this.level = level;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public int getLevel() {
        return level;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "EnumTest{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", level=" + level +
                '}';
    }

//    @Override
//    public void speakEnglish() {
//        System.out.println("若每个枚举值在调用实现的接口方法呈现相同的行为方式，则只要统一实现该方法即可");
//    }
}

interface ImplByEnum{
    void speakEnglish();
}