哈夫曼编码C版1

#include <iostream.h>
#include <iomanip.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <malloc.h>
#include <stdio.h>

//typedef int TElemType;
const int UINT_MAX=1000;
char str[50];

typedef struct
{
int weight,K;
int parent,lchild,rchild;
}HTNode,* HuffmanTree;

typedef char **HuffmanCode;

//-----------全局变量-----------------------
HuffmanTree HT;
HuffmanCode HC;
int w[50],i,j,n;
char z[50];
int flag=0;
int numb=0;

// -----------------求赫夫曼编码-----------------------
struct cou{
char data;
int count;
}cou[50];

int min(HuffmanTree t,int i)
{ // 函数void select()调用
int j,flag;
int k=UINT_MAX; // 取k为不小于可能的值,即k为最大的权值1000
for(j=1;j<=i;j++)
if(t[j].weight<k&&t[j].parent==0)
k=t[j].weight,flag=j;
t[flag].parent=1;
return flag;
}

//--------------------slect函数----------------------
void select(HuffmanTree t,int i,int &s1,int &s2)
{ // s1为最小的两个值中序号小的那个
int j;
s1=min(t,i);
s2=min(t,i);
if(s1>s2)
{
j=s1;
s1=s2;
s2=j;
}
}
// --------------算法6.12--------------------------
void HuffmanCoding(HuffmanTree &HT,HuffmanCode &HC,int *w,int n)
{ // w存放n个字符的权值(均>0),构造赫夫曼树HT,并求出n个字符的赫夫曼编码HC
int m,i,s1,s2,start;
//unsigned c,f;
int c,f;
HuffmanTree p;
char *cd;
if(n<=1)
return;//检测结点数是否可以构成树
m=2*n-1;
HT=(HuffmanTree)malloc((m+1)*sizeof(HTNode)); // 0号单元未用
for(p=HT+1,i=1;i<=n;++i,++p,++w)
{
p->weight=*w;
p->parent=0;
p->lchild=0;
p->rchild=0;
}
for(;i<=m;++i,++p)
p->parent=0;
for(i=n+1;i<=m;++i) // 建赫夫曼树
{ // 在HT[1~i-1]中选择parent为0且weight最小的两个结点,其序号分别为s1和s2
select(HT,i-1,s1,s2);
HT[s1].parent=HT[s2].parent=i;
HT[i].lchild=s1;
HT[i].rchild=s2;
HT[i].weight=HT[s1].weight+HT[s2].weight;
}
// 从叶子到根逆向求每个字符的赫夫曼编码
HC=(HuffmanCode)malloc((n+1)*sizeof(char*));
// 分配n个字符编码的头指针向量([0]不用)
cd=(char*)malloc(n*sizeof(char)); // 分配求编码的工作空间
cd[n-1]='/0'; // 编码结束符
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
{ // 逐个字符求赫夫曼编码
start=n-1; // 编码结束符位置
for(c=i,f=HT[i].parent;f!=0;c=f,f=HT[f].parent)
// 从叶子到根逆向求编码
if(HT[f].lchild==c)
cd[--start]='0';
else
cd[--start]='1';
HC[i]=(char*)malloc((n-start)*sizeof(char));
// 为第i个字符编码分配空间
strcpy(HC[i],&cd[start]); // 从cd复制编码(串)到HC
}
free(cd); // 释放工作空间
}
//---------------------获取报文并写入文件---------------------------------
int InputCode()
{
//cout<<"请输入你想要编码的字符"<<endl;
FILE *tobetran;

if((tobetran=fopen("tobetran.txt","w"))==NULL)
{
cout<<"不能打开文件"<<endl;
return 0;
}
cout<<"请输入你想要编码的字符"<<endl;
gets(str);
fputs(str,tobetran);
cout<<"获取报文成功"<<endl;
fclose(tobetran);
return strlen(str);
}



//--------------初始化赫夫曼链表---------------------------------
void Initialization()
{ int a,k,flag,len;
a=0;
len=InputCode();
for(i=0;i<len;i++)
{k=0;flag=1;
cou[i-a].data=str[i];
cou[i-a].count=1;
while(i>k)
{
if(str[i]==str[k])
{
a++;
flag=0;
}
k++;
if(flag==0)
break;

}

if(flag)
{
for(j=i+1;j<len;j++)
{if(str[i]==str[j])
++cou[i-a].count;}
}

}
n=len-a;
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{ cout<<cou[i].data<<" ";
cout<<cou[i].count<<endl;
}
for(i=0;i<=n;i++)
{*(z+i)=cou[i].data;
*(w+i)=cou[i].count;
}

/* 原来未修改的初始化程序段:
flag=1;
int num;
int num2;
cout<<"下面初始化赫夫曼链表"<<endl<<"请输入结点的个数n：";
cin>>num;
n=num;
w=(int*)malloc(n*sizeof(int));
z=(char*)malloc(n*sizeof(char));
cout<<"/n请依次输入"<<n<<"个字符(字符型)："<<endl;
char base[2];
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
cout<<"第"<<i+1<<"个字符:"<<endl;
gets(base);
*(z+i)=*base;
}
for(i=0;i<=n-1;i++)
{
cout<<setw(6)<<*(z+i);
}
cout<<"/n请依次输入"<<n<<"个权值："<<endl;
for(i=0;i<=n-1;i++)
{
cout<<endl<<"第"<<i+1<<"个字符的权值:";
cin>>num2;
*(w+i)=num2;
}*/
HuffmanCoding(HT,HC,w,n);
//------------------------打印编码-------------------------------------------
cout<<"字符对应的编码为:"<<endl;
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
{
puts(HC[i]);
}
//--------------------------将赫夫曼编码写入文件------------------------
cout<<"下面将赫夫曼编码写入文件"<<endl<<"...................."<<endl;
FILE *htmTree;
char r[]={' ','/0'};
if((htmTree=fopen("htmTree.txt","w"))==NULL)
{
cout<<"can not open file"<<endl;
return;
}

fputs(z,htmTree);
for(i=0;i<n+1;i++)
{
fprintf(htmTree,"%6d",*(w+i));
fputs(r,htmTree);
}
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
{
fputs(HC[i],htmTree);
fputs(r,htmTree);
}
fclose(htmTree);
cout<<"已将字符与对应编码写入根目录下文件htmTree.txt中"<<endl<<endl;
}
//---------------------编码函数---------------------------------
void Encoding()
{
cout<<"下面对目录下文件tobetran.txt中的字符进行编码"<<endl;

FILE *tobetran,*codefile;

if((tobetran=fopen("tobetran.txt","rb"))==NULL)
{
cout<<"不能打开文件"<<endl;
}
if((codefile=fopen("codefile.txt","wb"))==NULL)
{
cout<<"不能打开文件"<<endl;
}
char *tran;
i=99;
tran=(char*)malloc(100*sizeof(char));
while(i==99)
{
if(fgets(tran,100,tobetran)==NULL)
{
cout<<"不能打开文件"<<endl;
break;
}
for(i=0;*(tran+i)!='/0';i++)
{
for(j=0;j<=n;j++)
{
if(*(z+j-1)==*(tran+i))
{
fputs(HC[j],codefile);
if(j>n)
{
cout<<"字符错误，无法编码!"<<endl;
break;
}
}
}
}
}
cout<<"编码工作完成"<<endl<<"编码写入目录下的codefile.txt中"<<endl<<endl;
fclose(tobetran);
fclose(codefile);
free(tran);
}
//-----------------译码函数---------------------------------
void Decoding()
{
cout<<"下面对根目录下文件codefile.txt中的字符进行译码"<<endl;
FILE *codef,*txtfile;
if((txtfile=fopen("txtfile.txt","w"))==NULL)
{
cout<<"不能打开文件"<<endl;
}
if ((codef=fopen("codefile.txt","r"))==NULL)
{
cout<<"不能打开文件"<<endl;
}
char *work,*work2,i2;
int i4=0,i,i3;
unsigned long length=10000;
work=(char*)malloc(length*sizeof(char));
fgets(work,length,codef);
work2=(char*)malloc(length*sizeof(char));
i3=2*n-1;
for(i=0;*(work+i-1)!='/0';i++)
{
i2=*(work+i);
if(HT[i3].lchild==0)
{
*(work2+i4)=*(z+i3-1);
i4++;
i3=2*n-1;
i--;
}
else if(i2=='0') i3=HT[i3].lchild;
else if(i2=='1') i3=HT[i3].rchild;
}
*(work2+i4)='/0';
fputs(work2,txtfile);
cout<<"译码完成"<<endl<<"内容写入根目录下的文件txtfile.txt中"<<endl<<endl;
free(work);
free(work2);
fclose(txtfile);
fclose(codef);
}
//-----------------------打印编码的函数----------------------
void Code_printing()
{
cout<<"下面打印根目录下文件CodePrin.txt中编码字符"<<endl;
FILE * CodePrin,* codefile;
if((CodePrin=fopen("CodePrin.txt","w"))==NULL)
{
cout<<"不能打开文件"<<endl;
return;
}
if((codefile=fopen("codefile.txt","r"))==NULL)
{
cout<<"不能打开文件"<<endl;
return;
}


char *work3;
work3=(char*)malloc(51*sizeof(char));
do
{
if(fgets(work3,51,codefile)==NULL)
{
cout<<"不能读取文件"<<endl;
break;
}
fputs(work3,CodePrin);
puts(work3);
}while(strlen(work3)==50);
free(work3);
cout<<"打印工作结束"<<endl<<endl;
fclose(CodePrin);
fclose(codefile);
}
//-------------------------------打印译码函数---------------------------------------------
void Code_printing1()
{
cout<<"下面打印根目录下文件txtfile.txt中译码字符"<<endl;
FILE * CodePrin1,* txtfile;
if((CodePrin1=fopen("CodePrin1.txt","w"))==NULL)
{
cout<<"不能打开文件"<<endl;
return;
}
if((txtfile=fopen("txtfile.txt","r"))==NULL)
{
cout<<"不能打开文件"<<endl;
return;
}
char *work5;
work5=(char*)malloc(51*sizeof(char));
do
{
if(fgets(work5,51,txtfile)==NULL)
{
cout<<"不能读取文件"<<endl;
break;
}
fputs(work5,CodePrin1);
puts(work5);
}while(strlen(work5)==50);
free(work5);
cout<<"打印工作结束"<<endl<<endl;
fclose(CodePrin1);
fclose(txtfile);
}
//------------------------打印赫夫曼树的函数-----------------------
void coprint(HuffmanTree start,HuffmanTree HT)
{
if(start!=HT)
{
FILE * TreePrint;

if((TreePrint=fopen("TreePrint.txt","a"))==NULL)
{cout<<"创建文件失败"<<endl;
return;
}
numb++;//该变量为已被声明为全局变量
coprint(HT+start->rchild,HT);
cout<<setw(5*numb)<<start->weight<<endl;

fprintf(TreePrint,"%d/n",start->weight);
coprint(HT+start->lchild,HT);
numb--;
fclose(TreePrint);
}
}
void Tree_printing(HuffmanTree HT,int w)
{
HuffmanTree p;
p=HT+w;
cout<<"下面打印赫夫曼树"<<endl;
coprint(p,HT);
cout<<"打印工作结束"<<endl;
}
//------------------------主函数------------------------------------
void main()
{
char choice;
while(choice!='q')
{ cout<<"/n******************************"<<endl;
cout<<" 欢迎使用赫夫曼编码解码系统"<<endl;
cout<<"******************************"<<endl;
cout<<"(1)要初始化赫夫曼链表请输入'i'"<<endl;
cout<<"(2)要编码请输入'e'"<<endl;
cout<<"(3)要译码请输入'd'"<<endl;
cout<<"(4)要打印编码请输入'p'"<<endl;
cout<<"(5)要打印赫夫曼树请输入't'"<<endl;
cout<<"(6)要打印译码请输入'y'"<<endl;
if(flag==0)cout<<"/n请先初始化赫夫曼链表,输入'i'"<<endl;
cin>>choice;
switch(choice)
{
case 'i':
Initialization();
break;
case 'e':
Encoding();
break;
case 'd':
Decoding();
break;
case 'p':
Code_printing();
break;
case 't':
Tree_printing(HT,2*n-1);
break;
case 'y':
Code_printing1();
break;
default:
cout<<"input error"<<endl;
}

}
free(z);
free(w);
free(HT);
}