C# XmlReader 处理XML文档

XmlReader 通过游标在文档中移动，当目标内容被找到时会把游标停在相应的位置。不是靠事件触发，而是依赖于开发人员通过制定功能来精确定位目标内容。

1.获取元素属性和数据

需要处理的xml文档：设置XML文件属性Copy to Output Directory的值为Copy If Newer，这会被复制到和应用程序相同的文件夹下，更容易定位。

<People xmlns="http://wrox.com/namespaces/BeginningXml/People">
  <Person bornDate="1874-11-30" diedDate="1965-01-24">
    <Name>Winston Churchill</Name>
    <Description>
      Winston Churchill was a mid 20th century British politician who
      became famous as Prime Minister during the Second World War.
    </Description>
  </Person>
  <Person bornDate="1917-11-19" diedDate="1984-10-31">
    <Name>Indira Gandhi</Name>
    <Description>
      Indira Gandhi was India's first female prime minister and was
      assassinated in 1984.
    </Description>
  </Person>
  <Person bornDate="1917-05-29" diedDate="1963-11-22">
    <Name>John F. Kennedy</Name>
    <Description>
      JFK, as he was affectionately known, was a United States president
      who was assassinated in Dallas, Texas.
    </Description>
  </Person>
</People>

获取元素和属性：（c#代码）

static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            string xmlUri = "People.xml";
            XmlReader reader = DisplayRootElement(xmlUri);        //显示文档的根元素,并返回当前根节点
            reader = DisplayPeopleWithDates(reader);              //基本导航功能的使用，并读取元素和属性中的值
            Console.ReadKey();
        }

        private static XmlReader DisplayRootElement(string uri)
        {
            XmlReader reader = XmlReader.Create(uri);             //使用XmlReader类中的静态工厂方法创建一个XmlReader
            reader.MoveToContent();                               //将reader对象的游标定位到文档的根元素上
            string rootElementName = reader.Name;
            Console.WriteLine("Root element name is: {0}", rootElementName);
            return reader;
        }

        private static XmlReader DisplayPeopleWithDates(XmlReader reader)
        {
            while (reader.Read())                               //Read()函数的作用是在XML文档内的元素箭移动
            {
                if(reader.NodeType==XmlNodeType.Element && reader.Name=="Person")
                {
                    DateTime bornDate = new DateTime();
                    DateTime diedDate = new DateTime();
                    var personName = string.Empty;
                   
                    while(reader.MoveToNextAttribute())
                    {
                        switch (reader.Name)
                        {
                            case "bornDate":
                                bornDate = reader.ReadContentAsDateTime();
                                break;
                            case "diedDate":
                                diedDate = reader.ReadContentAsDateTime();
                                break;
                        }
                    }

                    while (reader.Read())
                    {
                        if (reader.NodeType == XmlNodeType.Element && reader.Name == "Name")
                        {
                            personName = reader.ReadElementContentAsString();
                            break;
                        }
                    }

                    Console.WriteLine("{0} was born in {1} and died in {2}", personName,bornDate.ToShortDateString(),diedDate.ToShortDateString());
                }
            }
            return reader;
        }

执行结果如下：

2. 使用XmlSchemaSet根据XML Schema验证XML文档

添加XML Schema文档：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<xs:schema attributeFormDefault="unqualified" elementFormDefault="qualified" targetNamespace="http://wrox.com/namespaces/BeginningXml/People" xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">
  <xs:element name="People">
    <xs:complexType>
      <xs:sequence>
        <xs:element maxOccurs="unbounded" name="Person">
          <xs:complexType>
            <xs:sequence>
              <xs:element name="Name" type="xs:string" />
              <xs:element name="Description" type="xs:string" />
            </xs:sequence>
            <xs:attribute name="bornDate" type="xs:date" use="required" />
            <xs:attribute name="diedDate" type="xs:date" use="required" />
          </xs:complexType>
        </xs:element>
      </xs:sequence>
    </xs:complexType>
  </xs:element>
</xs:schema>

C#代码：

 static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            string xmlUri = "PeopleWithNamespace.xml";
            string targetNamespace = "http://wrox.com/namespaces/BeginningXml/People";
            string schemaUri = "PeopleWithNamespace.xsd";
            ValidateDocument(xmlUri, targetNamespace, schemaUri);
            Console.ReadKey();
        }

        private static void ValidateDocument(string uri, string targetNamespace, string schemaUri)
        {
            XmlSchemaSet schemaSet = new XmlSchemaSet();
            schemaSet.Add(targetNamespace, schemaUri);

            XmlReaderSettings setting = new XmlReaderSettings();
            setting.IgnoreComments = true;                               //忽略所有注释
            setting.ValidationType = ValidationType.Schema;
            setting.Schemas = schemaSet;
            setting.ValidationEventHandler += ValidationCallbace;        //验证错误被调用的方法
            
            var reader = XmlReader.Create(uri, setting);
            while (reader.Read()) ;
            #region 输出XML中元素个数
            //int i = 0;
            //while (reader.Read())
            //{
            //    if (reader.NodeType == XmlNodeType.Element)
            //    {
            //        i++;
            //        Console.WriteLine(i);
            //    }
            //} 
            #endregion
            Console.WriteLine("Validation complete.");
        }

        private static void ValidationCallbace(object sender, ValidationEventArgs e)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Validation Error;{0}\n\t Line number {1}, position{2}.",
                                e.Message,e.Exception.LineNumber,e.Exception.LinePosition);
        }

执行结果如下：

若XML文档不符合XML Schema时，执行结果如下：

3. 使用XmlSecureResolver类，对允许访问的域名进行限制。

3.1 首先定义一个System.Net.WebPermission变量：引用命名空间 using System.Net;

   WebPermission permission = new WebPermission(System.Security.Permissions.PermissionState.None);

3.2 为其添加两个指定的URL

   permission.AddPermission(NetworkAccess.Connect, "http://myWebServer.coom");
   permission.AddPermission(NetworkAccess.Connect, "http://myDataServer.coom");

3.3 将这个WebPermission添加到一个PermissionSet中，这可以灵活的配置不同的访问权限，引入命名空间 using System.Security;

   PermissionSet permissionSet = new PermissionSet(System.Security.Permissions.PermissionState.None);
   permissionSet.AddPermission(permission);

3.4 最后创建XmlSecureResolver，并将PermissionSet赋予它

   XmlSecureResolver resolver = new XmlSecureResolver(new XmlUrlResolver(), permissionSet);

3.5 Resolver的使用

   XmlReaderSettings settings = new XmlReaderSettings();
   settings.XmlResolver = resolver;
   XmlReader reader = XmlReader.Create(xmlUir, settings);