文章目录
1、Spring
1.1、简介
spring官网: https://spring.io/projects/spring-framework#overview
官方下载: https://repo.spring.io/release/org/springframework/spring/
GitHub: https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-framework
Spring Web MVC: spring-webmvc最新版
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-webmvc -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>5.2.7.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-jdbc -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
<version>5.2.7.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
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1.2、优点
- Spring是一个开源的免费框架(容器)!
- Spring是一个轻量级的非入侵式的框架
- 控制反转(IOC),面向切面编程(AOP)!
- 支持事务的处理,对框架整合的支持
开源免费容器,轻量级非侵入式,控制反转,面向切面,支持事务,支持框架整合
Spring是一个轻量级的控制反转(IOC)和面向切面(AOP)编程的框架
1.3、组成
1.4、扩展
现代化的java开发 -> 基于Spring的开发
2、IOC理论推导
传统的调用
-
UserDao
package dao; public interface UserDao { void getUser(); }
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UserDaoImp
package dao; public class UserDaoImpl implements UserDao{ public void getUser() { System.out.println("默认获取用户数据"); } }
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UserSevice
package Service; public interface UserService { void getUser(); }
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UserServiceImp
package Service; import dao.UserDao; import dao.UserDaoImpl;
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService{
UserDao userDao = new UserDaoImpl();
public void getUser(){
userDao.getUser();
}
}
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测试
package holle0;
import Service.UserService;
import Service.UserServiceImpl;
public class MyTest0 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// 用户实际调用的是业务层,dao层他们不需要接触
UserService userService = new UserServiceImpl();
userService.getUser();
}
}
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在我们之前的业务中,用户的需求可能会影响我们原来的代码,我们需要根据用户的需求去修改原代码!如果程序代码量十分大,修改一次的成本代价十分昂贵!
改良:我们使用一个Set接口实现。已经发生了革命性的变化!
//在Service层的实现类(UserServiceImpl)增加一个Set()方法
//利用set动态实现值的注入!
private UserDao userDao;
public void setUserDao(UserDao userDao){
this.userDao = userDao;
}
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set() 方法实际上是动态改变了 UserDao userDao 的 初始化部分(new UserDaoImpl())
测试中加上
((UserServiceImpl)userService).setUserDao(new UserDaoImpl());
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- 之前,程序是主动创建对象!控制权在程序猿手上!
- 使用了set注入后,程序不再具有主动性,而是变成了被动的接受对象!(主动权在客户手上)
本质上解决了问题,程序员不用再去管理对象的创建
系统的耦合性大大降低,可以更专注在业务的实现上
这是IOC(控制反转)的原型,反转(理解):主动权交给了用户
IOC本质
3、HolleSpring
在父模块中导入jar包
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-webmvc -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>5.2.7.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
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pojo的Hello.java
package pojo;
public class Hello {
<span class="token keyword">private</span> String str<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> String <span class="token function">getStr</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> str<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">setStr</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>String str<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>str <span class="token operator">=</span> str<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token annotation punctuation">@Override</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> String <span class="token function">toString</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token string">"Holle [str="</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> str <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token string">"]"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
}
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在resource里面的xml配置
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<span class="token comment"><!--在Spring中创建对象,在Spring这些都称为bean 类型 变量名 = new 类型(); Holle holle = new Holle(); bean = 对象(holle) id = 变量名(holle) class = new的对象(new Holle();) property 相当于给对象中的属性设值,让str="Spring" --></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>bean</span> <span class="token attr-name">id</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>hello<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">class</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>pojo.Hello<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>property</span> <span class="token attr-name">name</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>str<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">value</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>Spring<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">/></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>bean</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
</beans>
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测试类MyTest
package holle1;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import pojo.Hello;
public class MyTest {
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">static</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>String<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> args<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token comment">//获取Spring的上下文对象</span>
ApplicationContext context <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">ClassPathXmlApplicationContext</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"beans.xml"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">//我们的对象下能在都在spring·中管理了,我们要使用,直接取出来就可以了</span>
Hello holle <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>Hello<span class="token punctuation">)</span> context<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getBean</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"hello"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>holle<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toString</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
}
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核心用set注入,所以必须要有下面的se()方法
//Hello类
public void setStr(String str) {
this.str = str;
}
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思考:
IOC:对象由Spring 来创建,管理,装配!
弹幕评论里面的理解:
原来这套程序是:你写好菜单买好菜,客人来了自己把菜炒好招待,就相当于你请人吃饭
现在这套程序是:你告诉楼下餐厅,你要哪些菜,客人来的时候,餐厅把做好的你需要的菜送上来
IoC:炒菜这件事,不再由你自己来做,而是委托给了第三方__餐厅来做
此时的区别就是,如果我还需要做其他的菜,我不需要自己搞菜谱买材料再做好,而是告诉餐厅,我要什么菜,什么时候要,你做好送来
.
在前面第一个module试试引入Spring
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<span class="token operator"><</span>bean id<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"userDaomSql"</span> <span class="token keyword">class</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"dao.UserDaoMysqlImpl"</span><span class="token operator">></span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token operator">/</span>bean<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token operator"><</span>bean id<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"userServiceImpl"</span> <span class="token keyword">class</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"service.UserServiceImp"</span><span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token operator">!</span><span class="token operator">--</span>ref引用spring中已经创建很好的对象<span class="token operator">--</span><span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token operator">!</span><span class="token operator">--</span>value是一个具体的值<span class="token punctuation">,</span>基本数据类型<span class="token operator">--</span><span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token operator"><</span>property name<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"userDao"</span> ref<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"userDaomSql"</span><span class="token operator">/</span><span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token operator">/</span>bean<span class="token operator">></span>
</beans>
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第一个module改良后测试
package holle0;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import service.UserServiceImpl;
public class MyTest0 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(“beans.xml”);
UserServiceImpl userServiceImpl = (UserServiceImpl) context.getBean(“userServiceImpl”);
userServiceImpl.getUser();
}
}
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总结:
所有的类都要装配的beans.xml 里面;
所有的bean 都要通过容器去取;
容器里面取得的bean,拿出来就是一个对象,用对象调用方法即可;
4、IOC创建对象的方式
- 使用无参构造创建对象,默认。
- 使用有参构造(如下)
下标赋值
index指的是有参构造中参数的下标,下标从0开始;
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>bean</span> <span class="token attr-name">id</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>user<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">class</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>pojo.User<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>constructor-arg</span> <span class="token attr-name">index</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>0<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">value</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>chen<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">/></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>bean</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
</beans>
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类型赋值(不建议使用)
<bean id="user" class="pojo.User">
<constructor-arg type="java.lang.String" value="kuang"/>
</bean>
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直接通过参数名(掌握)
<bean id="user" class="pojo.User">
<constructor-arg name="name" value="kuang"></constructor-arg>
</bean>
<!-- 比如参数名是name,则有name="具体值" -->
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注册bean之后就对象的初始化了(类似 new 类名())
弹幕评论:
name方式还需要无参构造和set方法,index和type只需要有参构造
就算是new 两个对象,也是只有一个实例(单例模式:全局唯一)
User user = (User) context.getBean("user");
User user2 = (User) context.getBean("user");
system.out.println(user == user2)//结果为true
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总结:在配置文件加载的时候,容器(< bean>)中管理的对象就已经初始化了
5、Spring配置
5.1、别名
<bean id="user" class="pojo.User">
<constructor-arg name="name" value="chen"></constructor-arg>
</bean>
<alias name=“user” alias=“userLove”/>
<!-- 使用时
User user2 = (User) context.getBean(“userLove”);
–>
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5.2、Bean的配置
<!--id:bean的唯一标识符,也就是相当于我们学的对象名
class:bean对象所对应的会限定名:包名+类型
name:也是别名,而且name可以同时取多个别名 -->
<bean id="user" class="pojo.User" name="u1 u2,u3;u4">
<property name="name" value="chen"/>
</bean>
<!-- 使用时
User user2 = (User) context.getBean("u1");
-->
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5.3、import
import一般用于团队开发使用,它可以将多个配置文件,导入合并为一个
假设,现在项目中有多个人开发,这三个人复制不同的类开发,不同的类需要注册在不同的bean中,我们可以利
用import将所有人的beans.xml合并为一个总的!
-
张三(beans.xm1)
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李四(beans2.xm1)
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王五(beans3.xm1)
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applicationContext.xml
<import resource="beans.xm1"/> <import resource="beans2.xml"/> <import resource="beans3.xm1"/>
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使用的时候,直接使用总的配置就可以了
弹幕评论:
按照在总的xml中的导入顺序来进行创建,后导入的会重写先导入的,最终实例化的对象会是后导入xml中的那个
6、依赖注入(DI)
6.1、构造器注入
第4点有提到
6.2、set方式注入【重点】
依赖注入:set注入!
- 依赖:bean对象的创建依赖于容器
- 注入:bean对象中的所有属性,由容器来注入
【环境搭建】
-
复杂类型
Address类
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真实测试对象
Student类
-
beans.xml
-
测试
MyTest3
Student类
package pojo;
import java.util.*;
@Get
@Set
public class Student {
//别忘了写get和set方法(用lombok注解也行)
private String name;
private Address address;
<span class="token keyword">private</span> String<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> books<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">private</span> List<span class="token generics function"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>String<span class="token punctuation">></span></span> hobbies<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">private</span> Map<span class="token generics function"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>String<span class="token punctuation">,</span> String<span class="token punctuation">></span></span> card<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">private</span> Set<span class="token generics function"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>String<span class="token punctuation">></span></span> game<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">private</span> Properties infor<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">private</span> String wife<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token annotation punctuation">@Override</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> String <span class="token function">toString</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token string">"Student{"</span> <span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token string">"\n"</span><span class="token operator">+</span>
<span class="token string">"name='"</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> name <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token string">'\''</span> <span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token string">"\n"</span><span class="token operator">+</span>
<span class="token string">", address="</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> address<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toString</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token string">"\n"</span><span class="token operator">+</span>
<span class="token string">", books="</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> Arrays<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toString</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>books<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token string">"\n"</span><span class="token operator">+</span>
<span class="token string">", hobbies="</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> hobbies <span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token string">"\n"</span><span class="token operator">+</span>
<span class="token string">", card="</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> card <span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token string">"\n"</span><span class="token operator">+</span>
<span class="token string">", game="</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> game <span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token string">"\n"</span><span class="token operator">+</span>
<span class="token string">", infor="</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> infor <span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token string">"\n"</span><span class="token operator">+</span>
<span class="token string">", wife='"</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> wife <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token string">'\''</span> <span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token string">"\n"</span><span class="token operator">+</span>
<span class="token string">'}'</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
}
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Address类
package pojo;
public class Address {
<span class="token keyword">private</span> String address<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> String <span class="token function">getAddress</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> address<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">setAddress</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>String address<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>address <span class="token operator">=</span> address<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token annotation punctuation">@Override</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> String <span class="token function">toString</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token string">"Address{"</span> <span class="token operator">+</span>
<span class="token string">"address='"</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> address <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token string">'\''</span> <span class="token operator">+</span>
<span class="token string">'}'</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
}
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beans.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>bean</span> <span class="token attr-name">id</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>address<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">class</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>pojo.Address<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>property</span> <span class="token attr-name">name</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>address<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">value</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>address你好<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">/></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>bean</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>bean</span> <span class="token attr-name">id</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>student<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">class</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>pojo.Student<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token comment"><!--第一种,普通值注入 --></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>property</span> <span class="token attr-name">name</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>name<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">value</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>name你好<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">/></span></span> <span class="token comment"><!--第二种,ref注入 --></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>property</span> <span class="token attr-name">name</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>address<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">ref</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>address<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">/></span></span> <span class="token comment"><!--数组注入 --></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>property</span> <span class="token attr-name">name</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>books<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>array</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>value</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>三国<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>value</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>value</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>西游<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>value</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>value</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>水浒<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>value</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>array</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>property</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token comment"><!--list列表注入 --></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>property</span> <span class="token attr-name">name</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>hobbies<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>list</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>value</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>唱<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>value</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>value</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>跳<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>value</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>value</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>rap<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>value</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>value</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>篮球<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>value</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>list</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>property</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token comment"><!--map键值对注入 --></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>property</span> <span class="token attr-name">name</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>card<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>map</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>entry</span> <span class="token attr-name">key</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>username<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">value</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>root<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">/></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>entry</span> <span class="token attr-name">key</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>password<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">value</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>root<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">/></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>map</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>property</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token comment"><!--set(可去重)注入 --></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>property</span> <span class="token attr-name">name</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>game<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>set</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>value</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>wangzhe<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>value</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>value</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>lol<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>value</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>value</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>galname<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>value</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>set</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>property</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token comment"><!--空指针null注入 --></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>property</span> <span class="token attr-name">name</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>wife<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>null</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>null</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>property</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token comment"><!--properties常量注入 --></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>property</span> <span class="token attr-name">name</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>infor<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>props</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>prop</span> <span class="token attr-name">key</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>id<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>20200802<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>prop</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>prop</span> <span class="token attr-name">key</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>name<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>cbh<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>prop</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>props</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>property</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>bean</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
</beans>
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MyTest3
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import pojo.Student;
public class MyTest3 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(“beans.xml”);
Student stu = (Student) context.getBean(“student”);
System.out.println(stu.toString());
}
}
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6.3、拓展注入
官方文档位置
pojo增加User类
package pojo;
public class User {
private String name;
private int id;
public User() {
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token function">User</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>String name<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> id<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">super</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>name <span class="token operator">=</span> name<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>id <span class="token operator">=</span> id<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> String <span class="token function">getName</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> name<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">setName</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>String name<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>name <span class="token operator">=</span> name<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> <span class="token function">getId</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> id<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">setId</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> id<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>id <span class="token operator">=</span> id<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token annotation punctuation">@Override</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> String <span class="token function">toString</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token string">"User [name="</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> name <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token string">", id="</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> id <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token string">"]"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
}
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注意: beans 里面加上这下面两行
使用p和c命名空间需要导入xml约束
xmlns:p=“http://www.springframework.org/schema/p”
xmlns:c=“http://www.springframework.org/schema/c”
?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xmlns:c="http://www.springframework.org/schema/c" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<span class="token comment"><!--p命名空间注入/set注入,可以直接注入属性的值-》property--></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>bean</span> <span class="token attr-name">id</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>user<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">class</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>pojo.User<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token attr-name"><span class="token namespace">p:</span>name</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>cxk<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token attr-name"><span class="token namespace">p:</span>id</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>20<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>bean</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token comment"><!--c命名空间,通过构造器注入,需要写入有参和无参构造方法-》construct-args--></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>bean</span> <span class="token attr-name">id</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>user2<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">class</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>pojo.User<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token attr-name"><span class="token namespace">c:</span>name</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>cbh<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token attr-name"><span class="token namespace">c:</span>id</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>22<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>bean</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
</beans>
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测试
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml");
User user = context.getBean("user",User.class);//确定class对象,就不用再强转了
System.out.println(user.toString());
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6.4、Bean作用域
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单例模式(默认)
<bean id="user2" class="pojo.User" c:name="cxk" c:age="19" scope="singleton"></bean>
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弹幕评论:单例模式是把对象放在pool中,需要再取出来,使用的都是同一个对象实例
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原型模式: 每次从容器中get的时候,都产生一个新对象!
<bean id="user2" class="pojo.User" c:name="cxk" c:age="19" scope="prototype"></bean>
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- 其余的request、session、application这些只能在web开放中使用!
7、Bean的自动装配
- 自动装配是Spring满足bean依赖的一种方式
- Spring会在上下文自动寻找,并自动给bean装配属性
在Spring中有三种装配的方式
-
在xml中显示配置
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在java中显示配置
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隐式的自动装配bean 【重要】
-
环境搭建:一个人有两个宠物
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byType自动装配:byType会自动查找,和自己对象set方法参数的类型相同的bean
保证所有的class唯一(类为全局唯一)
-
byName自动装配:byName会自动查找,和自己对象set对应的值对应的id
保证所有id唯一,并且和set注入的值一致
<!-- 找不到id和多个相同class --> <bean id="cat1" class="pojo.Cat"/> <bean id="cat2" class="pojo.Cat"/> 找不到 id=cat,且有两个Cat
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7.1测试:自动装配
pojo的Cat类
public class Cat {
public void shut(){
System.out.println("miao");
}
}
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pojo的Dog类
public class Dog {
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">shut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"wow"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
}
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pojo的People类
package pojo; public class People {
<span class="token keyword">private</span> Cat cat<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">private</span> Dog dog<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">private</span> String name<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">public</span> Cat <span class="token function">getCat</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> cat<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">setCat</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Cat cat<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>cat <span class="token operator">=</span> cat<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">public</span> Dog <span class="token function">getDog</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> dog<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">setDog</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Dog dog<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>dog <span class="token operator">=</span> dog<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">public</span> String <span class="token function">getName</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> name<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">setName</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>String name<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>name <span class="token operator">=</span> name<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token annotation punctuation">@Override</span> <span class="token keyword">public</span> String <span class="token function">toString</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token string">"People{"</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token string">"cat="</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> cat <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token string">", dog="</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> dog <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token string">", name='"</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> name <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token string">'\''</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token string">'}'</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
}
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xml配置 -> byType 自动装配
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>bean</span> <span class="token attr-name">id</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>cat<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">class</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>pojo.Cat<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">/></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>bean</span> <span class="token attr-name">id</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>dog<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">class</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>pojo.Dog<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">/></span></span> <span class="token comment"><!--byType会在容器自动查找,和自己对象属性相同的bean 例如,Dog dog; 那么就会查找pojo的Dog类,再进行自动装配 --></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>bean</span> <span class="token attr-name">id</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>people<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">class</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>pojo.People<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">autowire</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>byType<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>property</span> <span class="token attr-name">name</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>name<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">value</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>cbh<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>property</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>bean</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
</beans>
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xml配置 -> byName 自动装配
<bean id="cat" class="pojo.Cat"/>
<bean id="dog" class="pojo.Dog"/>
<!--byname会在容器自动查找,和自己对象set方法的set后面的值对应的id
例如:setDog(),取set后面的字符作为id,则要id = dog 才可以进行自动装配
–>
<bean id=“people” class=“pojo.People” autowire=“byName”>
<property name=“name” value=“cbh”></property>
</bean>
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弹幕评论:byName只能取到小写,大写取不到
7.2、使用注解实现自动装配
jdk1.5支持的注解,spring2.5支持的注解
The introduction of annotation-based configuration raised the question of whether this approach is “better” than XML.(翻译:基于注释的配置的引入提出了一个问题,即这种方法是否比XML“更好”)
- 导入context约束
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
- 配置注解的支持:< context:annotation-config/>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span><span class="token namespace">context:</span>annotation-config</span><span class="token punctuation">/></span></span>
</beans>
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7.2.1、@Autowired
默认是byType方式,如果匹配不上,就会byName
在属性上个使用,也可以在set上使用
我们可以不用编写set方法了,前提是自动装配的属性在Spring容器里,且要符合ByName 自动装配
public class People {
@Autowired
private Cat cat;
@Autowired
private Dog dog;
private String name;
}
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@Nullable 字段标记了这个注解,说明该字段可以为空
public name(@Nullable String name){
}
//源码
public @interface Autowired {
boolean required() default true;
}
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如果定义了Autowire的require属性为false,说明这个对象可以为null,否则不允许为空(false表示找不到装配,不抛出异常)
7.2.2、@Autowired+@Qualifier
@Autowired不能唯一装配时,需要@Autowired+@Qualifier
如果@Autowired自动装配环境比较复杂。自动装配无法通过一个注解完成的时候,可以使用@Qualifier(value = “dog”)去配合使用,指定一个唯一的id对象
public class People {
@Autowired
private Cat cat;
@Autowired
@Qualifier(value = "dog")
private Dog dog;
private String name;
}
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弹幕评论:
如果xml文件中同一个对象被多个bean使用,Autowired无法按类型找到,可以用@Qualifier指定id查找
7.2.3、@Resource
默认是byName方式,如果匹配不上,就会byType
public class People {
Resource(name="cat")
private Cat cat;
Resource(name="dog")
private Dog dog;
private String name;
}
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弹幕评论:
Autowired是byType,@Autowired+@Qualifier = byType || byName
Autowired是先byteType,如果唯一則注入,否则byName查找。resource是先byname,不符合再继续byType
区别:
@Resource和@Autowired的区别:
- 都是用来自动装配的,都可以放在属性字段上
- @Autowired通过byType的方式实现,而且必须要求这个对象存在!【常用】
- @Resource默认通过byname的方式实现,如果找不到名字,则通过byType实现!如果两个都找不到的情况下,就报错!【常用】
- 执行顺序不同:@Autowired通过byType的方式实现。@Resource默认通过byname的方式实现
8、使用注解开发
在spring4之后,使用注解开发,必须要保证aop包的导入
使用注解需要导入contex的约束
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span><span class="token namespace">context:</span>annotation-config</span><span class="token punctuation">/></span></span>
</beans>
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8.1、bean
弹幕评论:
有了< context:component-scan>,另一个< context:annotation-config/>标签可以移除掉,因为已经被包含进去了。
<!--指定要扫描的包,这个包下面的注解才会生效
别只扫一个com.kuang.pojo包-->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.kuang"/>
<context:annotation-config/>
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//@Component 组件
//等价于<bean id="user" classs"pojo.User"/>
@Component
public class User {
public String name ="秦疆";
}
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8.2、属性如何注入@value
@Component public class User { //相当于<property name="name" value="kuangshen"/> @value("kuangshen") public String name;
<span class="token comment">//也可以放在set方法上面</span> <span class="token comment">//@value("kuangshen")</span> <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">setName</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>String name<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>name <span class="token operator">=</span> name<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
}
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8.3、衍生的注解
@Component有几个衍生注解,会按照web开发中,mvc架构中分层。
- dao (@Repository)
- service(@Service)
- controller(@Controller)
这四个注解的功能是一样的,都是代表将某个类注册到容器中
8.4、自动装配置
@Autowired:默认是byType方式,如果匹配不上,就会byName
@Nullable:字段标记了这个注解,说明该字段可以为空
@Resource:默认是byName方式,如果匹配不上,就会byType
8.5、作用域@scope
//原型模式prototype,单例模式singleton //scope("prototype")相当于<bean scope="prototype"></bean> @Component @scope("prototype") public class User {
<span class="token comment">//相当于<property name="name" value="kuangshen"/> </span> <span class="token annotation punctuation">@value</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"kuangshen"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">public</span> String name<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">//也可以放在set方法上面</span> <span class="token annotation punctuation">@value</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"kuangshen"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">setName</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>String name<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>name <span class="token operator">=</span> name<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
}
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8.6、小结
xml与注解:
- xml更加万能,维护简单,适用于任何场合
- 注解,不是自己的类使用不了,维护复杂
最佳实践:
- xml用来管理bean
- 注解只用来完成属性的注入
- 要开启注解支持
9、使用Java的方式配置Spring
不使用Spring的xml配置,完全交给java来做!
Spring的一个子项目,在spring4之后,,,它成为了核心功能
实体类:pojo的User.java
//这里这个注解的意思,就是说明这个类被Spring接管了,注册到了容器中 @component public class User { private String name;
<span class="token keyword">public</span> String <span class="token function">getName</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> name<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">//属性注入值</span> <span class="token annotation punctuation">@value</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>"QINJIANG'<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">setName</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>String name<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>name <span class="token operator">=</span> name<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token annotation punctuation">@Override</span> <span class="token keyword">public</span> String <span class="token function">toString</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token string">"user{"</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token string">"name='"</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> name <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token string">'\''</span><span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token string">'}'</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
}
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弹幕评论:要么使用@Bean,要么使用@Component和ComponentScan,两种效果一样
配置文件:config中的kuang.java
@Import(KuangConfig2.class),用@import来包含KuangConfig2.java
//这个也会Spring容器托管,注册到容器中,因为他本米就是一个@Component // @Configuration表这是一个配置类,就像我们之前看的beans.xml,类似于<beans>标签 @Configuration @componentScan("com.Kuang.pojo") //开启扫描 //@Import(KuangConfig2.class) public class KuangConfig { //注册一个bean , 就相当于我们之前写的一个bean 标签 //这个方法的名字,就相当于bean 标签中的 id 属性 ->getUser //这个方法的返同值,就相当于bean 标签中的class 属性 ->User
<span class="token comment">//@Bean </span> <span class="token keyword">public</span> User <span class="token function">getUser</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">User</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">//就是返回要注入到bean的对象! </span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
}
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弹幕评论:ComponentScan、@Component("pojo”) 这两个注解配合使用
测试类
public class MyTest {
public static void main(String[ ] args) {
//如果完全使用了配置类方式去做,我们就只能通过 Annotationconfig 上下文来获取容器,通过配置类的class对象加载!
ApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(KuangConfig.Class); //class对象
User getUser =(User)context.getBean( "getUser"); //方法名getUser
System.out.Println(getUser.getName());
}
}
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会创建两个相同对象问题的说明:
弹幕总结 - -> @Bean是相当于< bean>标签创建的对象,而我们之前学的@Component是通过spring自动创建的这个被注解声明的对象,所以这里相当于有两个User对象被创建了。一个是bean标签创建的(@Bean),一个是通过扫描然后使用@Component,spring自动创建的User对象,所以这里去掉@Bean这些东西,然后开启扫描。之后在User头上用@Component即可达到spring自动创建User对象了
//这个也会Spring容器托管,注册到容器中,因为他本米就是一个@Component // @Configuration表这是一个配置类,就像我们之前看的beans.xml,类似于<beans>标签 @Configuration @componentScan("com.Kuang.pojo") //开启扫描 //@Import(KuangConfig2.class) public class KuangConfig { //注册一个bean , 就相当于我们之前写的一个bean 标签 //这个方法的名字,就相当于bean 标签中的 id 属性 ->getUser //这个方法的返同值,就相当于bean 标签中的class 属性 ->User
<span class="token comment">//@Bean </span> <span class="token keyword">public</span> User <span class="token function">getUser</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">User</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">//就是返回要注入到bean的对象! </span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
}
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弹幕评论:ComponentScan、@Component("pojo”) 这两个注解配合使用
测试类
public class MyTest {
public static void main(String[ ] args) {
//如果完全使用了配置类方式去做,我们就只能通过 Annotationconfig 上下文来获取容器,通过配置类的class对象加载!
ApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(KuangConfig.Class); //class对象
User getUser =(User)context.getBean( "getUser"); //方法名getUser
System.out.Println(getUser.getName());
}
}
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会创建两个相同对象问题的说明:
弹幕总结 - -> @Bean是相当于< bean>标签创建的对象,而我们之前学的@Component是通过spring自动创建的这个被注解声明的对象,所以这里相当于有两个User对象被创建了。一个是bean标签创建的(@Bean),一个是通过扫描然后使用@Component,spring自动创建的User对象,所以这里去掉@Bean这些东西,然后开启扫描。之后在User头上用@Component即可达到spring自动创建User对象了
10、动态代理
代理模式是SpringAOP的底层
分类:动态代理和静态代理
10.1、静态代理
代码步骤:
1、接口
package pojo;
public interface Host {
public void rent();
}
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2、真实角色
package pojo; public class HostMaster implements Host{
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">rent</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"房东要出租房子"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
}
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3、代理角色
package pojo; public class Proxy {
<span class="token keyword">public</span> Host host<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token function">Proxy</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token function">Proxy</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Host host<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">super</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>host <span class="token operator">=</span> host<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">rent</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token function">seeHouse</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> host<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">rent</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">fee</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token function">sign</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">//看房</span> <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">seeHouse</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"看房子"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">//收费</span> <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">fee</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"收中介费"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">//合同</span> <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">sign</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"签合同"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
}
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4、客户端访问代理角色
package holle4_proxy;
import pojo.Host;
import pojo.HostMaster;
import pojo.Proxy;
public class My {
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">static</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>String<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> args<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token comment">//房东要出租房子</span>
Host host <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">HostMaster</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">//中介帮房东出租房子,但也收取一定费用(增加一些房东不做的操作)</span>
Proxy proxy <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Proxy</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>host<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">//看不到房东,但通过代理,还是租到了房子</span>
proxy<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">rent</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
}
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代码翻倍:几十个真实角色就得写几十个代理
AOP横向开发
10.2、动态代理
动态代理和静态角色一样,动态代理底层是反射机制
动态代理类是动态生成的,不是我们直接写好的!
动态代理(两大类):基于接口,基于类
- 基于接口:JDK的动态代理【使用ing】
- 基于类:cglib
- java字节码实现:javasisit
了解两个类
1、Proxy:代理
2、InvocationHandler:调用处理程序
实例:
接口 Host.java
//接口
package pojo2;
public interface Host {
public void rent();
}
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接口Host实现类 HostMaster.java
//接口实现类
package pojo2;
public class HostMaster implements Host{
public void rent() {
System.out.println("房东要租房子");
}
}
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代理角色的处理程序类 ProxyInvocationHandler.java
package pojo2;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationHandler;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.lang.reflect.Proxy;
///用这个类,自动生成代理
public class ProxyInvocationHandler implements InvocationHandler {
<span class="token comment">// Foo f =(Foo) Proxy.NewProxyInstance(Foo. Class.GetClassLoader(),</span>
<span class="token comment">// new Class<?>[] { Foo.Class },</span>
<span class="token comment">// handler);</span>
<span class="token comment">// 被代理的接口</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> HostMaster hostMaster <span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">setHostMaster</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>HostMaster hostMaster<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>hostMaster <span class="token operator">=</span> hostMaster<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment">// 得到生成的代理类 </span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> Object <span class="token function">getProxy</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token comment">// newProxyInstance() -> 生成代理对象,就不用再写具体的代理类了</span>
<span class="token comment">// this.getClass().getClassLoader() -> 找到加载类的位置</span>
<span class="token comment">// hostMaster.getClass().getInterfaces() -> 代理的具体接口</span>
<span class="token comment">// this -> 代表了接口InvocationHandler的实现类ProxyInvocationHandler</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> Proxy<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">newProxyInstance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getClass</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getClassLoader</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> hostMaster<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getClass</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getInterfaces</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// 处理代理实例并返回结果</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> Object <span class="token function">invoke</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Object proxy<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Method method<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Object<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> args<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">throws</span> Throwable <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token function">seeHouse</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// 动态代理的本质,就是使用反射机制实现的</span>
<span class="token comment">// invoke()执行它真正要执行的方法</span>
Object result <span class="token operator">=</span> method<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">invoke</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>hostMaster<span class="token punctuation">,</span> args<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token function">fee</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> result<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">seeHouse</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"看房子"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">fee</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"收中介费"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
}
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用户类 My2.java
package holle4_proxy;
import pojo2.Host;
import pojo2.Host2;
import pojo2.HostMaster;
import pojo2.ProxyInvocationHandler;
public class My2 {
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">static</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>String<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> args<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token comment">//真实角色</span>
HostMaster hostMaster <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">HostMaster</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">//代理角色,现在没有;用代理角色的处理程序来实现Host接口的调用</span>
ProxyInvocationHandler pih <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">ProxyInvocationHandler</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">//pih -> HostMaster接口类 -> Host接口</span>
pih<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">setHostMaster</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>hostMaster<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">//获取newProxyInstance动态生成代理类</span>
Host proxy <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>Host<span class="token punctuation">)</span> pih<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getProxy</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
proxy<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">rent</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
}
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弹幕评论:
什么时候调用invoke方法的?
代理实例调用方法时invoke方法就会被调用,可以debug试试
改为万能代理类
///用这个类,自动生代理 public class ProxyInvocationHandler implements InvocationHandler {
<span class="token comment">// 被代理的接口</span> <span class="token keyword">public</span> Object target<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">setTarget</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Object target<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>target <span class="token operator">=</span> target<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// 得到生成的代理类 -> 固定的代码</span> <span class="token keyword">public</span> Object <span class="token function">getProxy</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> Proxy<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">newProxyInstance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getClass</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getClassLoader</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> target<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getClass</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getInterfaces</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// 处理代理实例并返回结果</span> <span class="token keyword">public</span> Object <span class="token function">invoke</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Object proxy<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Method method<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Object<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> args<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">throws</span> Throwable <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// 动态代理的本质,就是使用反射机制实现的</span> <span class="token comment">// invoke()执行它真正要执行的方法</span> Object result <span class="token operator">=</span> method<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">invoke</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>target<span class="token punctuation">,</span> args<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> result<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
}
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11、AOP
11.1、什么是AOP
11.2、AOP在Spring中的使用
提供声明式事务,允许用户自定义切面
- 横切关注点:跨越应用程序多个模块的方法或功能。即是,与我们业务逻辑无关的,但是我们需要关注的部分,就是横切关注点。如日志,安全,缓存,事务等等…
- 切面(Aspect):横切关注点 被模块化的特殊对象。即,它是一个类。(Log类)
- 通知(Advice):切面必须要完成的工作。即,它是类中的一个方法。(Log类中的方法)
- 目标(Target):被通知对象。(生成的代理类)
- 代理(Proxy):向目标对象应用通知之后创建的对象。(生成的代理类)
- 切入点(PointCut):切面通知执行的”地点”的定义。(最后两点:在哪个地方执行,比如:method.invoke())
- 连接点(JointPoint):与切入点匹配的执行点。
SpringAOP中,通过Advice定义横切逻辑,Spring中支持5种类型的Advice:
即AOP在不改变原有代码的情况下,去增加新的功能。(代理)
11.3、使用Spring实现AOP
导入jar包
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.aspectj/aspectjweaver -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
<artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId>
<version>1.9.4</version>
</dependency>
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11.3.1、方法一:使用原生spring接口
springAPI接口实现
applicationContext.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop https://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd">
<span class="token comment"><!--注册bean--></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>bean</span> <span class="token attr-name">id</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>userservice<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">class</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>service.UserServiceImpl<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">/></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>bean</span> <span class="token attr-name">id</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>log<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">class</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>log.Log<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">/></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>bean</span> <span class="token attr-name">id</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>afterLog<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">class</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>log.AfterLog<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">/></span></span> <span class="token comment"><!--方式一,使用原生Spring API接口--></span> <span class="token comment"><!--配置aop,还需要导入aop约束--></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span><span class="token namespace">aop:</span>config</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token comment"><!--切入点:expression:表达式,execution(要执行的位置)--></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span><span class="token namespace">aop:</span>pointcut</span> <span class="token attr-name">id</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>pointcut<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">expression</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>execution(* service.UserServiceImpl.*(..))<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">/></span></span> <span class="token comment"><!--UserServiceImpl.*(..) -》 UserServiceImpl类下的所以方法(参数)--></span> <span class="token comment"><!--执行环绕增加--></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span><span class="token namespace">aop:</span>advisor</span> <span class="token attr-name">advice-ref</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>log<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">pointcut-ref</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>pointcut<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">/></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span><span class="token namespace">aop:</span>advisor</span> <span class="token attr-name">advice-ref</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>afterLog<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">pointcut-ref</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>pointcut<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">/></span></span> <span class="token comment"><!-- 环绕,在id="pointcut"的前后切入 --></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span><span class="token namespace">aop:</span>config</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
</beans>
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execution(返回类型,类名,方法名(参数)) -> execution(* com.service.*,*(…))
UserService.java
package service;
public interface UserService {
public void add() ;
public void delete() ;
public void query() ;
public void update();
}
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UserService 的实现类 UserServiceImp.java
package service;
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"add增"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">delete</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"delete删"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">update</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"update改"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">query</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"query查"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
}
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前置Log.java
package log;
import org.springframework.aop.MethodBeforeAdvice;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
public class Log implements MethodBeforeAdvice {
//method:要执行的目标对象的方法
//args:参数
//target:目标对象
public void before(Method method, Object[] args, Object target) throws Throwable {
System.out.println(target.getClass().getName()+“的”+method.getName()+“被执行了”);
}
}
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后置AfterLog.java
package log;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import org.springframework.aop.AfterReturningAdvice;
public class AfterLog implements AfterReturningAdvice {
//returnVaule: 返回值
public void afterReturning(Object returnValue, Method method, Object[] args, Object target) throws Throwable {
System.out.println(“执行了”+method.getName()+“方法,返回值是”+returnValue);
}
}
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测试类MyTest5
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import service.UserService;
public class MyTest5 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(“applicationContext.xml”);
//注意:动态代理代理的是接口
UserService userService = (UserService) context.getBean(“userservice”);
userService.add();
}
}
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11.3.2、方法二:自定义类实现AOP
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
https://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd">
<!–注册bean–>
<bean id=“userservice” class=“service.UserServiceImpl”/>
<bean id=“log” class=“log.Log”/>
<bean id=“afterLog” class=“log.AfterLog”/>
<!-- 方式二,自定义 -->
<bean id=“diy” class=“diy.DiyPointcut”/>
<aop:config>
<!–自定义切面–>
<aop:aspect ref=“diy”>
<!–切入点–>
<aop:pointcut id=“point” expression=“execution(* service.UserServiceImpl.*(…))”/>
<aop:before method=“before” pointcut-ref=“point”/>
<aop:after method=“after” pointcut-ref=“point”/>
</aop:aspect>
</aop:config>
</beans>
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package diy; public class DiyPointcut {
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">before</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"插入到前面"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">after</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"插入到后面"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
}
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//测试
public class MyTest5 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
//注意:动态代理代理的是接口
UserService userService = (UserService) context.getBean("userservice");
userService.add();
}
}
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11.3.3、方法三:使用注解实现
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop https://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd">
<span class="token comment"><!-- 注册 --></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>bean</span> <span class="token attr-name">id</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>userservice<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">class</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>service.UserServiceImpl<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">/></span></span> <span class="token comment"><!--方式三,使用注解实现--></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>bean</span> <span class="token attr-name">id</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>diyAnnotation<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">class</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>diy.DiyAnnotation<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>bean</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token comment"><!-- 开启自动代理 实现方式:默认JDK (proxy-targer-class="fasle") cgbin (proxy-targer-class="true")--></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span><span class="token namespace">aop:</span>aspectj-autoproxy</span><span class="token punctuation">/></span></span>
</beans>
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DiyAnnotation.java
package diy;
import org.aspectj.lang.ProceedingJoinPoint;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.After;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Around;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Aspect;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Before;
@Aspect //标注这个类是一个切面
public class DiyAnnotation {
<span class="token annotation punctuation">@Before</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"execution(* service.UserServiceImpl.*(..))"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">before</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"=====方法执行前====="</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token annotation punctuation">@After</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"execution(* service.UserServiceImpl.*(..))"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">after</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"=====方法执行后====="</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment">//在环绕增强中,我们可以给地暖管一个参数,代表我们要获取切入的点</span>
<span class="token annotation punctuation">@Around</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"execution(* service.UserServiceImpl.*(..))"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">around</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>ProceedingJoinPoint joinPoint<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">throws</span> Throwable <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"环绕前"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
Object proceed <span class="token operator">=</span> joinPoint<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">proceed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"环绕后"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
}
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