全局鼠标键盘事件实现应用程序的自动锁定

        我们在进行信息系统开发的时候，有时为了系统数据保密性、安全性得到提升。需要考虑到如果在用户长时间内没有对鼠标及键盘进行操作时，让应用程序自动锁定。并将当前用户所操作的界面隐藏。那么，为了实现该功能，我们需要对整个计算机内部的鼠标及键盘的操作进行记录。如果长时间内记录没有发生变化，则可以对系统进行锁定。

一、关键类的实现

        在.NET现有的类库中，并没有实现对全局（可能是我没有发现）鼠标、键盘操作的相关事件及类的定义。为此，我们需要调用到API来辅助我们这个功能的实现。

那么，我们现在来定义一个API相关的类。并对鼠标、键盘的Hook进行定义及处理。现对这个类暂命名为：MouseKeyHook。

下面是MouseKeyHook的代码：

public   class  MouseKeyHook
{
        [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
        private class POINT
        {
            public int x;
            public int y;
        }

        [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
        private class MouseHookStruct
        {
            public POINT pt;
            public int hwnd;
            public int wHitTestCode;
            public int dwExtraInfo;
        }

        [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
        private class MouseLLHookStruct
        {
            public POINT pt;
            public int mouseData;
            public int flags;
            public int time;
            public int dwExtraInfo;
        }

        [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
        private class KeyboardHookStruct
        {
            public int vkCode;
            public int scanCode;
            public int flags;
            public int time;
            public int dwExtraInfo;
        }
        [DllImport("user32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto,
           CallingConvention = CallingConvention.StdCall, SetLastError = true)]
        private static extern int SetWindowsHookEx(
            int idHook,
            HookProc lpfn,
            IntPtr hMod,
            int dwThreadId);

        [DllImport("user32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto,
            CallingConvention = CallingConvention.StdCall, SetLastError = true)]
        private static extern int UnhookWindowsHookEx(int idHook);

        [DllImport("user32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto,
             CallingConvention = CallingConvention.StdCall)]
        private static extern int CallNextHookEx(
            int idHook,
            int nCode,
            int wParam,
            IntPtr lParam);

        private delegate int HookProc(int nCode, int wParam, IntPtr lParam);

        [DllImport("user32")]
        private static extern int ToAscii(
            int uVirtKey,
            int uScanCode,
            byte[] lpbKeyState,
            byte[] lpwTransKey,
            int fuState);

        [DllImport("user32")]
        private static extern int GetKeyboardState(byte[] pbKeyState);

        [DllImport("user32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto, CallingConvention = CallingConvention.StdCall)]
        private static extern short GetKeyState(int vKey);

        private const int WH_MOUSE_LL = 14;
        private const int WH_KEYBOARD_LL = 13;
        private const int WH_MOUSE = 7;
        private const int WH_KEYBOARD = 2;
        private const int WM_MOUSEMOVE = 0x200;
        private const int WM_LBUTTONDOWN = 0x201;
        private const int WM_RBUTTONDOWN = 0x204;
        private const int WM_MBUTTONDOWN = 0x207;
        private const int WM_LBUTTONUP = 0x202;
        private const int WM_RBUTTONUP = 0x205;
        private const int WM_MBUTTONUP = 0x208;
        private const int WM_LBUTTONDBLCLK = 0x203;
        private const int WM_RBUTTONDBLCLK = 0x206;
        private const int WM_MBUTTONDBLCLK = 0x209;
        private const int WM_MOUSEWHEEL = 0x020A;

        private const int WM_KEYDOWN = 0x100;
        private const int WM_KEYUP = 0x101;
        private const int WM_SYSKEYDOWN = 0x104;
        private const int WM_SYSKEYUP = 0x105;

        private const byte VK_SHIFT = 0x10;
        private const byte VK_CAPITAL = 0x14;
        private const byte VK_NUMLOCK = 0x90;

        public MouseKeyHook()
        {
            Start();
        }

        public MouseKeyHook(bool InstallMouseHook, bool InstallKeyboardHook)
        {
            Start(InstallMouseHook, InstallKeyboardHook);
        }

        ~MouseKeyHook()
        {
            Stop(true, true, false);
        }

        public event MouseEventHandler OnMouseActivity;
        public event KeyEventHandler KeyDown;
        public event KeyPressEventHandler KeyPress;
        public event KeyEventHandler KeyUp;


        private int hMouseHook = 0;
        private int hKeyboardHook = 0;


        private static HookProc MouseHookProcedure;
        private static HookProc KeyboardHookProcedure;


        public void Start()
        {
            this.Start(true, true);
        }

        public void Start(bool InstallMouseHook, bool InstallKeyboardHook)
        {
            if (hMouseHook == 0 && InstallMouseHook)
            {
                MouseHookProcedure = new HookProc(MouseHookProc);
                hMouseHook = SetWindowsHookEx(
                    WH_MOUSE_LL,
                    MouseHookProcedure,
                    Marshal.GetHINSTANCE(
                        Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly().GetModules()[0]),
                    0);
                if (hMouseHook == 0)
                {
                    int errorCode = Marshal.GetLastWin32Error();
                    Stop(true, false, false);
                    throw new Win32Exception(errorCode);
                }
            }

            if (hKeyboardHook == 0 && InstallKeyboardHook)
            {
                KeyboardHookProcedure = new HookProc(KeyboardHookProc);
                hKeyboardHook = SetWindowsHookEx(
                    WH_KEYBOARD_LL,
                    KeyboardHookProcedure,
                    Marshal.GetHINSTANCE(
                    Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly().GetModules()[0]),
                    0);
                if (hKeyboardHook == 0)
                {
                    int errorCode = Marshal.GetLastWin32Error();
                    Stop(false, true, false);
                    throw new Win32Exception(errorCode);
                }
            }
        }

        public void Stop()
        {
            this.Stop(true, true, true);
        }

        public void Stop(bool UninstallMouseHook, bool UninstallKeyboardHook, bool ThrowExceptions)
        {
            if (hMouseHook != 0 && UninstallMouseHook)
            {
                int retMouse = UnhookWindowsHookEx(hMouseHook);
                hMouseHook = 0;
                if (retMouse == 0 && ThrowExceptions)
                {
                    int errorCode = Marshal.GetLastWin32Error();
                    throw new Win32Exception(errorCode);
                }
            }

            if (hKeyboardHook != 0 && UninstallKeyboardHook)
            {
                int retKeyboard = UnhookWindowsHookEx(hKeyboardHook);
                hKeyboardHook = 0;
                if (retKeyboard == 0 && ThrowExceptions)
                {
                    int errorCode = Marshal.GetLastWin32Error();
                    throw new Win32Exception(errorCode);
                }
            }
        }


        private int MouseHookProc(int nCode, int wParam, IntPtr lParam)
        {
            if ((nCode >= 0) && (OnMouseActivity != null))
            {
                MouseLLHookStruct mouseHookStruct = (MouseLLHookStruct)Marshal.PtrToStructure(lParam, typeof(MouseLLHookStruct));

                MouseButtons button = MouseButtons.None;
                short mouseDelta = 0;
                switch (wParam)
                {
                    case WM_LBUTTONDOWN:
                        button = MouseButtons.Left;
                        break;
                    case WM_RBUTTONDOWN:
                        button = MouseButtons.Right;
                        break;
                    case WM_MOUSEWHEEL:
                        mouseDelta = (short)((mouseHookStruct.mouseData >> 16) & 0xffff);
                        break;
                }

                int clickCount = 0;
                if (button != MouseButtons.None)
                    if (wParam == WM_LBUTTONDBLCLK || wParam == WM_RBUTTONDBLCLK) clickCount = 2;
                    else clickCount = 1;

                MouseEventArgs e = new MouseEventArgs(
                                                   button,
                                                   clickCount,
                                                   mouseHookStruct.pt.x,
                                                   mouseHookStruct.pt.y,
                                                   mouseDelta);
                OnMouseActivity(this, e);
            }
            return CallNextHookEx(hMouseHook, nCode, wParam, lParam);
        }

        private int KeyboardHookProc(int nCode, Int32 wParam, IntPtr lParam)
        {
            bool handled = false;
            if ((nCode >= 0) && (KeyDown != null || KeyUp != null || KeyPress != null))
            {
                KeyboardHookStruct MyKeyboardHookStruct = (KeyboardHookStruct)Marshal.PtrToStructure(lParam, typeof(KeyboardHookStruct));
                if (KeyDown != null && (wParam == WM_KEYDOWN || wParam == WM_SYSKEYDOWN))
                {
                    Keys keyData = (Keys)MyKeyboardHookStruct.vkCode;
                    KeyEventArgs e = new KeyEventArgs(keyData);
                    KeyDown(this, e);
                    handled = handled || e.Handled;
                }

                if (KeyPress != null && wParam == WM_KEYDOWN)
                {
                    bool isDownShift = ((GetKeyState(VK_SHIFT) & 0x80) == 0x80 ? true : false);
                    bool isDownCapslock = (GetKeyState(VK_CAPITAL) != 0 ? true : false);

                    byte[] keyState = new byte[256];
                    GetKeyboardState(keyState);
                    byte[] inBuffer = new byte[2];
                    if (ToAscii(MyKeyboardHookStruct.vkCode,
                              MyKeyboardHookStruct.scanCode,
                              keyState,
                              inBuffer,
                              MyKeyboardHookStruct.flags) == 1)
                    {
                        char key = (char)inBuffer[0];
                        if ((isDownCapslock ^ isDownShift) && Char.IsLetter(key)) key = Char.ToUpper(key);
                        KeyPressEventArgs e = new KeyPressEventArgs(key);
                        KeyPress(this, e);
                        handled = handled || e.Handled;
                    }
                }

                if (KeyUp != null && (wParam == WM_KEYUP || wParam == WM_SYSKEYUP))
                {
                    Keys keyData = (Keys)MyKeyboardHookStruct.vkCode;
                    KeyEventArgs e = new KeyEventArgs(keyData);
                    KeyUp(this, e);
                    handled = handled || e.Handled;
                }

            }

            if (handled)
                return 1;
            else
                return CallNextHookEx(hKeyboardHook, nCode, wParam, lParam);
        }
}

        通过上述类，我们可以来实现我们的应用程序的自动锁定功能了。

二、建测试项目

1、新建一个Windows应用程序。命名为：WindowsApplication1。

2、在该应用程序内添加一个类。类名为MouseKeyHook.cs，将上述代码添复制到该类中。

3、在Form1中添加一个Timer控件。

4、单击F7键打开Form1.cs。在里面添加局部变量：

private  MouseKeyHook mouseKeyHook1 = new  MouseKeyHook( true , true );

5、在Form1的构造函数中添加如下代码：

public  Form1()
{
    InitializeComponent();
    timer1.Interval=60000;//该处是定义一分钟的时间
    mouseKeyHook1.KeyDown+=new KeyEventHandler(mouseKeyHook1_KeyDown);
    mouseKeyHook1.KeyPress+=new KeyPressEventHandler(mouseKeyHook1_KeyPress);
    mouseKeyHook1.KeyUp+=new KeyEventHandler(mouseKeyHook1_KeyUp);
    mouseKeyHook1.OnMouseActivity+=new MouseEventHandler(mouseKeyHook1_OnMouseActivity);
    mouseKeyHook1.Start(true,true);
}

6、打开Form1的设计窗口，在窗口内双击timer1，定义timer1的Tick事件。在Tick事件中加载如下代码：

private   void  timer_Tick( object  sender, EventArgs e)
{
    MessageBox.Show("该应用程序将被锁定。","提示", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Information);
    Process.Start("logon.scr");//在这里启动一个屏幕保护程序。
}

7、定义mouseKeyHook1_KeyDown、mouseKeyHook1_KeyPress、mouseKeyHook1_KeyUp、mouseKeyHook1_OnMouseActivity事件。这几个事件调用的事件是一样的。即启动计时器。实现应用程序定时锁定的功能。下面举一例：

private  mouseKeyHook1_KeyDown( object  sender, KeyEventArgs e)
{
    TimerClear();
}

// 重新设置计时器
private   void  TimerClear()
{
    timer1.Stop();
    timer1.Start();
}

8、保存所有文件后，按“F5”键启动应用程序。