Asp.net MVC 实例

MVC架构已深得人心，微软也不甘落后，推出了Asp.net MVC，并在vs2010中已经内置了MVC的相关功能。如果使用vs2008，需要下载安装Service Pack 1和ASP.NET MVC Framework。MVC现在已经是2.0的版本。

选择相关开发语言，创建一个 ASP.NET MVC Web Application 项目，选择不需要单元测试，这样生成了一个MVC框架，按Ctrl+F5运行，可看到一个欢迎主页。

注意：使用MVC后不是按链接文件来访问页面，而是通过控制器实现路由链接。

我们通过一个简单的增删查改的功能来体会一下MVC开发的过程。

第一步：模块开发

首先我们创建一个简单的表格：test，该表格只有两个字段：id和name。并创建一个数据类，在Models文件夹中创建一个类，代码如下：



代码
//Test.csusing System;using System.Collections.Generic;using System.Linq;using System.Web; namespace MvcWeb.Models{ public class Test { private int _id = -1; public int id { get { return _id; } set { _id = value; } } public String name {get;set;} }}




然后在Models文件夹中创建一个文件夹：Maping，在此文件中新建一个LINQ to Sql，将test表拖进设计器中，保存。

最后在Models文件夹中新建一个类：TestModel.cs，输入如下代码：



代码
using System;using System.Collections.Generic;using System.Linq;using System.Web;using System.Data.Linq;using MvcWeb.Models.Maping; namespace MvcWeb.Models{ public static class TestModel { private static TestDbMapingDataContext testDb = new TestDbMapingDataContext(); //返回记录总数 public static int Count() { return testDb.test.Count(); } //分页列表 public static List<Test> GetList(int page, int pageSize) { var query = (from c in testDb.test orderby c.id ascending select c).Skip((page - 1) * pageSize).Take(pageSize); List<Test> result = new List<Test>(); foreach (var t in query) result.Add(FillRecord(t)); return result; } //列表 public static List<Test> GetList() { var query = (from c in testDb.test orderby c.id ascending select c); List<Test> result = new List<Test>(); foreach (var t in query) result.Add(FillRecord(t)); return result; } //修改和插入保存 public static long Save(Test myTest) { try { test t = (from c in testDb.test where c.id == myTest.id select c).FirstOrDefault(); if (t == null) { t = new test(); t.id = myTest.id; t.name = myTest.name; testDb.test.InsertOnSubmit(t); } else { t.name = myTest.name; } testDb.SubmitChanges(); return t.id; } catch(ChangeConflictException ce) { testDb.ChangeConflicts.ResolveAll(RefreshMode.OverwriteCurrentValues); testDb.SubmitChanges(); } return -1; } //删除记录 public static bool Delete(int id) { try { test t = (from c in testDb.test where c.id == id select c).FirstOrDefault(); testDb.test.DeleteOnSubmit(t); testDb.SubmitChanges(); return t != null; } catch (ChangeConflictException ce) { testDb.ChangeConflicts.ResolveAll(RefreshMode.OverwriteCurrentValues); testDb.SubmitChanges(); } return false; } //取一条记录 public static Test GetItem(int id) { test t = (from c in testDb.test where c.id == id select c).FirstOrDefault(); return FillRecord(t); } //构造数据对象 private static Test FillRecord(test i) { Test result = null; if (i != null) { result = new Test(); result.id = i.id; result.name = i.name; } return result; } }}




第二步：控制器开发

在Controllers文件夹中右键选择Controller，将生成一个控制器，将文件名改为：TestController.cs，并将代码做些修改，以访问模块：



代码
using System;using System.Collections.Generic;using System.Linq;using System.Web;using System.Web.Mvc;using MvcWeb.Models; namespace MvcWeb.Controllers{ public class TestController : Controller { // // GET: /Test/ int pageSize = 3; public ActionResult Index(int page) { if (page * pageSize > TestModel.Count()) page = page - 1; if (page <= 0) page = 1; ViewData["page"] = page; var model = TestModel.GetList(page, pageSize); return View(model); } // // GET: /Test/Details/5 public ActionResult Details(int id) { var model = TestModel.GetItem(id); return View(model); } // // GET: /Test/Create public ActionResult Create() { Test mytest = new Test(); return View(mytest); } // // POST: /Test/Create [HttpPost] public ActionResult Create(int id,FormCollection collection) { try { // TODO: Add insert logic here Test mytest = new Test(); UpdateModel(mytest, collection.ToValueProvider()); if(mytest.name == null) ViewData.ModelState.AddModelError("name", "userName not specified."); if (!ViewData.ModelState.IsValid) throw new InvalidOperationException(); TestModel.Save(mytest); return RedirectToAction("Index?page=1"); } catch(InvalidOperationException ex) { return View(new Test()); } } // // GET: /Test/Edit/5 public ActionResult Edit(int id) { var model = TestModel.GetItem(id); return View(model); } // // POST: /Test/Edit/5 [HttpPost] public ActionResult Edit(int id, FormCollection collection) { try { // TODO: Add update logic here Test mytest = new Test(); UpdateModel(mytest, collection.ToValueProvider()); TestModel.Save(mytest); return RedirectToAction("Index?page=1"); } catch { return View(); } } // // GET: /Test/Delete/5 public ActionResult Delete(int id) { var model = TestModel.GetItem(id); return View(model); } // // POST: /Test/Delete/5 [HttpPost] public ActionResult Delete(int id, FormCollection collection) { try { // TODO: Add delete logic here TestModel.Delete(id); return RedirectToAction("Index", new { page = 1 }); } catch { return View(); } } }}




第三步：视图开发

在控制器的Index方法中按右键，选择“Add View”，作出如下图的选择：



即在Views/Test文件夹下面生成一个视图：Index.aspx，因为我们使用了分页设计，所以在文件后面加上如代码：



<%= Html.ActionLink("Create New", "Create") %> <% =Html.ActionLink("<< 前一页", "Index", new { page = (int)ViewData["Page"] - 1 })%> <% =Html.ActionLink("后一页 >>", "Index", new { page = (int)ViewData["Page"] + 1 })%>




打开Views/Home/Index.aspx，加入一个对Test页面的链接：



<%= Html.ActionLink("测试", "Index?page=1", "Test")%>




按上面的方法在控制器的Create, Edit, Delete生成相关视图，因为主页使用了分页，所以要将返回主页的链接“Back to List”，略作修改：“Index?page=1”。我们可以看看生成的Create.aspx的代码：



代码
<%@ Page Title="" Language="C#" MasterPageFile="~/Views/Shared/Site.Master" Inherits="System.Web.Mvc.ViewPage<MvcWeb.Models.Test>" %> <asp:Content ID="Content1" ContentPlaceHolderID="TitleContent" runat="server"> Create</asp:Content> <asp:Content ID="Content2" ContentPlaceHolderID="MainContent" runat="server"> <h2>Create</h2> <% using (Html.BeginForm()) {%> <%= Html.ValidationSummary(true) %> <fieldset> <legend>Fields</legend> <div class="editor-label"> <%= Html.LabelFor(model => model.id) %> </div> <div class="editor-field"> <%= Html.TextBoxFor(model => model.id) %> <%= Html.ValidationMessageFor(model => model.id) %> </div> <div class="editor-label"> <%= Html.LabelFor(model => model.name) %> </div> <div class="editor-field"> <%= Html.TextBoxFor(model => model.name) %> <%= Html.ValidationMessageFor(model => model.name) %> </div> <p> <input type="submit" value="Create" /> </p> </fieldset> <% } %> <div> <%= Html.ActionLink("Back to List", "Index?page=1") %> </div> </asp:Content>




完成任务，按Ctrl+F5运行，在主页上点击“测试”，即可体验增删查改的功能。