不同服务器上的mysql数据库如何实现同步异步备份
1.服务器状态
服务器A:192.168.1.1
服务器B:192.168.1.2
2.创建同步用户
主机域A:192.168.1.2 用户名A:sync_a 密码A:aaa
主机域B:192.168.1.1 用户名B:sync_b 密码B:bbb
至少分配以下权限grant replication slave
3.执行flush privileges
4.停止MySQL
5.配置my.cnf(my.ini)
服务器A 服务器B
user = mysql
log-bin = mysql-bin
server-id = 1
binlog-do-db = test
binlog-ignore-db = mysql
replicate-do-db = test
replicate-ignore-db = mysql
log-slave-updates
slave-skip-errors = all
sync_binlog = 1 user = mysql
log-bin = mysql-bin
server-id = 2
binlog-do-db = test
binlog-ignore-db = mysql
replicate-do-db = test
replicate-ignore-db = mysql
log-slave-updates
slave-skip-errors = all
sync_binlog = 1
server-id必须唯一
binlog-do-db和replicate-do-db表示需要同步的数据库
binlog-ignore-db和replicate-ignore-db表示不需要同步的数据库
请不要加入以下命令,该命令并不会解决uid跳号的问题,恰恰相反以下两行命令才是导致uid跳号的罪魁祸首
auto_increment_increment = 2
auto_increment_offset = 1
6.重新启动MySQL
7.进入MySQL控制台
服务器A:
show master status G
flush tables with read lock;
服务器B:
show master status G
flush tables with read lock;
同时记录下两台服务器的File和Position,此处假设:
A: File: mysql-bin.000001
Position: 001
B: File: mysql-bin.000002
Position: 002
服务器A:
change master to
-> master_host='192.168.1.2',
-> master_user='sync_b',
-> master_password='bbb',
-> master_log_file='mysql-bin.000002',
-> master_log_pos=002;
服务器B:
change master to
-> master_host='192.168.1.1',
-> master_user='sync_a',
-> master_password='aaa',
-> master_log_file='mysql-bin.000001',
-> master_log_pos=001;
此处填写的数据完全相反
8.执行show processlist G查看是否同步成功
方法二
两台服务器
192.168.1.1(A)
192.168.1.2(B)
先保证这mysql的版本是一致的,参考http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.1/zh/replication.html#replication-implementation-details,否则复制中的异常情况很折腾人。
1.在两台mysql上创建用户,设置权限
A上添加:
#grant replication slave,replication client,reload,super on *.* to 'sync_user'@'192.168.1.2' identified by '123456' with grant option;//用于B访问
B上:
#grant replication slave,replication client,reload,super on *.* to 'sync_user'@'192.168.1.1' identified by '123456' with grant option;//用于A访问
执行 #flush privileges; 更新数据库使用户生效。
2.在/etc/my.cnf上进行相关配置
A B
server-id = 1
master-host =192.168.1.2
master-user =sync_user
master-pass =123456
master-port =3306
master-connect-retry=60
replicate-do-db =db1
replicate-do-db =db2
replicate-ignore-db=mysql server-id = 2
master-host =192.168.1.1
master-user =sync_user
master-pass =123456
master-port =3306
master-connect-retry=60
replicate-do-db =db1
replicate-do-db =db2
replicate-ignore-db=mysql
注意
1.server_id必须为唯一.
2.如果想要同时同步多个库,添加多行replicate-do-db,每行指定一个数据库。不能使用replicate-do-db=db1,db2的形式
3.replicate-ignore-db:指定不进行同步的数据库。
保存后,重启mysql
#mysqladmin -u root -p shutdown
#mysqld_safe --user=mysql
3.把两台服务器上需要同步的数据库进行拷贝,保证这两台数据库初始状态一致。
4.进行双向同步
双向同步就是把单向同步反过来在做一遍,但一定要注意操作的顺序,这是成功的关键
step1.在A上mysql shell中执行
#show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| mysql-bin.000054 | 35 | | |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
记录下 mysql-bin.000054,和35
step2.在B上执行:
#stop slave;//停止同步
#
CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='192.168.1.1', MASTER_PORT=3306, MASTER_USER='sync_user', MASTER_PASSWORD='123456', MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000054', MASTER_LOG_POS=35;
#start slave;//开始同步
step3,执行show slave statusG;如显示如下内容,表示同步设置成功。
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
step4:上一步没有问题。则在B上继续执行show master status;
#show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| mysql-bin.000005 | 6854 | | |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
step5:在A上执行
#stop slave;//停止同步
#
CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='192.168.1.2', MASTER_PORT=3306, MASTER_USER='sync_user', MASTER_PASSWORD='123456', MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000005', MASTER_LOG_POS=6854;
#start slave;//开始同步
step6:执行show slave statusG;如显示如下内容,表示同步设置成功。
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
如上述没有啥问题。到此双向同步设置完成。
方法三
一、准备服务器
由于MySQL不同版本之间的(二进制日志)binlog格式可能会不一样,因此最好的搭配组合是Master的MySQL版本和Slave的版本相同或者更低,Master的版本肯定不能高于Slave版本。
more.. | less.. | 本文中,我们假设主服务器(以下简称Master)和从服务器(以下简称Slave)的版本都是5.0.27,操作系统是RedHat Linux 9。
假设同步Master的主机名为:master(IP:192.168.1.123),Slave主机名 为:slave(IP:192.168.1.124),2个MySQL的basedir目录都是/usr/local/mysql,datadir都是: /var/lib/mysql。
二、设置同步服务器
1、设置同步Master
修改 my.cnf 文件,在
# Replication Master Server (default)
# binary logging is required for replication
添加如下内容:
#log-bin=/var/log/mysql/updatelog
server-id = 1
binlog-do-db=discuz
binlog-ignore-db=mysql
重启MySQL,创建一个MySQL帐号为同步专用
# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -u root -p
mysql> GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO [email=]'back'@'%'[/email] IDENTIFIED BY 'back';
如果想要在Slave上有权限执行 "LOAD TABLE FROM MASTER" 或 "LOAD DATA FROM MASTER" 语句的话,必须授予全局的 FILE 和 SELECT 权限:
mysql>GRANT FILE,SELECT,REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO [email=]'back'@'%'[/email] IDENTIFIED BY 'back';
mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES ;
2、设置同步Slave
修改my.cnf文件,添加
server-id = 2
master-host = 192.168.1.123
master-user = back
master-password = back
master-port = 3306
replicate-ignore-db=mysql
replicate-do-db=discuz
重启MySQL
3、启动同步
在主服务器master MySQL命令符下:
# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -u root -p
mysql> show master status;
显示(当然这个是我机器的情况,你的不可能跟我一样哈,只是个例子):
+------------------+----------+-------------------+------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+------------------+----------+-------------------+------------------+
| mysql-bin.000009 | 98 | discuz | mysql |
+------------------+----------+-------------------+------------------+
在从服务器master MySQL命令符下:
# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -u root -p
mysql> slave stop;
mysql> change master to master_host='192.168.1.123', master_user='back', master_password='back', master_log_file='mysql-bin.000009', master_log_pos=98;
mysql> slave start;
用show slave statusG;看一下从服务器的同步情况
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
如果都是yes,那代表已经在同步
往表里面写点数据测试一下看是否同步成功,如果不成功,绝对不是你的RP问题,再检查一下操作步骤!
4、设置双向同步
修改slave服务器的my.cnf,添加
log-bin=/var/log/mysql/updatelog
binlog-do-db=discuz
binlog-ignore-db=mysql
重启MySQL,创建一个MySQL帐号为同步专用
mysql> GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO [email=]'back'@'%'[/email] IDENTIFIED BY 'back';
mysql> GRANT FILE,SELECT,REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO [email=]'back'@'%'[/email] IDENTIFIED BY 'back';
mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES ;
修改master服务器的my.cnf,添加
master-host = www.3ppt.com
master-user = back
master-password = back
master-port = 3306
replicate-ignore-db=mysql
replicate-do-db=discuz
重启MySQL
在主服务器slave MySQL命令符下:
show master status;
+------------------+----------+-------------------+------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+------------------+----------+-------------------+------------------+
| mysql-bin.000013 | 98 | discuz | mysql |
+------------------+----------+-------------------+------------------+
在服务器A MySQL命令符下:
mysql> slave stop;
mysql> change master to master_host='192.168.1.124', master_user='back', master_password='back', master_log_file='mysql-bin.000013', master_log_pos=98;
mysql> slave start;
其实也就是A->B单向同步的反向操作!双向同步,就这么简单啦!
提示:如果修改了主服务器的配置,记得删除从服务器上的master.info文件。否则从服务器使用的还是老配置,可能会导致错误。
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
注意:关于要复制多个数据库时,binlog-do-db和replicate-do-db选项的设置,网上很多人说是用半角逗号分隔,经过测试,这样的说法是错误的,MySQL官方文档也明确指出,如果要备份多个数据库,只要重复设置相应选项就可以了。
比如:
binlog-do-db=a
binlog-do-db=b
replicate-do-db=a
replicate-do-db=b