HQL 总结
1. 查询整个映射对象所有字段
//直接from查询出来的是一个映射对象,即:查询整个映射对象所有字段
String hql = "from Users";
Query query = session.createQuery(hql);
List<Users> users = query.list();
for(Users user : users){
System.out.println(user.getName() + " : " + user.getPasswd() + " : " + user.getId());
}
输出结果为:
name1 : password1 : 1
name2 : password2 : 2
name3 : password3 : 3
2.查询单个字段
//查询单个字段
String hql = " select name from Users";
Query query = session.createQuery(hql);
List<String> list = query.list();
for(String str : list){
System.out.println(str);
}
输出结果为:
name1
name2
name3
3.查询其中几个字段
//查询其中几个字段
String hql = " select name,passwd from Users";
Query query = session.createQuery(hql);
//默认查询出来的list里存放的是一个Object数组
List<Object[]> list = query.list();
for(Object[] object : list){
String name = (String)object[0];
String passwd = (String)object[1];
System.out.println(name + " : " + passwd);
}
输出结果为:
name1 : password1
name2 : password2
name3 : password3
4.修改默认查询结果(query.list())不以Object[]数组形式返回,以List形式返回
//查询其中几个字段,添加new list(),注意list里的l是小写的。也不需要导入包,这样通过query.list()出来的list里存放的不再是默认的Object数组了,而是List集合了
String hql = " select new list(name,passwd) from Users";
Query query = session.createQuery(hql);
//默认查询出来的list里存放的是一个Object数组,但是在这里list里存放的不再是默认的Object数组了,而是List集合了
List<List> list = query.list();
for(List user : list){
String name = (String)user.get(0);
String passwd = (String)user.get(1);
System.out.println(name + " : " + passwd);
}
/**
输出结果为:
name1 : password1
name2 : password2
name3 : password3
*/
5.修改默认查询结果(query.list())不以Object[]数组形式返回,以Map形式返回
//查询其中几个字段,添加new map(),注意map里的m是小写的。也不需要导入包,这样通过query.list()出来的list里存放的不再是默认的Object数组了,而是map集合了
String hql = " select new map(name,passwd) from Users";
Query query = session.createQuery(hql);
//默认查询出来的list里存放的是一个Object数组,但是在这里list里存放的不再是默认的Object数组了,而是Map集合了
List<Map> list = query.list();
for(Map user : list){
//一条记录里所有的字段值都是map里的一个元素,key是字符串0,1,2,3....,value是字段值
//如果将hql改为:String hql = " select new map(name as username,passwd as password) from Users";,那么key将不是字符串0,1,2...了,而是"username","password"了
String name = (String)user.get("0");//get("0");是get(key),注意:0,1,2...是字符串,而不是整形
String passwd = (String)user.get("1");
System.out.println(name + " : " + passwd);
}
/**
输出结果为:
name1 : password1
name2 : password2
name3 : password3
*/
6.修改默认查询结果(query.list())不以Object[]数组形式返回,以Set形式返回,但是因为Set里是不允许有重复的元素,所以:username和password的值不能相同。只需将hql改为:String
hql = " select new set(name,passwd) from Users";
7.修改默认查询结果(query.list())不以Object[]数组形式返回,以自定义类型返回
自定义类:
package com.domain;
public class MyUser {
private String username;
private String password;
//因为:String hql = " select new com.domain.MyUser(name,passwd) from Users";所以必须要有接受2个参数的构造函数
public MyUser(String username,String password){
this.username = username;
this.password = password;
}
public String getUsername() {
return username;
}
public void setUsername(String username) {
this.username = username;
}
public String getPassword() {
return password;
}
public void setPassword(String password) {
this.password = password;
}
}
//通过query.list()出来的list里存放的不再是默认的Object数组了,而是自定义的类MyUser,必须加包名,String hql = "from Users";中的Users类也是必须加包名的,但是因为再Users.hbm.xml里<hibernate-mapping auto-import="true"> auto-import默认值为true(所以auto-import属性也可以不写),自动导入了
String hql = " select new com.domain.MyUser(name,passwd) from Users";
Query query = session.createQuery(hql);
//默认查询出来的list里存放的是一个Object数组,但是在这里list里存放的不再是默认的Object数组了,而是MyUser对象了
List<MyUser> myUsers = query.list();
for(MyUser myUser : myUsers){
String name = myUser.getUsername();
String passwd = myUser.getPassword();
System.out.println(name + " : " + passwd);
}
/**
输出结果为:
name1 : password1
name2 : password2
name3 : password3
*/
8:条件查询
//条件查询,参数索引值从0开始,索引位置。通过setString,setParameter设置参数
String hql = "from Users where name=? and passwd=?";
Query query = session.createQuery(hql);
//第1种方式
// query.setString(0, "name1");
// query.setString(1, "password1");
//第2种方式
query.setParameter(0, "name1",Hibernate.STRING);
query.setParameter(1, "password1",Hibernate.STRING);
List<Users> list = query.list();
for(Users users : list){
System.out.println(users.getId());
}
//条件查询,自定义索引名(参数名):username,:password.通过setString,setParameter设置参数
String hql = "from Users where name=:username and passwd=:password";
Query query = session.createQuery(hql);
//第1种方式
// query.setString("username", "name1");
// query.setString("password", "password1");
//第2种方式,第3个参数确定类型
query.setParameter("username", "name1",Hibernate.STRING);
query.setParameter("password", "password1",Hibernate.STRING);
List<Users> list = query.list();
for(Users users : list){
out.println(users.getId());
}
//条件查询,通过setProperties设置参数
String hql = "from Users where name=:username and passwd=:password";
Query query = session.createQuery(hql);
//MyUser类的2个属性必须和:username和:password对应
MyUser myUser = new MyUser("name1","password1");
query.setProperties(myUser);
List<Users> list = query.list();
for(Users users : list){
System.out.println(users.getId());
}
9.指定查询的起始位置和查询的最大记录数(查询的起始位置是从0开始的)
query.setFirstResult(0);//设置查询起始位置为第一个位置
query.setMaxResults(3);//最大记录数位3
List<Employee>employees = query.list();
System.out.println("id\tName\tSex\tEmployeeBirth\tPhone\tPlace\tJoinTime");
for(Employee employee:employees){
System.out.print(employee.getId()+"\t");
System.out.print(employee.getEmployeeName()+"\t");
System.out.print(employee.getEmployeeSex()+"\t");
System.out.print(employee.getEmployeeBirth()+"\t");
System.out.print(employee.getEmployeePhone()+"\t");
System.out.print(employee.getEmployeePlace()+"\t");
System.out.print(employee.getEmployeeJoinTime());
System.out.println();
}
10 HQL的高级查询
(1)使用HQl对查询的结果进行排序
String hql = "from Employee as emp order by emp.id desc";
(2)使用HQL对查询的结果进行分组
使用group by:
String hql ="select emp.sex,count(*)from Employee as emp group by emp.sex";
(3)使用HQL执行数据库的内置函数
String hql ="select count(*)from Employee";
String hql ="select avg(*)from Employee";
String hql ="select min(*)from Employee";
String hql ="select max(*)from Employee";
等等。