本文详细介绍了H3C路由器RIP实验，包括基本配置、水平分割、毒化逆转、被动接口、优先级等关键知识点。通过实验展示了如何配置RIP路由，观察路由更新和防止路由环路的方法，以及RIPv2的使用，认证和直连不同网段的路由学习。
实验目录：
1.RIP基本实验
2.水平分割
3.毒化逆转
4.被动接口--包含计时器的信息
5.允许接口接受或发送RIP信息
6.RIP优先级
7.设置接口接收或发送RIP 报文时给路由增加的附加路由权值（条数）
8.Time的三大计时器设置
9.不同进程号
10.触发跟新
11.RIP 的版本兼容问题
12.不连续子网
13.手工汇总
14.向rip内注入一跳默认路由
15.RIPv2认证
16.直连的网络不再同一网段
一.RIP基本配置
实验要求：各个路由器能动态学到路由
实验拓扑：
实验过程：
1.按照上面的拓扑配置ip地址
2.宣告网络
[R1]rip //进入RIP视图（默认计入的RIP进程1）
[R1-rip-1]network 192.168.1.0 //宣告网络
[R1-rip-1]net 1.1.1.0
[R1-rip-1]q
[R2]rip
[R2-rip-1]network 192.168.1.0
[R2-rip-1]network 192.168.2.0
[R2-rip-1]network 2.2.2.0
[R2-rip-1]network 3.3.3.0
[R2-rip-1]q
[R3]rip
[R3-rip-1]network 192.168.2.0
[R3-rip-1]network 4.4.4.0
[R3-rip-1]q
3.RIP的几个查看命令
查看所有路由
[R1]display ip routing-table
Routing Tables: Public
Destinations : 10 Routes : 10
Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost NextHop Interface
1.1.1.1/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0
2.0.0.0/8 RIP 100 1 192.168.1.2 S0/2/0
3.0.0.0/8 RIP 100 1 192.168.1.2 S0/2/0
4.0.0.0/8 RIP 100 2 192.168.1.2 S0/2/0
127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0
127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0
192.168.1.0/24 Direct 0 0 192.168.1.1 S0/2/0
192.168.1.1/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0
192.168.1.2/32 Direct 0 0 192.168.1.2 S0/2/0
192.168.2.0/24 RIP 100 1 192.168.1.2 S0/2/0
查看RIP进程信息
[R1]display rip
Public VPN-instance name :
RIP process : 1 //进程号
RIP version : 1 //版本
Preference : 100 //优先级
Checkzero [高1] : Enabled
Default-cost : 0 //默认度量值，可以调整网络大小
Summary : Enabled //自动汇总开启
Hostroutes[高2] : Enabled
Maximum number of balanced paths : 6 //支持的负载分担条数
Update time : 30 sec(s) Timeout time : 180 sec(s)
Suppress time : 120 sec(s) Garbage-collect time : 120 sec(s)
TRIP retransmit time : 5 sec(s)
TRIP response packets retransmit count : 36
Silent interfaces : None //有没有被动接口
Default routes : Disabled //有没有默认路由
Verify-source : Enabled
Networks :
1.0.0.0 192.168.1.0
Configured peers : None
Triggered updates sent : 0
Number of routes changes : 0
Number of replies to queries : 0
查看RIP 协议的路由
[R1]display ip routing-table protocol rip
Public Routing Table : RIP
Summary Count : 4
RIP Routing table Status : < Active>
Summary Count : 4
Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost NextHop Interface
2.0.0.0/8 RIP 100 1 192.168.1.2 S0/2/0
3.0.0.0/8 RIP 100 1 192.168.1.2 S0/2/0
4.0.0.0/8 RIP 100 2 192.168.1.2 S0/2/0
192.168.2.0/24 RIP 100 1 192.168.1.2 S0/2/0
RIP Routing table Status : < Inactive>
Summary Count : 0
查看路由的跟新时间等
[R1]display rip 1 route
Route Flags: R - RIP, T - TRIP
P - Permanent, A - Aging, S - Suppressed, G - Garbage-collect
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Peer 192.168.1.2 on Serial0/2/0
Destination/Mask Nexthop Cost Tag Flags Sec
2.0.0.0/8 192.168.1.2 1 0 RA[高3] 22
3.0.0.0/8 192.168.1.2 1 0 RA 22
192.168.2.0/24 192.168.1.2 1 0 RA 22
4.0.0.0/8 192.168.1.2 2 0 RA 22
查看RIP接口，包括度量值、水平分割是否开启
[R1]display rip 1 interface
Interface-name: LoopBack0
Address/Mask:1.1.1.1/32 Version:RIPv1
MetricIn:0 MetricIn route policy:Not designated
MetricOut:1 MetricOut route policy:Not designated
Split-horizon/Poison-reverse:on/off Input/Output:on/on [高4]
Current packets number/Maximum packets number:0/2000
Interface-name: Serial0/2/0
Address/Mask:192.168.1.1/24 Version:RIPv1
MetricIn:0 MetricIn route policy:Not designated
MetricOut:1 MetricOut route policy:Not designated
Split-horizon/Poison-reverse:on/off Input/Output:on/on
Current packets number/Maximum packets number:0/2000
从此命令可以看出，水平分割时开启的，而毒化逆转时关闭的。
二.水平分割
通常情况下，为了防止路由环的出现，水平分割都是必要的。只是在某些特殊情况
下，为保证协议的正确执行，需要关闭水平分割。例如在NBMA 网络中，对于采用
帧中继封装的主接口和点对多点子接口，为了使接口可以发送从该接口学到的路由，
则需要禁止水平分割。在关闭水平分割时一定要确认是否必要。
关闭水平分割的命令
[R1]int s0/2/0
[R1-Serial0/2/0]un rip split-horizon
我们来测试一下水平分割的影响
开启了水平分割
<R1>terminal monitor
% Current terminal monitor is on
<R1>terminal debugging
% Current terminal debugging is on
<R1>debugging rip 1 packet
*Dec 2 16:21:44:16 2010 R1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: RIP 1 : Receive response[高5] from 192.168.1.2 on Serial0/2/0
*Dec 2 16:21:44:16 2010 R1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Packet : vers 1, cmd response, length 84
*Dec 2 16:21:44:16 2010 R1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: AFI 2, dest 2.0.0.0, cost 1
*Dec 2 16:21:44:16 2010 R1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: AFI 2, dest 3.0.0.0, cost 1
*Dec 2 16:21:44:16 2010 R1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: AFI 2, dest 4.0.0.0, cost 2
*Dec 2 16:21:44:16 2010 R1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: AFI 2, dest 192.168.2.0, cost 1
*Dec 2 16:21:45:812 2010 R1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: RIP 1 : Sending response on interface Serial0/2/0 from 192.168.1.1 to 255.255.255.255
*Dec 2 16:21:45:812 2010 R1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Packet : vers 1, cmd response, length 24
*Dec 2 16:21:45:812 2010 R1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: AFI 2, dest 1.0.0.0, cost 1
从上面我们可以看出，RIP包没有向自己宣告的网络发送跟新包！--这是水平分割起的作用！
关闭了水平分割
<R1>debugging rip 1 packet
*Dec 2 16:26:49:844 2010 R1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: RIP 1 : Receive response from 192.168.1.2 on Serial0/2/0
*Dec 2 16:26:49:844 2010 R1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Packet : vers 1, cmd response, length 84
*Dec 2 16:26:49:844 2010 R1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: AFI 2, dest 2.0.0.0, cost 1
*Dec 2 16:26:49:844 2010 R1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: AFI 2, dest 3.0.0.0, cost 1
*Dec 2 16:26:49:844 2010 R1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: AFI 2, dest 4.0.0.0, cost 2
*Dec 2 16:26:49:844 2010 R1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: AFI 2, dest 192.168.2.0, cost 1
*Dec 2 16:26:56:125 2010 R1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: RIP 1 : Sending response on interface Serial0/2/0 from 192.168.1.1 to 255.255.255.255
*Dec 2 16:26:56:125 2010 R1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Packet : vers 1, cmd response, length 124
*Dec 2 16:26:56:125 2010 R1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: AFI 2, dest 1.0.0.0, cost 1
*Dec 2 16:26:56:125 2010 R1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: AFI 2, dest 2.0.0.0, cost 2
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