配置和管理监听

监听配置概览

一个监听配置一个或多个监听协议地址，信息包含支持的服务，控制它运行时的参数，监听的配置保持在listener.ora文件中。因为监听的参数都有默认值，所有你可以不用配置就启动和使用监听，默认的监听名字叫listener，启动时不支持服务，在下面的协议地址上监听

（ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=host_name)(PORT=1521))

支持的服务，也就是监听转发客户请求的服务，可以配置在listener.ora中，或者这个信息可以动态注册。这个动态注册叫做服务注册。注册的动作时pmon进程来操作的。动态注册不需要listener.ora文件的任何配置。服务注册提供下面的好处：

1简化配置

2连接时故障转移

因为监听总是知道实例的状态，服务注册有助于自动故障转移，在一个实例当掉下将客户端连接请求道别的实例上。

在静态配置模型中，监听会在接受到客户端请求的时候启动专用server，server发现实例不启动的时候，会发出 "Oracle not available"的信息。

3运行时连接负载均衡

服务注册能让监听发送客户连接请求道最小负载的实例上，服务注册在service 处理器和节点中均衡负载。

在安装过程中的监听配置

netca自动配置一个叫listener的监听，另外，一个为了外部存储过程的ipc协议地址也自动被配置。netca也自动为外部存储过程配置服务信息。

下面的例子，listener条目定义了监听的协议地址，sid_lis_listener条目定义了监听静态支持的服务信息

LISTENER=
  (DESCRIPTION=
    (ADDRESS_LIST=
      (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=sales-server)(PORT=1521))
      (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=extproc))))
SID_LIST_LISTENER=
  (SID_LIST=
    (SID_DESC=
      (SID_NAME=plsextproc)
      (ORACLE_HOME=/oracle10g)
      (PROGRAM=extproc)))

如果你使用了ipc协议，你以通过指定最大的并发ipc连接来提高性能，例如

listener_name=(description=(address=(protocol=ipc)(key=listener0)(queuesize=50)))

处理大量的并发连接请求

如果你想监听器处理大量的并发连接请求，你可以为tcp/ip或ipc指定一个监听器队列。为了指定队列大小，要制定queuesize参数，如下

LISTENER=
(DESCRIPTION=
  (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=sales-server)(PORT=1521)(QUEUESIZE=20)))
下面是不同平台的默认值

Solaris Operating System: 5

Windows NT 4.0 Workstation: 5

Windows NT 4.0 Server: 50

配置静态信息

在listener.ora中的静态服务设置

Oracle Net Manager Field	listener.ora File Parameter	Description
SID	SID_NAME	Specifies the Oracle System Identifier (SID) of the instance. You can obtain the SID value from theINSTANCE_NAME parameter in the initialization parameter file.
Service Name	GLOBAL_DBNAME	Identifies the database service. Can the following paragraph be removed? It seems to be relevant only to Oracle8 While processing a client connection request, the listener tries to match the value of this parameter with the value of theSERVICE_NAME parameter in the client connect descriptor. If the client connect descriptor uses theSID parameter, then the listener does not attempt to map the values. This parameter is primarily intended for configurations with Oracle8 release 8.0 databases (where dynamic service registration is not supported for dedicated servers). This parameter may also be required for use with Oracle8i and higher database services by some configurations. The value for this parameter is typically obtained from the combination of theDB_NAME andDB_DOMAIN parameters (DB_NAME.DB_DOMAIN) in the initialization parameter file, but the value can also contain any valid name used by clients to identify the service.
Oracle Home Directory	ORACLE_HOME	On UNIX, this setting is optional. Use it to specify the Oracle home location of the instance. Without this setting, the listener assumes its Oracle home for the instance. On Windows, this setting is ignored. The Oracle home specified by the ORACLE_HOME parameter inHKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\ORACLE\HOMEID of the Windows registry is used.

下面是一个静态配置 数据库服务的例子

1. The following example shows an excerpt of a listener.ora file statically configured for a database service calledsales.us.acme.com:

2. SID_LIST_listener=
   (SID_LIST=
    (SID_DESC=
     (GLOBAL_DBNAME=sales.us.acme.com)
     (SID_NAME=sales)
     (ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/10g)))
   

为监听配置密码

配置了密码，像是保持配置，停止监听之类的动作都要求有密码，使用监听控制工具change_password命令来设置密码。

下面是设置密码的例子

LSNRCTL> CHANGE_PASSWORD
Old password:
New password: takd01
Reenter new password: takd01
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tpc)(HOST=sales-server)(PORT=1521)))
Password changed for LISTENER
The command completed successfully
LSNRCTL> SAVE_CONFIG

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=sales-server)(PORT=1521)))
Saved LISTENER configuration parameters.
Listener Parameter File   /oracle/network/admin/listener.ora
Old Parameter File   /oracle/network/admin/listener.bak
The command completed successfully

下面是修改密码的例子

LSNRCTL> SET PASSWORD
Password: takd01
The command completed successfully
LSNRCTL> CHANGE_PASSWORD
Old password: takd01
New password: smd01
Reenter new password: smd01
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tpc)(HOST=sales-server)(PORT=1521)))
Password changed for LISTENER
The command completed successfully
LSNRCTL> SAVE_CONFIG
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=sales-server)(PORT=1521)))
Saved LISTENER configuration parameters.
Listener Parameter File   /oracle/network/admin/listener.ora
Old Parameter File   /oracle/network/admin/listener.bak
The command completed successfully

配置服务注册

动态服务注册是在数据库初始参数中配置的，不要求在listener.ora中做任何别的配置。

为了确保服务正常注册，初始化参数文件中应该包含下面的参数

SERVICE_NAMES for the database service name

INSTANCE_NAME for the instance name

使用默认的，本地监听注册服务

默认的，pmon进程使用本地监听，子默认的本地地址上注册服务信息。只要监听配置和数据库配置同步，pmon可以使用非默认本地监听或远程监听注册服务。

用非默认监听注册

如果想要用pmon来注册本地监听，不适用tcp/ip,1521端口，在参数文件中配置local_listener参数来定位本地监听。

Set the LOCAL_LISTENER parameter as follows:

local_listener=listener_alias

listener_alias通过命名方法来解析监听协议地址。

用远程监听来注册信息

注册到远程监听，像是使用rac。需要配置remote_listener参数来定位远程监听，例如，如果监听配置在sales1-server和sales2-server的机器上，你可以设置remote_listener参数在sales1-server上如下：

REMOTE_LISTENER=listener_sales2

在sales1-sever上的tnsnames.ora文件中解析listener_sales2

listener_sales2=
(DESCRIPTION=
   (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=sales2-server)(PORT=1521)))

监听的启动停止

lsnrctl STOP [listener_name]

lsnrctlSTART [listener_name]

lsnrctl STATUS [listener_name]

关闭监听的日志

1 参数 lsnrctl>set log_status off
2 在listener.ora文件中增加“LOGGING_LISTENER=OFF”

监控监听的服务

使用service命令

Example 10-4 Listener Control Utility's SERVICES Command Output

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=net)))
Services Summary...
Service "sales.us.acme.com" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "sales", status READY, has 3 handler(s) for this service...
    Handler(s):
      "DEDICATED" established:0 refused:0 state:ready
         LOCAL SERVER
      "D000" established:0 refused:0 current:0 max:10000 state:ready
         DISPATCHER <machine: sales-server, pid: 1689>
         (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=sales-server)(PORT=52414))
      "D001" established:0 refused:0 current:0 max:10000 state:ready
         DISPATCHER <machine: sales-server, pid: 1691>
         (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=sales-server)(PORT=52415))
Service "hr.us.acme.com" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "hr", status READY, has 2 handler(s) for this service...
    Handler(s):
      "DEDICATED" established:0 refused:0 state:ready
         LOCAL SERVER
      "D000" established:0 refused:0 current:0 max:10000 state:ready
         DISPATCHER <machine: sales-server, pid: 11326>
         (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=sales-server)(PORT=58361))
The command completed successfully

This output shows that two database services, sales.us.acme.com andhr.us.acme.com, are registered with the listener.

Client connection requests to sales.us.acme.com are handled by two dispatchers namedD000 andD001 and one dedicated server. All handlers have a status ofready, indicating that they are ready to receive connections.

Client connection requests to hr.us.acme.com are handled by one dispatcher namedD001 and one dedicated server.

-------------------------------------

动态监听/静态监听与是不是默认端口没有关系

下面的例子中，有动态和静态监听2中，都是在8321上

Listening Endpoints Summary...
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=dg1)(PORT=8321)))
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC8321)))
Services Summary...
Service "cronfun" has 2 instance(s).
  Instance "cronfun", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
  Instance "cronfun", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "cronfunXDB" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "cronfun", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully

动态监听我是配置local_listener,指定tnsname.ora中的服务名称，

LISTNER_CRONFUN =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS_LIST =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 127.0.0.1)(PORT = 8321))
    )
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVICE_NAME = listner_cronfun)
    )
  )

然后在alter system register

静态监听就是需要在listener.ora中配置sid_list_listener

SID_LIST_LISTENER=
  (SID_LIST =
     (SID_DESC=
        (GLOBAL_DBNAME=cronfun)
        (ORACLE_HOME=/oracle11/product)
        (SID_NAME=cronfun))
  )

状态是unknown的是静态的，ready的是动态的。