JavaSE学习笔记9-网络编程

最新推荐文章于 2024-05-21 19:15:40 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-05-21 19:15:40 发布

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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/aoliaoliaoo/article/details/117710434

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网络编程

一、网络通信的两个要素

通信双方的地址：IP地址和端口号
网络通信协议：TCP、UDP等协议

二、IP地址InetAddress

唯一定位一台网路计算机
本机localhost：127.0.0.1
IP地址分类：
- ipv4/ipv6
  - ipv4：4个字节组成，127.0.0.1。0~255
  - ipv6:128位，8个无符号整数
- 公网（互联网）/私网（局域网）
  - 互联网：ABCD类地址
  - 局域网：192.168.xx.xx 专门给组织内部使用
域名：因为IP不方便记忆！

代码

import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;

public class TestIP {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            //查询本机地址
            InetAddress inetAddress1 = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
            System.out.println(inetAddress1);
            //查询网站地址
            InetAddress inetAddress2 = InetAddress.getByName("www.baidu.com");
            System.out.println(inetAddress2);
            //常用方法
            System.out.println(inetAddress2.getCanonicalHostName());//获得规范名字
            System.out.println(inetAddress2.getHostAddress());//获得主机名字
            System.out.println(inetAddress2.getHostName());//获得域名
        } catch (UnknownHostException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

三、端口Port

端口表示计算机上的一个程序的进程

不同的进程有不同的端口号，用来区分软件
被规定0-65535
单个协议下端口不能冲突
端口分类
- 共有端口：0-1023
  - HTTP:80
  - HTTPS:443
  - FTP:21
  - SSH:22
  - Telent:23
- 程序注册端口：2014-49151，分配给用户或者程序
  - Tomcat:8080
  - MySQL:3306
  - Oracle:1521
- 动态端口，私有：49152-65535

常用命令

netstat -ano #查看所有的端口
netstat -ano|findstr "5900" #查看指定端口
tasklist|findstr "8696" #查看指定端口的进程

代码

import java.net.InetSocketAddress;

public class TestPort {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        InetSocketAddress inetSocketAddress = new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1",8080);
        System.out.println(inetSocketAddress);
        //常用方法
        System.out.println(inetSocketAddress.getAddress());
        System.out.println(inetSocketAddress.getPort());
        System.out.println(inetSocketAddress.getHostName());
    }
}

四、通讯协议

在这里插入图片描述

五、TCP

TCP：三次握手（连接），四次挥手（断开）！

1、实现聊天

客户端

连接服务器
发送消息

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.Socket;

//TCP客户端
public class TCPClient1 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Socket socket = null;
        OutputStream outputStream = null;
        try {
            //1、服务器地址
            String serverIP = "127.0.0.1";
            int port = 9999;
            //2、创建一个socket连接
            socket = new Socket(serverIP, port);
            //3、发送消息，IO流
            outputStream = socket.getOutputStream();
            outputStream.write("你好！".getBytes());
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally {
            //关闭资源
            if (outputStream!=null){
                try {
                    outputStream.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if (socket!=null){
                try {
                    socket.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

服务端

建立服务的端口ServerSocket
等待客户端连接accept
接收客户端消息

import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;

//TCP服务端
public class TCPServer1 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ServerSocket serverSocket = null;
        Socket accept = null;
        InputStream inputStream = null;
        ByteArrayOutputStream byteArrayOutputStream = null;
        try {
            //1、服务器地址
            serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9999);
            while (true){
                //2、等待客户端连接
                accept = serverSocket.accept();
                //3、读取客户端消息
                inputStream = accept.getInputStream();
                //管道流
                byteArrayOutputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
                byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
                int len;
                while ((len=inputStream.read(buffer))!=-1){
                    byteArrayOutputStream.write(buffer,0,len);
                }
                System.out.println(byteArrayOutputStream.toString());
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally {
            //关闭资源
            if (byteArrayOutputStream!=null){
                try {
                    byteArrayOutputStream.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if (inputStream!=null){
                try {
                    inputStream.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if (serverSocket!=null){
                try {
                    serverSocket.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if (accept!=null){
                try {
                    accept.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

2、实现文件上传

客户端

import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.Socket;
//客户端
public class TCPClient2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        InetAddress serverIP = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
        int port = 9999;
        //创建socket连接
        Socket socket = new Socket(serverIP, port);
        //创建一个输出流
        OutputStream outputStream = socket.getOutputStream();
        //读取文件
        FileInputStream file = new FileInputStream("1.png");
        //写出文件
        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
        int len;
        while ((len=file.read(buffer))!=-1){
            outputStream.write(buffer,0,len);
        }
        //通知服务器已经传输完毕
        socket.shutdownOutput();
        //确定服务器接收完毕
        InputStream inputStream = socket.getInputStream();
        ByteArrayOutputStream byteArrayOutputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
        byte[] buffer2 = new byte[1024];
        int len2;
        while ((len2=inputStream.read(buffer2))!=-1){
            byteArrayOutputStream.write(buffer2,0,len2);
        }
        System.out.println(byteArrayOutputStream.toString());
        //关闭资源
        file.close();
        outputStream.close();
        socket.close();
    }
}

服务端

import java.io.*;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;

//服务端
public class TCPServer2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        //创建服务
        ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9999);
        //监听客户端的连接：阻塞式监听，会一直等待客户端连接
        Socket accept = serverSocket.accept();
        //获取输入流
        InputStream inputStream = accept.getInputStream();
        //文件输出
        FileOutputStream fileOutputStream = new FileOutputStream(new File("receive.png"));
        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
        int len;
        while ((len=inputStream.read(buffer))!=-1){
            fileOutputStream.write(buffer,0,len);
        }
        //通知客户端接收完毕
        OutputStream outputStream = accept.getOutputStream();
        outputStream.write("服务器接收完毕".getBytes());
        //关闭资源
        outputStream.close();
        fileOutputStream.close();
        inputStream.close();
        accept.close();
        serverSocket.close();
    }
}

六、UDP

不需要连接服务器，没有客户端和服务器的概念

1、消息发送

发送方

import java.net.*;

public class UDPClient1 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        InetAddress serverIP = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
        int port = 9999;
        //1、建立一个socket
        DatagramSocket datagramSocket = new DatagramSocket();
        //2、建立一个包
        String msg = "你好！";
        DatagramPacket datagramPacket = new DatagramPacket(msg.getBytes(), 0, msg.getBytes().length, serverIP, port);
        //3、发送一个包
        datagramSocket.send(datagramPacket);
        //4、关闭资源
        datagramSocket.close();
    }
}

接收方

import java.net.DatagramPacket;import java.net.DatagramSocket;//UDP没有客户端服务端的概念public class UDPServer1 {    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {        //1、开放端口        DatagramSocket datagramSocket = new DatagramSocket(9999);        //2、接收数据包        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];        DatagramPacket datagramPacket = new DatagramPacket(buffer,0,buffer.length);        datagramSocket.receive(datagramPacket);//阻塞接收        System.out.println(datagramPacket.getAddress());        System.out.println(new String(datagramPacket.getData(),0,datagramPacket.getLength()));        //3、关闭资源        datagramSocket.close();    }}

2、实现多线程聊天

发送方

import java.io.BufferedReader;import java.io.InputStreamReader;import java.net.DatagramPacket;import java.net.DatagramSocket;import java.net.InetSocketAddress;public class TalkSend implements Runnable{    DatagramSocket datagramSocket = null;    BufferedReader bufferedReader = null;    private int fromPort ;    private String toIP ;    private int toPort;    public TalkSend(int fromPort, String toIP, int toPort) {        this.fromPort = fromPort;        this.toIP = toIP;        this.toPort = toPort;        try {            datagramSocket = new DatagramSocket(fromPort);            bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));        }catch (Exception e){            e.printStackTrace();        }    }    @Override    public void run() {        while (true){            try {                String s = bufferedReader.readLine();                byte[] data = s.getBytes();                DatagramPacket datagramPacket = new DatagramPacket(data,0,data.length, new InetSocketAddress(this.toIP,this.toPort));                //发送                System.out.println("我："+s);                datagramSocket.send(datagramPacket);                if(s.equals("bye")){                    break;                }            }catch (Exception e){                e.printStackTrace();            }        }        datagramSocket.close();    }}

接收方

import java.net.DatagramPacket;import java.net.DatagramSocket;import java.net.SocketException;public class TalkReceive implements Runnable{    DatagramSocket datagramSocket = null;    private int port;    private String msgFrom;    public TalkReceive(int port, String msgFrom) {        this.port = port;        this.msgFrom = msgFrom;        try {            datagramSocket = new DatagramSocket(port);        }catch (SocketException e){            e.printStackTrace();        }    }    @Override    public void run() {        while (true){            try {                //准备数据                byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];                DatagramPacket datagramPacket = new DatagramPacket(buffer,0,buffer.length);                //接收                datagramSocket.receive(datagramPacket);//阻塞式接收包裹                byte[] data = datagramPacket.getData();                String s = new String(data, 0, data.length);                System.out.println(msgFrom+":"+s);                if(s.equals("bye")){                    break;                }            }catch (Exception e){                e.printStackTrace();            }        }        datagramSocket.close();    }}

对象1

//人员Apublic class Person1 {    public static void main(String[] args) {        //发送线程        new Thread(new TalkSend(7777,"127.0.0.1",9999)).start();        //接收线程        new Thread(new TalkReceive(8888,"人员B")).start();    }}

对象2

//人员2public class Person2 {    public static void main(String[] args) {        //发送线程        new Thread(new TalkSend(5555,"127.0.0.1",8888)).start();        //接收线程        new Thread(new TalkReceive(9999,"人员A")).start();    }}

七、URL下载网络资源

协议://ip地址:端口/项目名/资源

public class URL1 {    public static void main(String[] args) throws MalformedURLException {        URL url = new URL("http://localhost:8080/helloworld/index.jsp?username=admin&password=123456");        System.out.println(url.getProtocol()); //获取协议名        System.out.println(url.getHost()); //获取地址        System.out.println(url.getPort()); //获取端口        System.out.println(url.getPath()); //获取文件        System.out.println(url.getFile()); //获取文件全地址        System.out.println(url.getQuery()); //获取参数    }}

import javax.net.ssl.HttpsURLConnection;import java.io.FileOutputStream;import java.io.InputStream;import java.net.URL;import java.net.URLConnection;public class URL2 {    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {        //下载地址        URL url = new URL("https://p4.music.126.net/XrYsBt4yPAuPHL9zNSJtRw==/109951166053214732.jpg?param=34y34");        //连接到资源        URLConnection urlConnection = (HttpsURLConnection)url.openConnection();        //        InputStream inputStream = urlConnection.getInputStream();        FileOutputStream fileOutputStream = new FileOutputStream("download.jpg");        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];        int len;        while ((len=inputStream.read(buffer))!=-1){            fileOutputStream.write(buffer,0,buffer.length);        }        fileOutputStream.close();        inputStream.close();    }}

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JavaSE学习笔记9-网络编程

网络编程一、网络通信的两个要素通信双方的地址：IP地址和端口号网络通信协议：TCP、UDP等协议二、IP地址InetAddress唯一定位一台网路计算机本机localhost：127.0.0.1IP地址分类：ipv4/ipv6ipv4：4个字节组成，127.0.0.1。0~255ipv6:128位，8个无符号整数公网（互联网）/私网（局域网）互联网：ABCD类地址局域网：192.168.xx.xx 专门给组织内部使用域名：因为IP不方便记忆！
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