Java 多线程 interrupt方法

　　interrupt

　　下面是interrupt方法的文档的一部分：

1 * <p> If this thread is blocked in an invocation of the {@link
2      * Object#wait() wait()}, {@link Object#wait(long) wait(long)}, or {@link
3      * Object#wait(long, int) wait(long, int)} methods of the {@link Object}
4      * class, or of the {@link #join()}, {@link #join(long)}, {@link
5      * #join(long, int)}, {@link #sleep(long)}, or {@link #sleep(long, int)},
6      * methods of this class, then its interrupt status will be cleared and it
7      * will receive an {@link InterruptedException}.

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　　如果线程由于调用Object类的wait()方法、Thread类的join()实例方法以及Thread.sleep()静态方法而被挂起，此时其他线程调用了这个线程的interrupt方法，那么这个线程的中断状态会被清除，并会抛出一个InterruptedException异常。 

　　从上面加粗的文字中可以得出两点结论：

　　1 即便调用了interrupt方法，之后用isInterrupted()方法检查它的中断状态时也不一定能得到true。

　　2 如果线程当前运行处的代码块不对InterruptedException异常进行合适的处理，那么interrupt方法就没有任何效果。

　　举一个例子来验证上面的结论：

 1 public abstract class StoppableThread extends Thread {
 2 
 3     @Override
 4     public void run() {
 5         while(!isInterrupted()){
 6             System.out.println("isInterrupted: " + isInterrupted());
 7             doWork();
 8         }
 9         System.out.println("END");
10     }
11 
12     protected abstract void doWork();
13 
14     public static void main(String[] args) {
15         StoppableThread thread = new StoppableThread() {
16 
17             @Override
18             protected void doWork() {
19                 System.out.println("running...");
20                 try {
21                     sleep(500);
22                 } catch (InterruptedException e) {
23                     e.printStackTrace();
24                 }
25             }
26         };
27         thread.start();
28 
29         try {
30             Thread.sleep(2200);
31         } catch (InterruptedException e) {
32             e.printStackTrace();
33         }
34 
35         System.out.println("即将调用interrupt()方法");
36         thread.interrupt();
37     }
38 }

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　　输出结果：

 1 isInterrupted: false
 2 running...
 3 isInterrupted: false
 4 running...
 5 isInterrupted: false
 6 running...
 7 isInterrupted: false
 8 running...
 9 isInterrupted: false
10 running...
11 即将调用interrupt()方法
12 isInterrupted: false
13 running...
14 java.lang.InterruptedException: sleep interrupted
15     at java.lang.Thread.sleep(Native Method)
16     at readerandwriter.StoppableThread$1.doWork(StoppableThread.java:22)
17     at readerandwriter.StoppableThread.run(StoppableThread.java:9)
18 isInterrupted: false
19 running...
20 isInterrupted: false
21 running...

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　　InterruptedException

　　interrupt方法所做的仅仅是设置了Thread对象的中断状态，InterruptedException是在线程的wait()、sleep()、join()等方法中抛出的。

　　修改上面的那个类的doWork()方法，让它声明抛出InterruptedException，并把实现中的sleep(500)去掉。

 1 public abstract class StoppableThread extends Thread {
 2 
 3     @Override
 4     public void run() {
 5         while(!isInterrupted()){
 6             System.out.println("isInterrupted: " + isInterrupted());
 7             try {
 8                 doWork();
 9             } catch (InterruptedException e) {
10                 System.out.println("InterruptedException is Thrown");
11             }
12         }
13         System.out.println("END");
14     }
15 
16     protected abstract void doWork() throws InterruptedException;
17 
18     public static void main(String[] args) {
19         StoppableThread thread = new StoppableThread() {
20 
21             @Override
22             protected void doWork() throws InterruptedException{
23                 System.out.println("running...");
24             }
25         };
26         thread.start();
27 
28         try {
29             Thread.sleep(2200);
30         } catch (InterruptedException e) {
31             e.printStackTrace();
32         }
33 
34         System.out.println("即将调用interrupt()方法");
35         thread.interrupt();
36     }
37 }

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　　输出结果：

 1 isInterrupted: false
 2 running...
 3 isInterrupted: false
 4 running...
 5 isInterrupted: false
 6 running...
 7 isInterrupted: false
 8 running...
 9 isInterrupted: false
10 running...
11 即将调用interrupt()方法
12 isInterrupted: false
13 running...
14 END

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　　虽然线程结束了，但是InterruptedException异常并没有被抛出（如果抛出了会输出一行InterruptedException is Thrown）。线程是因为isInterrupted()返回true才退出循环的。结合上面interrupt方法的文档，可以得出两条结论： 
　　1 interrupt仅仅设置了Thread对象的中断状态，InterruptedException是在线程的wait()、sleep()、join()等方法中抛出的，并且抛出后会清除掉Thread对象的中断状态。 
　　2 当线程正在执行一些常规方法时，即便调用了interrupt方法也不会抛出InterruptedException，但会导致isInterrupted()方法返回true。

　　

　　Thread.interrupted

　　Thread类的静态方法interrupted()用来检查当前线程的中断状态。这个方法除了返回当前线程的中断状态（true/false），还会把中断状态给清除掉。也就是说，如果连续调用两次这个方法，那么第二次必然返回的是false，因为无论中断状态原本是什么，它都已经被第一次的Thread.interrupted()清除了。

 

　　如何安全可靠地中断线程

　　没有一个完美的方法能够实现在调用某个方法的瞬间就让线程退出。

　　一个比较好的方法是在Thread子类中添加一个标志位，这里命名为isShutdownRequested，默认为false，并提供一个用于在interrupt的同时设置它为true的方法。最后，在线程的run()方法的while循环控制条件中利用这个标志位判断线程是否被要求中止。 

　　下面提供一个StoppableThread实现，里面包含一个shutdown()方法，用于中止线程：

 1 public abstract class StoppableThread extends Thread {
 2     private volatile boolean isShutdownRequested = false;
 3 
 4     public final void shutdown(){
 5         isShutdownRequested = true;
 6         interrupt();
 7     }
 8 
 9     public final boolean isShutdownRequested() {
10         return isShutdownRequested;
11     }
12 
13     @Override
14     public void run() {
15         try {
16             while(!isShutdownRequested()){
17                 doWork();
18             }
19         } catch (InterruptedException e) {
20             System.out.println("InterruptedException is Thrown");
21         } finally {
22             doShutdown();
23         }
24     }
25 
26     protected abstract void doWork() throws InterruptedException;
27 
28     protected abstract void doShutdown();
29 
30 
31     public static void main(String[] args) {
32         StoppableThread thread = new StoppableThread() {
33 
34             @Override
35             protected void doWork() throws InterruptedException {
36                 System.out.println("running...");
37                 sleep(500);
38             }
39 
40             @Override
41             protected void doShutdown() {
42                 System.out.println("shutdown!");
43             }
44         };
45         thread.start();
46 
47         try {
48             Thread.sleep(2200);
49         } catch (InterruptedException e) {
50             e.printStackTrace();
51         }
52 
53         System.out.println("即将调用shutdown()方法");
54         thread.shutdown();
55     }
56 }

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　　输出结果：

1 running...
2 running...
3 running...
4 running...
5 running...
6 即将调用shutdown()方法
7 InterruptedException is Thrown
8 shutdown!

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　　参考资料

　　Thread的interrupt()方法排雷

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/WJQ2017/p/7570849.html