C++Primer17.1.2节练习

于 2023-03-10 15:42:22 发布
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分类专栏： C++基础 C++ 文章标签： c++ 开发语言 数据结构 算法
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文章展示了如何在C++中定义一个`Sales_date`类，包括友元函数实现加法、等于运算符，输入输出流操作符，以及自定义哈希函数。同时，类中包含了对图书销售数据的管理，如计算平均价格、合并销售记录等。代码还包括了在多组数据中查找特定书籍销售情况的函数和报告生成。
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练习17.4：

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <errno.h>
#include <unordered_set>
using namespace std;
#include <algorithm>
#include <numeric>


class Sales_date {
	//将非成员重载函数设置为友元函数
	friend Sales_date operator+(const Sales_date& h1, const Sales_date& h2);
	friend bool operator==(const Sales_date& lhs, const Sales_date& rhs);
	friend istream& operator >> (istream& is, Sales_date& item);
	friend ostream& operator << (ostream& os, const Sales_date& item);
	friend class std::hash<Sales_date>;
public:
	//默认构造函数
	Sales_date() :bookNo(std::string()) { }
	Sales_date(const std::string& s, unsigned us, double p) :bookNo(s), units_sold(us), revenue(p* us) { }
	Sales_date(const std::string& s) :bookNo(s) { }
	//拷贝构造函数
	Sales_date(const Sales_date& s) :bookNo(s.bookNo), units_sold(s.units_sold), revenue(s.revenue) { }
	//拷贝赋值运算符
	Sales_date& operator=(const Sales_date&);

	//复合赋值运算符
	Sales_date& operator+=(const Sales_date&);

	//得到bookNo
	std::string isbn()const { return bookNo; }

private:
	//平均售价
	double avg_price()const { return units_sold ? revenue / units_sold : 0; }
	std::string bookNo;
	unsigned units_sold = 0;
	double revenue = 0.0;
};

bool operator==(const Sales_date& lhs, const Sales_date& rhs)
{
	if (lhs.bookNo == rhs.bookNo && lhs.units_sold == rhs.units_sold && lhs.revenue == rhs.revenue)
	{
		return true;
	}
	return false;
}

//拷贝赋值运算符
Sales_date& Sales_date::operator=(const Sales_date& s)
{
	bookNo = s.bookNo;
	units_sold = s.units_sold;
	revenue = s.revenue;

	return *this;
}

//复合赋值运算符
Sales_date& Sales_date::operator+=(const Sales_date& s)
{
	if (this->bookNo == s.bookNo)
	{
		units_sold = units_sold + s.units_sold;
		revenue = revenue + s.revenue;
		return *this;
	}
	else
	{
		throw runtime_error("bookNo is different");
	}
}

//重载的加法运算符
Sales_date operator+(const Sales_date& h1, const Sales_date& h2)
{
	if (h1.bookNo == h2.bookNo)
	{
		Sales_date sTemp = h1;
		sTemp.units_sold = sTemp.units_sold + h2.units_sold;
		sTemp.revenue = sTemp.revenue + h2.revenue;
		return sTemp;
	}
	else
	{
		//无法相加
		//throw runtime_error("bookNo is different");
		cout << "h1.bookNo != h2.bookNo" << endl;
	}

}

//重载输入运算符
istream& operator >> (istream& is, Sales_date& item)
{
	double price;
	is >> item.bookNo >> item.units_sold >> price;
	//检查输入是否出错
	if (is)
	{
		item.revenue = item.units_sold * price;
	}
	else
	{
		//输入失败，对象被赋予默认的状态
		item = Sales_date();
	}
	return is;
}

//重载输出运算符
ostream& operator << (ostream& os, const Sales_date& item)
{
	os << item.isbn() << " " << item.units_sold << " " << item.revenue << " " << item.avg_price();
	return os;
}

namespace std {
	template<>
	struct hash<Sales_date>
	{
		typedef size_t result_tytpe;
		typedef Sales_date agument_type;
		size_t operator()(const Sales_date& s)const;
	};

	size_t hash<Sales_date>::operator()(const Sales_date& s)const
	{
		return hash<string>()(s.bookNo) ^
			hash<unsigned>()(s.units_sold) ^
			hash<double>()(s.revenue);
	}
}

bool compareIsbn(const Sales_date& lhs, const Sales_date& rhs)
{
	return lhs.isbn() < rhs.isbn();
}

typedef tuple < vector<Sales_date>::size_type, vector<Sales_date>::const_iterator, vector<Sales_date>::const_iterator>matches;
vector<matches>findBook(const vector<vector<Sales_date>>& files, const string& book)
{
	//初始化空vector
	vector<matches>ret;
	for (auto it = files.cbegin(); it != files.cend(); ++it)
	{
		auto found = equal_range(it->cbegin(), it->cend(), book, compareIsbn);
		if (found.first != found.second)
		{
			ret.push_back(make_tuple(it - files.cbegin(), found.first, found.second));
		}
	}
	return ret;
}

void reportResults(istream& in, ostream& os, const vector<vector<Sales_date>>& files)
{
	string s;
	while (in >> s)
	{
		auto trans = findBook(files, s);
		if (trans.empty())
		{
			cout << s << " not found in any stores" << endl;
			continue;;
		}
		for (const auto& store : trans)
		{
			os << "store " << get<0>(store) << " sales: " << accumulate(get<1>(store), get<2>(store), Sales_date(s)) << endl;
		}
	}
}

int main()
{
	//三家书店
	vector<Sales_date>v1;
	vector<Sales_date>v2;
	vector<Sales_date>v3;
	Sales_date s1("C++", 2, 50);
	Sales_date s2("C++", 7, 50);
	Sales_date s3("C++", 6, 50);
	Sales_date s4("C++", 10, 50);
	Sales_date s5("Java", 5, 30);
	Sales_date s6("Java", 10, 30);
	Sales_date s7("Java", 9, 30);
	Sales_date s8("HTML5", 20, 40);
	Sales_date s9("HTML5", 3, 40);
	v1.push_back(s1);
	v1.push_back(s2);
	v1.push_back(s3);
	v1.push_back(s6);
	v2.push_back(s1);
	v2.push_back(s4);
	v2.push_back(s6);
	v2.push_back(s7);
	v3.push_back(s2);
	v3.push_back(s3);
	v3.push_back(s8);
	v3.push_back(s9);
	vector<vector<Sales_date>>files = { v1,v2,v3 };

	reportResults(cin, cout, files);

	
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

结果：

 

练习17.5：

代码为：

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <errno.h>
#include <unordered_set>
using namespace std;
#include <algorithm>
#include <numeric>


class Sales_date {
	//将非成员重载函数设置为友元函数
	friend Sales_date operator+(const Sales_date& h1, const Sales_date& h2);
	friend bool operator==(const Sales_date& lhs, const Sales_date& rhs);
	friend istream& operator >> (istream& is, Sales_date& item);
	friend ostream& operator << (ostream& os, const Sales_date& item);
	friend class std::hash<Sales_date>;
public:
	//默认构造函数
	Sales_date() :bookNo(std::string()) { }
	Sales_date(const std::string& s, unsigned us, double p) :bookNo(s), units_sold(us), revenue(p* us) { }
	Sales_date(const std::string& s) :bookNo(s) { }
	//拷贝构造函数
	Sales_date(const Sales_date& s) :bookNo(s.bookNo), units_sold(s.units_sold), revenue(s.revenue) { }
	//拷贝赋值运算符
	Sales_date& operator=(const Sales_date&);

	//复合赋值运算符
	Sales_date& operator+=(const Sales_date&);

	//得到bookNo
	std::string isbn()const { return bookNo; }

private:
	//平均售价
	double avg_price()const { return units_sold ? revenue / units_sold : 0; }
	std::string bookNo;
	unsigned units_sold = 0;
	double revenue = 0.0;
};

bool operator==(const Sales_date& lhs, const Sales_date& rhs)
{
	if (lhs.bookNo == rhs.bookNo && lhs.units_sold == rhs.units_sold && lhs.revenue == rhs.revenue)
	{
		return true;
	}
	return false;
}

//拷贝赋值运算符
Sales_date& Sales_date::operator=(const Sales_date& s)
{
	bookNo = s.bookNo;
	units_sold = s.units_sold;
	revenue = s.revenue;

	return *this;
}

//复合赋值运算符
Sales_date& Sales_date::operator+=(const Sales_date& s)
{
	if (this->bookNo == s.bookNo)
	{
		units_sold = units_sold + s.units_sold;
		revenue = revenue + s.revenue;
		return *this;
	}
	else
	{
		throw runtime_error("bookNo is different");
	}
}

//重载的加法运算符
Sales_date operator+(const Sales_date& h1, const Sales_date& h2)
{
	if (h1.bookNo == h2.bookNo)
	{
		Sales_date sTemp = h1;
		sTemp.units_sold = sTemp.units_sold + h2.units_sold;
		sTemp.revenue = sTemp.revenue + h2.revenue;
		return sTemp;
	}
	else
	{
		//无法相加
		//throw runtime_error("bookNo is different");
		cout << "h1.bookNo != h2.bookNo" << endl;
	}

}

//重载输入运算符
istream& operator >> (istream& is, Sales_date& item)
{
	double price;
	is >> item.bookNo >> item.units_sold >> price;
	//检查输入是否出错
	if (is)
	{
		item.revenue = item.units_sold * price;
	}
	else
	{
		//输入失败，对象被赋予默认的状态
		item = Sales_date();
	}
	return is;
}

//重载输出运算符
ostream& operator << (ostream& os, const Sales_date& item)
{
	os << item.isbn() << " " << item.units_sold << " " << item.revenue << " " << item.avg_price();
	return os;
}

namespace std {
	template<>
	struct hash<Sales_date>
	{
		typedef size_t result_tytpe;
		typedef Sales_date agument_type;
		size_t operator()(const Sales_date& s)const;
	};

	size_t hash<Sales_date>::operator()(const Sales_date& s)const
	{
		return hash<string>()(s.bookNo) ^
			hash<unsigned>()(s.units_sold) ^
			hash<double>()(s.revenue);
	}
}

bool compareIsbn(const Sales_date& lhs, const Sales_date& rhs)
{
	return lhs.isbn() < rhs.isbn();
}

//typedef tuple < vector<Sales_date>::size_type, vector<Sales_date>::const_iterator, vector<Sales_date>::const_iterator>matches;
typedef pair< vector<Sales_date>::size_type, pair<vector<Sales_date>::const_iterator, vector<Sales_date>::const_iterator>>matches;
vector<matches>findBook(const vector<vector<Sales_date>>& files, const string& book)
{
	//初始化空vector
	vector<matches>ret;
	for (auto it = files.cbegin(); it != files.cend(); ++it)
	{
		auto found = equal_range(it->cbegin(), it->cend(), book, compareIsbn);
		if (found.first != found.second)
		{
			ret.push_back(make_pair(it - files.cbegin(), make_pair(found.first, found.second)));
		}
	}
	return ret;
}

void reportResults(istream& in, ostream& os, const vector<vector<Sales_date>>& files)
{
	string s;
	while (in >> s)
	{
		auto trans = findBook(files, s);
		if (trans.empty())
		{
			cout << s << " not found in any stores" << endl;
			continue;;
		}
		for (const auto& store : trans)
		{
			os << "store " << store.first << " sales: " << accumulate(store.second.first, store.second.second, Sales_date(s)) << endl;
		}
	}
}

int main()
{
	//三家书店
	vector<Sales_date>v1;
	vector<Sales_date>v2;
	vector<Sales_date>v3;
	Sales_date s1("C++", 2, 50);
	Sales_date s2("C++", 7, 50);
	Sales_date s3("C++", 6, 50);
	Sales_date s4("C++", 10, 50);
	Sales_date s5("Java", 5, 30);
	Sales_date s6("Java", 10, 30);
	Sales_date s7("Java", 9, 30);
	Sales_date s8("HTML5", 20, 40);
	Sales_date s9("HTML5", 3, 40);
	v1.push_back(s1);
	v1.push_back(s2);
	v1.push_back(s3);
	v1.push_back(s6);
	v2.push_back(s1);
	v2.push_back(s4);
	v2.push_back(s6);
	v2.push_back(s7);
	v3.push_back(s2);
	v3.push_back(s3);
	v3.push_back(s8);
	v3.push_back(s9);
	vector<vector<Sales_date>>files = { v1,v2,v3 };

	reportResults(cin, cout, files);


	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

结果：

 

练习17.6：

使用一个类来代替，修改代码如下：

class StoreBookFile
{
	friend void reportResults(istream& in, ostream& os, const vector<vector<Sales_date>>& files);
public:
	using line_no = std::vector<std::string>::size_type;
	//构造函数
	StoreBookFile(std::vector<Sales_date>::size_type a, vector<Sales_date>::const_iterator b, vector<Sales_date>::const_iterator c) :
		store_index(a), book_it1(b), book_it2(c) { }

private:
	std::vector<Sales_date>::size_type store_index; 
	vector<Sales_date>::const_iterator book_it1, book_it2;
};


bool compareIsbn(const Sales_date& lhs, const Sales_date& rhs)
{
	return lhs.isbn() < rhs.isbn();
}


vector<StoreBookFile>findBook(const vector<vector<Sales_date>>& files, const string& book)
{
	//初始化空vector
	vector<StoreBookFile>ret;
	for (auto it = files.cbegin(); it != files.cend(); ++it)
	{
		auto found = equal_range(it->cbegin(), it->cend(), book, compareIsbn);
		if (found.first != found.second)
		{
			ret.push_back(StoreBookFile(it - files.cbegin(), found.first, found.second));
		}
	}
	return ret;
}

void reportResults(istream& in, ostream& os, const vector<vector<Sales_date>>& files)
{
	string s;
	while (in >> s)
	{
		auto trans = findBook(files, s);
		if (trans.empty())
		{
			cout << s << " not found in any stores" << endl;
			continue;;
		}
		for (const auto& store : trans)
		{
			os << "store " << store.store_index << " sales: " << accumulate(store.book_it1, store.book_it2, Sales_date(s)) << endl;
		}
	}
}

结果：

 

练习17.7：

使用tuple和pair类似，都很简便，适合临时存储数据

如果要对数据进行一些操作，使用类版本更好

练习17.8：

会发生异常，这里使用默认构造函数，booNo被初始化为空字符串，累加时没有初始值，发生错误

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