B-树是一种平衡的多路查找树,它有较高的查找的效率,在文件系统中很有用.
一、B-树的定义
一棵"m 阶的B树"或为空树,或为具有以下特性的 m 叉查找树:
(1)树中每个结点至多有 m 棵子树;
(2)除根以外的所有非叶结点至少有 [m/2 ]棵子树,根结点若是非叶结点,则至少有两棵子树;
(3)所有的非叶结点中含有如下信息:
(n,A0,(K1,D1),A1,(K2,D2),……,An-1,(Kn,Dn),An)
其中:(Ki,Di)(i=1,…,n)为索引项,且 Ki<Ki+1(i=1,…,n-1);Ai(i=0,…,n) 为指向子树根结点的指针,且 Ai-1 所指子树中所有索引项的关键码小于 Ki(i=1,…,n),An 所指子树中索引项的关键码大于 Kn,n(m/2-1≤n≤m-1) 为结点中索引项的个数;
(4)所有叶结点都在同一层上,且不含任何信息。
下图为一棵4阶树:
二,B-树的实现
下面为c代码,参照了<<数据结构>>(严蔚敏)一书中的算法:
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