C++ 深拷贝和运算符重载和练习

一、字符串练习

去掉字符串【两端】和【中间多余的空格】

• 1. 将英文句子两端的空格(1 个或多个或没有空格)去掉
• 2. 单词中间的分隔符是一个或多个空格，如果是多个空格，减少为一个空格
• 3. 实现这个功能的函数名为 reshape，函数的返回值是字符串的起始地址

#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
using namespace std;
char* reshape(char* str);

int main(int argc, char** argv) {
	//多个英文句子
	char buf[4][100] = { " Meeting you in UIBE is   the most   beautiful   scenery   in my life.  ",
   "There is but one secret to   sucess--never give up." };

	for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
		cout << reshape(buf[i]) << "\n";
	}

	return 0;
}
//在此作答
char* reshape(char* str) {
	string s;
	char* p = str;
	int len = strlen(str);
	int i = 0, j = len - 1;
	char ans[100] = {0};
	while (i < len && str[i] == ' ') {
		i++;
		p++;
	}
	while (j >= 0 && str[j] == ' ') {
		str[j] = '\0';
		j--;
	}
	int index = 0;
	for (int k = i; k <= j; k++) {
		if (str[k] == ' ') {
			while (k + 1 <= j && str[k + 1] == ' ') {
				k++;
			}
			if (k + 1 < j) {
				str[index++] = str[k];
			}
		}
		else {
			str[index++] = str[k];
		}
	}
	str[index] = 0;

	return str;
}

二、深拷贝和赋值运算符重载

为 Master 类添加深拷贝的拷贝构造函数和赋值运算符

#include <iostream>
#include <cstring> 
using namespace std;
struct Master { //硕士研究生类
	char name[256]; //研究生姓名
	char* pSupervisor; //导师姓名
	Master(const char* _name = "", const char* _supervisor = "") {
		strcpy(this->name, _name);
		pSupervisor = new char[256];
		strcpy(pSupervisor, _supervisor);
	}
	virtual ~Master() { //虚析构函数
		delete[] pSupervisor;
	}
	//在此作答
	// 深拷贝的拷贝构造函数
	Master(const Master& m) {
		strcpy(this->name, m.name);
		pSupervisor = new char[256];
		strcpy(pSupervisor, m.pSupervisor);
	}
	// 赋值运算符
	Master operator=(const Master& m) {
		if (&m != this) {
			strcpy(this->name, m.name);
			pSupervisor = new char[256];
			strcpy(pSupervisor, m.pSupervisor);
		}
		return *this;
	}

};
void print(const Master& stu) {
	cout << stu.name << " <- " << stu.pSupervisor << endl;
}

int main() {
	Master stu1("Tony", "Ada Lovelace");
	print(stu1);
	Master stu2 = stu1; //调用拷贝构造函数
	strcpy(stu2.name, "Mary");
	strcpy(stu2.pSupervisor, "Alan Turing");
	print(stu2);
	Master stu3;
	stu3 = stu1; //调用赋值运算符
	strcpy(stu3.name, "Victor");
	strcpy(stu3.pSupervisor, "Nikola Tesla");
	print(stu3);

	/* 程序运行结果为：
	Tony <- Ada Lovelace
	Mary <- Alan Turing
	Victor <- Nikola Tesla
	*/

	return 0;
}

三、重载加号运算符和流插入运算符

运算符重载

1. 重载加号运算符实现 2 个 RMB(人民币)对象的加法运算
2. 重载流插入运算符实现将 RBM 对象按给定格式输出到输出流 ostream

#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
#include <fstream>
using namespace std;
typedef unsigned int u_int;
class RMB {
	int yuan, jiao, fen; //元角分
public:
	RMB(u_int _yuan = 0, u_int _jiao = 0, u_int
		_fen = 0) :yuan(_yuan), jiao(_jiao), fen(_fen) {
		cout << "[Constructor]创建 RBM 对象:" << yuan << "元" << jiao << "角" << fen << "分\n"; 
	}
	RMB(double rmb) { //转换构造函数
		yuan = (u_int)rmb;
		jiao = (u_int)(rmb * 10) % 10;
		fen = (u_int)(rmb * 100) % 10;
		cout << "[Conversion Constructor]创建 RBM 对象:" << yuan << "元"<<jiao<<"角"<<fen<<"分\n";
	}
	//在此添加部分代码
	// 重载加号运算符
	RMB operator+(const RMB& rmb) {
		int f = this->fen + rmb.fen;
		int j = this->jiao + rmb.jiao;
		int y = this->fen + rmb.fen;
		if (f >= 10) {
			f -= 10;
			j++;
		}
		if (j >= 10) {
			j -= 10;
			y++;
		}
		return RMB(y, j, f);
	}
	// 重载流插入运算符
	friend ostream& operator << (ostream& output, RMB& rmb) {
		output << rmb.yuan << " 元 " << rmb.jiao << " 角 " << rmb.fen << " 分\n";
		return output;
	}


}; //类定义结束
//在此作答
int main(int argc, char** argv) {
	RMB a(15, 7, 8);
	RMB b = 4.67;
	RMB c;
	c = a + b;
	//输出为"y 元 j 角 f 分"，请严格按照此格式
	cout << c << endl; //20 元 4 角 5 分

	ofstream out("out.txt");
	out << c << endl; //输出 RMB 对象到文件输出流
	out.close();
	return 0;
}