Dijkstra算法 java实现



import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Map.Entry;
/**
 * 
 * Dijkstra算法
 * 适用范围:没有权值为负数的边
 *
 */
// no negative weight
public class Code_06_Dijkstra {

	public static HashMap<Node, Integer> dijkstra1(Node head) {
		HashMap<Node, Integer> distanceMap = new HashMap<>();
		distanceMap.put(head, 0);
		HashSet<Node> selectedNodes = new HashSet<>();

		Node minNode = getMinDistanceAndUnselectedNode(distanceMap, selectedNodes);
		while (minNode != null) {
			int distance = distanceMap.get(minNode);
			for (Edge edge : minNode.edges) {
				Node toNode = edge.to;
				if (!distanceMap.containsKey(toNode)) {
					distanceMap.put(toNode, distance + edge.weight);
				}
				distanceMap.put(edge.to, Math.min(distanceMap.get(toNode), distance + edge.weight));
			}
			selectedNodes.add(minNode);
			minNode = getMinDistanceAndUnselectedNode(distanceMap, selectedNodes);
		}
		return distanceMap;
	}

	public static Node getMinDistanceAndUnselectedNode(HashMap<Node, Integer> distanceMap, 
			HashSet<Node> touchedNodes) {
		Node minNode = null;
		int minDistance = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
		for (Entry<Node, Integer> entry : distanceMap.entrySet()) {
			Node node = entry.getKey();
			int distance = entry.getValue();
			if (!touchedNodes.contains(node) && distance < minDistance) {
				minNode = node;
				minDistance = distance;
			}
		}
		return minNode;
	}

	public static class NodeRecord {
		public Node node;
		public int distance;

		public NodeRecord(Node node, int distance) {
			this.node = node;
			this.distance = distance;
		}
	}

	public static class NodeHeap {
		private Node[] nodes;
		private HashMap<Node, Integer> heapIndexMap;
		private HashMap<Node, Integer> distanceMap;
		private int size;

		public NodeHeap(int size) {
			nodes = new Node[size];
			heapIndexMap = new HashMap<>();
			distanceMap = new HashMap<>();
			this.size = 0;
		}

		public boolean isEmpty() {
			return size == 0;
		}

		public void addOrUpdateOrIgnore(Node node, int distance) {
			if (inHeap(node)) {
				distanceMap.put(node, Math.min(distanceMap.get(node), distance));
				insertHeapify(node, heapIndexMap.get(node));
			}
			if (!isEntered(node)) {
				nodes[size] = node;
				heapIndexMap.put(node, size);
				distanceMap.put(node, distance);
				insertHeapify(node, size++);
			}
		}

		public NodeRecord pop() {
			NodeRecord nodeRecord = new NodeRecord(nodes[0], distanceMap.get(nodes[0]));
			swap(0, size - 1);
			heapIndexMap.put(nodes[size - 1], -1);
			distanceMap.remove(nodes[size - 1]);
			nodes[size - 1] = null;
			heapify(0, --size);
			return nodeRecord;
		}

		private void insertHeapify(Node node, int index) {
			while (distanceMap.get(nodes[index]) < distanceMap.get(nodes[(index - 1) / 2])) {
				swap(index, (index - 1) / 2);
				index = (index - 1) / 2;
			}
		}

		private void heapify(int index, int size) {
			int left = index * 2 + 1;
			while (left < size) {
				int smallest = left + 1 < size && distanceMap.get(nodes[left + 1]) < distanceMap.get(nodes[left])
						? left + 1 : left;
				smallest = distanceMap.get(nodes[smallest]) < distanceMap.get(nodes[index]) ? smallest : index;
				if (smallest == index) {
					break;
				}
				swap(smallest, index);
				index = smallest;
				left = index * 2 + 1;
			}
		}

		private boolean isEntered(Node node) {
			return heapIndexMap.containsKey(node);
		}

		private boolean inHeap(Node node) {
			return isEntered(node) && heapIndexMap.get(node) != -1;
		}

		private void swap(int index1, int index2) {
			heapIndexMap.put(nodes[index1], index2);
			heapIndexMap.put(nodes[index2], index1);
			Node tmp = nodes[index1];
			nodes[index1] = nodes[index2];
			nodes[index2] = tmp;
		}
	}

	public static HashMap<Node, Integer> dijkstra2(Node head, int size) {
		NodeHeap nodeHeap = new NodeHeap(size);
		nodeHeap.addOrUpdateOrIgnore(head, 0);
		HashMap<Node, Integer> result = new HashMap<>();
		while (!nodeHeap.isEmpty()) {
			NodeRecord record = nodeHeap.pop();
			Node cur = record.node;
			int distance = record.distance;
			for (Edge edge : cur.edges) {
				nodeHeap.addOrUpdateOrIgnore(edge.to, edge.weight + distance);
			}
			result.put(cur, distance);
		}
		return result;
	}

}

 

Dijkstra算法是一种用于寻找图中两点之间最短路径的贪心算法,通常用于解决单源最短路径问题。在Java实现Dijkstra算法,你可以按照以下步骤进行: 1. 初始化:创建一个优先队列(通常使用`PriorityQueue`或自定义最小堆),存储顶点和它们的距离(初始时距离为无穷大,源节点距离为0)。 2. 创建邻接表或邻接矩阵表示图。 3. 主循环: a. 从队列中取出当前最短距离的节点。 b. 更新与其相邻节点的距离,如果通过当前节点到达更短,更新距离,并标记该节点已访问。 c. 将未访问的邻居节点加入队列。 4. 当队列为空或找到目标节点时,算法结束。此时队列中的最后一个元素即为目标节点,且所有节点的距离值即是最短路径。 以下是简单的Java代码实现: ```java import java.util.*; public class Dijkstra { private final int V; // 图的顶点数 private List<List<Edge>> adj; // 邻接列表 private int[] dist; // 存储每个节点到源的距离 // 边类,包含起点、终点和权重 class Edge implements Comparable<Edge> { int src, dest, weight; public Edge(int src, int dest, int weight) { this.src = src; this.dest = dest; this.weight = weight; } @Override public int compareTo(Edge other) { return Integer.compare(this.weight, other.weight); } } public Dijkstra(int v, List<List<Edge>> adj) { this.V = v; this.adj = adj; dist = new int[V]; Arrays.fill(dist, Integer.MAX_VALUE); dist = 0; } // Dijkstra算法核心部分 public void dijkstra() { PriorityQueue<Edge> pq = new PriorityQueue<>(); pq.add(new Edge(0, 0, 0)); // 元素为 (距离, 节点, 来源) while (!pq.isEmpty()) { Edge curr = pq.poll(); int u = curr.dest; // 当前节点 if (dist[u] < curr.weight) continue; // 已经找到更短路径,跳过 for (Edge e : adj.get(u)) { int v = e.dest, alt = dist[u] + e.weight; if (alt < dist[v]) { dist[v] = alt; pq.removeIf(edge -> edge.src == v); // 如果找到更短路径,移除旧路径 pq.offer(new Edge(v, alt, u)); // 添加新路径 } } } } // 返回源节点到所有其他节点的最短距离 public int[] printDistances() { return dist; } // 示例用法 public static void main(String[] args) { List<List<Edge>> adj = new ArrayList<>(); // 图的邻接列表构建 // 填充邻接列表... Dijkstra dijkstraAlg = new Dijkstra(V, adj); dijkstraAlg.dijkstra(); int[] shortestDist = dijkstraAlg.printDistances(); } } ```
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