专业英语历年题

一、专业词汇或短语中英文互译

1.GUI 图形用户界面
2.IP 网际互联协议
3.HTML 超文本标记语言
4.SQL 结构化查询语言
5.Integrated 融合的
6.Architecture 建筑学，体系结构，（总体、层次）结构
7.Perception 洞察力
8.Rationality 理性
9.Tag 标签
10.Connectivity 连接性
11.Migration transparency 迁移透明性
12.Interoperability and portability 互操作性和可移植性
13.Object-oriented 面向对象
14.云计算 cloud computing
15.虚拟化 virtualization
16.人工智能 Artificial intelligence
17.虚拟机 virtual machine
18.搜索引擎 Search engine
19.物联网 The Internet of things
20.分布式系统 Distributed system

二、单选题

3.A B is a set of rules that controls the interaction of different devices in a network internet work. (A是一组规则，控制网络互联网工作中不同设备的交互。 )

A.model 模型 B.protocol 协议 C.dialog 对话框 D.query查询

4.When power is removed,information in the RAM will B . （断电时，RAM中的信息将）

A.Reliable 可靠的 B.lost 丢失的 C.manipulated被操纵 D.remain保持

5.The control unit fetches A from memory and decodes them. (控制单元从内存中取出并解码。)

A.data 数据 B.information 信息 C.results 结果 D.instructions 指示

6.A B copy is a copy of a current file made in order to protect against loss or damage. (副本是为防止丢失或损坏而制作的当前文件的副本。)

A.Hard 难的 B.backup 备份 C.soft柔软的 D.file 文件

7. To access a page on the WWW. one needs a D that usually consists of parts as follows: User Interface、Browser engine、Rendering engine、Networking、JavaScript Interpreter etc. （访问 WWW上的页面。需要一个通常由以下几部分组成：用户界面、浏览器引擎、渲染引擎、网络、JavaScript 解释器等。）

A.Router路由器 B.code代码 C.password密码 D.browser 浏览器

8. D is a storage location inside the processor. 是处理器内部的存储位置。

A.register注册 B.ALU 算术逻辑单元 C.Control控制 D.Memory存储器

9. The C serves as an interface between hardware and software. 用作硬件和软件之间的接口。

A.System系统 B.application program应用程序 C.operating system操作系统 D.control unit控制单元

10. A processor is composed of two functional units, they are C . 一个处理器由两个功能单元组成，它们是。

A.an arithmetic/logic unit and a storage unit 算术/逻辑单元和存储单元

B.a control unit and some registers 一个控制单元和一些寄存器

C.a control unit and an arithmetic/logic unit 一个控制单元和一个算术/逻辑单元

D.some registers an arithmetic/logic unit\ 一些寄存器算术/逻辑单元

三、段落翻译

1.Microsoft.NET supports not only language independence,but also language integration.This means that you can inherit from
classes,catch exceptions,and take advantage of polymorphism（多态的）across
different languages.The.NET Framework makes this possible with a
specification called the Common Type System(CTS)that all. NET
components must obey.For example,everything in.NET is an object of a
specific class that derives from the root class called
System.Object.The CTS supports the general concept of
classes,interfaces,delegates (成员)reference types,and value types.
翻译：
Microsoft.NET 不仅支持语言独立，还支持语言集成。这意味着您可以从类继承，捕获异常，并利用跨不同语言的多态性（多态的）。NET
Framework 使这成为可能一个称为通用类型系统（CTS）的规范。 NET 组件必须遵守。例如，.NET 中的所有内容都是从名为
System.Object 的根类派生的特定类的对象。CTS 支持类、接口、委托（成员）引用类型和值的一般概念类型。

2.However,just discovering these and classifying them accurately and consistently into the taxonomy entails(使承担，使必须)significant human
effort.Furthermore,in order for a user to effectively discover web
pages classified into the nodes of the taxonomy tree, the user’s idea
of what sub-tree(s)to seek for a particular topic should match that of
the editors performing the classification.
翻译：
然而，仅仅发现这些并将它们准确一致地分类到分类中就需要（使承担，使必须）大量人力。此外，为了让用户有效地发现分类到分类树节点中的网页，用户对寻找特定主题的子树的想法应该与执行分类的编辑者的想法相匹配。

3.We have claimed that AI is exciting,but we have not said what it is.Definitions of artificial intelligence according to eight textbooks
are shown in Figure 1.These definitions vary along two main
dimensions.Roughly,the ones on top are concerned with thought
processes and reasoning,whereas the ones on the bottom address
behavior. 翻译：
我们声称人工智能是令人兴奋的，但我们没有说它是什么。根据八本教科书对人工智能的定义如图1所示。这些定义在两个主要维度上有所不同。大致上，最上面的那些关注的是思维过程和推理，而底部的那些处理行为。

4.The most important element for cloud computing is the server structure.This plays a major role as it is the brains behind the
entire processing environment.For cloud computing the hardware in the
server environment does not necessarily need to be high end.Rather,the
key benefit of this technology is the ability for an organization to
harness the power of cheap hardware on a larger scale as opposed to
using a smaller amount of servers that are higher grade in quality.
翻译：
云计算最重要的元素是服务器结构。这很重要，因为它是整个处理环境背后的大脑。对于云计算，服务器环境中的硬件不一定需要高端。相反，这项技术的主要好处是组织能够在更大范围内利用廉价硬件的力量，而不是使用质量更高的少量服务器。

5.Virtualization.in its broadest sense is the emulation of one or more workstations/servers,within a single physical computer.In other
words,it is the emulation of hardware within a sofware
platform.Virtualization is not only limited to the simulation of
entire machines.In fact there are many different kinds of
virtualization.One of these is in use by almost all modern machines
today and is referred to as virtual memory.Although the physical
locations of data may be scattered across a computers RAM and Hard
Drive,the process of virtual memory makes it appear that the data is
stored contiguously and in order. 翻译：
虚拟化。广义上是在单个物理计算机内模拟一个或多个工作站/服务器。换句话说，它是在软件平台内模拟硬件。虚拟化不仅限于模拟整个实际上有许多不同类型的虚拟化。当今几乎所有现代机器都在使用其中一种，称为虚拟内存。尽管数据的物理位置可能分散在计算机
RAM 和硬盘驱动器中，但虚拟内存的过程使数据看起来连续且有序地存储。

6.Indeed,with the benefit of integrated information processing,industrial products and everyday objects will take
on(承担，呈现，具有，接纳) smart characteristics and capabilities.They may also
take on electronic identities that can be queried remotely,or be
equipped with sensors for detecting physical changes around
them.Eventually,even particles as small as dust might be tagged and
networked.Such developments will turn the merely static objects of
today into newly dynamic things,embedding intelligence in our
environment,and stimulating the creation of
innovative(革新t的，创新的)products and entirely new services. 翻译：
借助信息集成的优势，工业产品将呈现（承担、处理、处理、处理、接收）智能特性。它们还可以具有可远程查询或配备的电子身份用传感器检测周围的物理变化。最终，即使是像灰尘一样小的颗粒也可能被标记和联网。这些发展将把今天单纯的静态物体变成新的动态事物，将智能嵌入我们的环境中，并激发创新的创造（创新的，创新的）产品和全新的服务。

7.How to establish this collaboration lies at the heart of developing distributed systems.Note that no assumptions are made conceming the
type of computers.In principle,even within a single system,they could
range from high-performance mainframe computers to small nodes in
sensor networks.Likewise,no assumptions are made on the way that
computers are interconnected. 翻译：
如何建立这种协作是开发分布式系统的核心。注意，没有对计算机类型做出任何假设。原则上，即使在单个系统中，它们的范围也可以从高性能大型计算机到小型节点。传感器网络。同样，对计算机互连的方式没有任何假设。