第六章、核心4：图解线程生命周期

1、有哪6种状态？

2、每个状态是什么含义？

• New：新建还未执行（start()）
• Runnable(可运行的)：调用了start方法后，就会变为Runnable状态
• Blocked：进入synchronized修饰的区域，同时锁被其他线程拿走
• Waiting：只能手工唤醒
• Timed Waiting：计时等待。等到固定time时间后，就可以被唤醒；或者通过手工唤醒2种方式都可以
• Terminated：程序正常执行完毕；或者出现没有被捕获的异常，中止了run方法

3、状态间的转化图示

3.1 代码示例

• NEW、RUNNABLE、Terminated

/**
 * NewRunnableTerminated
 *
 * @author venlenter
 * @Description: 展示线程的NEW、RUNNABLE、Terminated状态。即使是正在运行，也是Runnable状态，而不是Running
 * @since unknown, 2020-04-07
 */
public class NewRunnableTerminated implements Runnable{
    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
            System.out.println(i);
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Thread thread = new Thread(new NewRunnableTerminated());
        //打印出NEW的状态
        System.out.println(thread.getState());
        thread.start();
        System.out.println(thread.getState());
        try {
            Thread.sleep(10);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        //打印出RUNNABLE的状态，即使是正在运行，也是RUNNABLE，而不是RUNNING
        System.out.println(thread.getState());
        try {
            Thread.sleep(100);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        //打印出TERMINATED状态
        System.out.println(thread.getState());
    }
}
//输出结果
NEW
RUNNABLE
0
1
2
...
501
RUNNABLE
502
503
...
999
TERMINATED

• Blocked，Waiting，TimedWaiting

/**
 * BlockedWaitingTimedWaiting
 *
 * @author venlenter
 * @Description: 展示Blocked，Waiting，TimedWaiting
 * @since unknown, 2020-04-08
 */
public class BlockedWaitingTimedWaiting implements Runnable {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        BlockedWaitingTimedWaiting runnable = new BlockedWaitingTimedWaiting();
        Thread thread1 = new Thread(runnable);
        thread1.start();
        Thread thread2 = new Thread(runnable);
        thread2.start();
        try {
            Thread.sleep(5);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        //打印出Timed_Waiting状态，因为正在执行Thread.sleep(1000);
        System.out.println(thread1.getState());
        //打印出BLOCKED状态，因为thread2想拿得到sync()的锁却拿不到
        System.out.println(thread2.getState());
        try {
            Thread.sleep(1300);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        //打印出WAITING状态，因为执行了wait()
        System.out.println(thread1.getState());
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        syn();
    }

    private synchronized void syn() {
        try {
            Thread.sleep(1000);
            wait();
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}
//输出结果
TIMED_WAITING
BLOCKED
WAITING

4、阻塞状态是什么？

• 一般习惯而言，把Blocked(被阻塞)、Waiting(等待)、Timed_waiting(计时等待)都称为阻塞状态
• 不仅仅是Blocked

5、常见面试问题

• 线程有哪几种状态？生命周期是什么？