Shunting+yard -- RPN 算法

C \Code 

/* 当前日期: 2008-09-07 星期日 */

#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#define bool int
#define false 0
#define true 1

// operators
// precedence   operators       associativity
// 1            !               right to left
// 2            * / %           left to right
// 3            + -             left to right
// 4            =                right to left
int op_preced(const char c)
{
    switch(c)    {
        case '!':
            return 4;
        case '*':  case '/': case '%':
            return 3;
        case '+': case '-':
            return 2;
        case '=':
            return 1;
    }
    return 0;
}

bool op_left_assoc(const char c)
{
    switch(c)    {
        // left to right
        case '*': case '/': case '%': case '+': case '-':
            return true;
        // right to left
        case '=': case '!':
            return false;
    }
    return false;
}

unsigned int op_arg_count(const char c)
{
    switch(c)  {
        case '*': case '/': case '%': case '+': case '-': case '=':
            return 2;
        case '!':
            return 1;
        default:
            return c - 'A';
    }
    return 0;
}

#define is_operator(c)  (c == '+' || c == '-' || c == '/' || c == '*' || c == '!' || c == '%' || c == '=')
#define is_function(c)  (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z')
#define is_ident(c)     ((c >= '0' && c <= '9') || (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z'))

bool shunting_yard(const char *input, char *output)
{
    const char *strpos = input, *strend = input + strlen(input);
    char c, *outpos = output;

    char stack[32];       // operator stack
    unsigned int sl = 0;  // stack length
    char     sc;          // used for record stack element

    while(strpos < strend)   {
        // read one token from the input stream
        c = *strpos;
        if(c != ' ')    {
            // If the token is a number (identifier), then add it to the output queue.
            if(is_ident(c))  {
                *outpos = c; ++outpos;
            }
            // If the token is a function token, then push it onto the stack.
            else if(is_function(c))   {
                stack[sl] = c;
                ++sl;
            }
            // If the token is a function argument separator (e.g., a comma):
            else if(c == ',')   {
                bool pe = false;
                while(sl > 0)   {
                    sc = stack[sl - 1];
                    if(sc == '(')  {
                        pe = true;
                        break;
                    }
                    else  {
                        // Until the token at the top of the stack is a left parenthesis,
                        // pop operators off the stack onto the output queue.
                        *outpos = sc;
                        ++outpos;
                        sl--;
                    }
                }
                // If no left parentheses are encountered, either the separator was misplaced
                // or parentheses were mismatched.
                if(!pe)   {
                    printf("Error: separator or parentheses mismatched\n");
                    return false;
                }
            }
            // If the token is an operator, op1, then:
            else if(is_operator(c))  {
                while(sl > 0)    {
                    sc = stack[sl - 1];
                    // While there is an operator token, o2, at the top of the stack
                    // op1 is left-associative and its precedence is less than or equal to that of op2,
                    // or op1 is right-associative and its precedence is less than that of op2,
                    if(is_operator(sc) &&
                        ((op_left_assoc(c) && (op_preced(c) <= op_preced(sc))) ||
                           (!op_left_assoc(c) && (op_preced(c) < op_preced(sc)))))   {
                        // Pop o2 off the stack, onto the output queue;
                        *outpos = sc;
                        ++outpos;
                        sl--;
                    }
                    else   {
                        break;
                    }
                }
                // push op1 onto the stack.
                stack[sl] = c;
                ++sl;
            }
            // If the token is a left parenthesis, then push it onto the stack.
            else if(c == '(')   {
                stack[sl] = c;
                ++sl;
            }
            // If the token is a right parenthesis:
            else if(c == ')')    {
                bool pe = false;
                // Until the token at the top of the stack is a left parenthesis,
                // pop operators off the stack onto the output queue
                while(sl > 0)     {
                    sc = stack[sl - 1];
                    if(sc == '(')    {
                        pe = true;
                        break;
                    }
                    else  {
                        *outpos = sc;
                        ++outpos;
                        sl--;
                    }
                }
                // If the stack runs out without finding a left parenthesis, then there are mismatched parentheses.
                if(!pe)  {
                    printf("Error: parentheses mismatched\n");
                    return false;
                }
                // Pop the left parenthesis from the stack, but not onto the output queue.
                sl--;
                // If the token at the top of the stack is a function token, pop it onto the output queue.
                if(sl > 0)   {
                    sc = stack[sl - 1];
                    if(is_function(sc))   {
                        *outpos = sc;
                        ++outpos;
                        sl--;
                    }
                }
            }
            else  {
                printf("Unknown token %c\n", c);
                return false; // Unknown token
            }
        }
        ++strpos;
    }
    // When there are no more tokens to read:
    // While there are still operator tokens in the stack:
    while(sl > 0)  {
        sc = stack[sl - 1];
        if(sc == '(' || sc == ')')   {
            printf("Error: parentheses mismatched\n");
            return false;
        }
        *outpos = sc;
        ++outpos;
        --sl;
    }
    *outpos = 0; // Null terminator
    return true;
}

bool execution_order(const char *input) {
    printf("order: (arguments in reverse order)\n");
    const char *strpos = input, *strend = input + strlen(input);
    char c, res[4];
    unsigned int sl = 0, sc, stack[32], rn = 0;
        // While there are input tokens left
    while(strpos < strend)  {
                // Read the next token from input.
        c = *strpos;
                // If the token is a value or identifier
        if(is_ident(c))    {
                        // Push it onto the stack.
            stack[sl] = c;
            ++sl;
        }
                // Otherwise, the token is an operator  (operator here includes both operators, and functions).
        else if(is_operator(c) || is_function(c))    {
                        sprintf(res, "_%02d", rn);
                        printf("%s = ", res);
                        ++rn;
                        // It is known a priori that the operator takes n arguments.
                        unsigned int nargs = op_arg_count(c);
                        // If there are fewer than n values on the stack
                        if(sl < nargs) {
                                // (Error) The user has not input sufficient values in the expression.
                                return false;
                        }
                        // Else, Pop the top n values from the stack.
                        // Evaluate the operator, with the values as arguments.
                        if(is_function(c)) {
                                printf("%c(", c);
                                while(nargs > 0) {
                                        sc = stack[sl - 1];
                                        sl--;
                                        if(nargs > 1)    {
                                                printf("%s, ", &sc);
                                        }
                                        else {
                                                printf("%s)\n",&sc);
                                        }
                                        --nargs;
                                }
                        }
                        else   {
                                if(nargs == 1) {
                                        sc = stack[sl - 1];
                                        sl--;
                                        printf("%c %s;\n", c, &sc);
                                }
                                else   {
                                        sc = stack[sl - 1];
                                        sl--;
                                        printf("%s %c ", &sc, c);
                                        sc = stack[sl - 1];
                                        sl--;
                                        printf("%s;\n",&sc);
                                }
                        }
                        // Push the returned results, if any, back onto the stack.
            stack[sl] = *(unsigned int*)res;
            ++sl;
        }
        ++strpos;
    }
        // If there is only one value in the stack
        // That value is the result of the calculation.
        if(sl == 1) {
                sc = stack[sl - 1];
                sl--;
                printf("%s is a result\n", &sc);
                return true;
        }
        // If there are more values in the stack
        // (Error) The user input has too many values.
        return false;
}

int main() {
    // functions: A() B(a) C(a, b), D(a, b, c) ...
    // identifiers: 0 1 2 3 ... and a b c d e ...
    // operators: = - + / * % !
    const char *input = "a = D(f - b * c + d, !e, g)";
    //const char *input = "a*(((b+c)*d-e+)/g-h)+i*j";
    char output[128];
    printf("input: %s\n", input);
    if(shunting_yard(input, output))    {
        printf("output: %s\n", output);
        if(!execution_order(output))
            printf("\nInvalid input\n");
    }
    return 0;
}