Mysql --分区表的管理与维护

最新推荐文章于 2024-05-05 13:31:50 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-05-05 13:31:50 发布

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改变一个表的分区方案只需使用alter table 加 partition_options 子句就可以了。和创建分区表时的create table语句很像

创建表

CREATE TABLE trb3 (id INT, name VARCHAR(50), purchased DATE)
    PARTITION BY RANGE( YEAR(purchased) ) (
        PARTITION p0 VALUES LESS THAN (1990),
        PARTITION p1 VALUES LESS THAN (1995),
        PARTITION p2 VALUES LESS THAN (2000),
        PARTITION p3 VALUES LESS THAN (2005)
    );

创建插入数据存储过程

delimiter $$
drop procedure if exists pr_trb3$$
create procedure pr_trb3(in begindate date,in enddate date,in tabname varchar(40))
begin
    while begindate<enddate
    do
        set @s=concat_ws(' ','insert into',tabname,'values(1,''fanboshi'',''',begindate,''')');
        prepare stmt from @s;
        execute stmt;
        drop prepare stmt;
        set begindate = date_add(begindate,interval 1 day);
    end while;
end$$

delimiter ;

调用存储过程插入数据

call pr_trb3('1985-01-01','2004-12-31','trb3');

查看数据分布

select 
  partition_name part,  
  partition_expression expr,  
  partition_description descr,  
  table_rows  
from information_schema.partitions  where 
  table_schema = schema()  
  and table_name='trb3';
+------+------------------+-------+------------+
| part | expr             | descr | table_rows |
+------+------------------+-------+------------+
| p0   |  YEAR(purchased) | 1990  |       1826 |
| p1   |  YEAR(purchased) | 1995  |       1826 |
| p2   |  YEAR(purchased) | 2000  |       1826 |
| p3   |  YEAR(purchased) | 2005  |       1826 |
+------+------------------+-------+------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

改变分区方案

mysql> ALTER TABLE trb3 PARTITION BY KEY(id) PARTITIONS 4;
Query OK, 7304 rows affected (0.07 sec)
Records: 7304  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

查看数据

select 
  partition_name part,  
  partition_expression expr,  
  partition_description descr,  
  table_rows  
from information_schema.partitions  where 
  table_schema = schema()  
  and table_name='trb3';
+------+------+-------+------------+
| part | expr | descr | table_rows |
+------+------+-------+------------+
| p0   | `id` | NULL  |       7472 |
| p1   | `id` | NULL  |          0 |
| p2   | `id` | NULL  |          0 |
| p3   | `id` | NULL  |          0 |
+------+------+-------+------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select 1826*4;
+--------+
| 1826*4 |
+--------+
|   7304 |
+--------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

count(*)行数一致，说明数据没出问题，但是information_schema.partitions查出来的不对~~，这就不知道为什么了~~

For partitioned InnoDB tables, the row count given in the TABLE_ROWS column of the INFORMATION_SCHEMA.PARTITIONS table is only an estimated value used in SQL optimization, and is not always exact.

mysql> select count(*) from trb3;
+----------+
| count(*) |
+----------+
|     7304 |
+----------+
但是count(*)还是7304，什么鬼

再次改变分区方案

ALTER TABLE trb3 
    PARTITION BY RANGE( YEAR(purchased) ) (
        PARTITION p0 VALUES LESS THAN (1990),
        PARTITION p1 VALUES LESS THAN (1995),
        PARTITION p2 VALUES LESS THAN (2000),
        PARTITION p3 VALUES LESS THAN (2005)
    );

mysql> select 
    ->   partition_name part,  
    ->   partition_expression expr,  
    ->   partition_description descr,  
    ->   table_rows  
    -> from information_schema.partitions  where 
    ->   table_schema = schema()  
    ->   and table_name='trb3';
+------+------------------+-------+------------+
| part | expr             | descr | table_rows |
+------+------------------+-------+------------+
| p0   |  YEAR(purchased) | 1990  |       1826 |
| p1   |  YEAR(purchased) | 1995  |       1826 |
| p2   |  YEAR(purchased) | 2000  |          0 |
| p3   |  YEAR(purchased) | 2005  |          0 |
+------+------------------+-------+------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

~~丢数据了。。~~
更正，实际没丢，这个information_shcema.partitions表有延迟，过一会再查就好了

mysql> select 
    ->   partition_name part,  
    ->   partition_expression expr,  
    ->   partition_description descr,  
    ->   table_rows  
    -> from information_schema.partitions  where 
    ->   table_schema = schema()  
    ->   and table_name='trb3';
+------+------------------+-------+------------+
| part | expr             | descr | table_rows |
+------+------------------+-------+------------+
| p0   |  YEAR(purchased) | 1990  |       1826 |
| p1   |  YEAR(purchased) | 1995  |       1826 |
| p2   |  YEAR(purchased) | 2000  |       1826 |
| p3   |  YEAR(purchased) | 2005  |       1826 |
+------+------------------+-------+------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

官方文档说：
This has the same effect on the structure of the table as dropping the table and re-creating it using CREATE TABLE trb3 PARTITION BY KEY(id) PARTITIONS 2;
就是说ALTER TABLE trb3 PARTITION BY与 drop table然后重新create table trb3 partition by key(id) partitions 2一样呢。

改存储引擎，和普通表没啥区别

mysql> drop table trb3;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> CREATE TABLE trb3 (id INT, name VARCHAR(50), purchased DATE)
    ->     PARTITION BY RANGE( YEAR(purchased) ) (
    ->         PARTITION p0 VALUES LESS THAN (1990),
    ->         PARTITION p1 VALUES LESS THAN (1995),
    ->         PARTITION p2 VALUES LESS THAN (2000),
    ->         PARTITION p3 VALUES LESS THAN (2005)
    ->     );
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)

mysql> call pr_trb3('1985-01-01','2004-12-31','trb3');
Query OK, 0 rows affected (1.69 sec)

mysql> select 
    ->   partition_name part,  
    ->   partition_expression expr,  
    ->   partition_description descr,  
    ->   table_rows  
    -> from information_schema.partitions  where 
    ->   table_schema = schema()  
    ->   and table_name='trb3';
+------+------------------+-------+------------+
| part | expr             | descr | table_rows |
+------+------------------+-------+------------+
| p0   |  YEAR(purchased) | 1990  |       1826 |
| p1   |  YEAR(purchased) | 1995  |       1826 |
| p2   |  YEAR(purchased) | 2000  |       1826 |
| p3   |  YEAR(purchased) | 2005  |       1826 |
+------+------------------+-------+------------+
4 rows in set (0.01 sec)

mysql> alter table trb3 engine=myisam;
Query OK, 7304 rows affected (0.02 sec)
Records: 7304  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

mysql> select 
    ->   partition_name part,  
    ->   partition_expression expr,  
    ->   partition_description descr,  
    ->   table_rows  
    -> from information_schema.partitions  where 
    ->   table_schema = schema()  
    ->   and table_name='trb3';
+------+------------------+-------+------------+
| part | expr             | descr | table_rows |
+------+------------------+-------+------------+
| p0   |  YEAR(purchased) | 1990  |       1826 |
| p1   |  YEAR(purchased) | 1995  |       1826 |
| p2   |  YEAR(purchased) | 2000  |       1826 |
| p3   |  YEAR(purchased) | 2005  |       1826 |
+------+------------------+-------+------------+
4 rows in set (0.01 sec)

mysql> show create table trb3\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
       Table: trb3
Create Table: CREATE TABLE `trb3` (
  `id` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `name` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL,
  `purchased` date DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
/*!50100 PARTITION BY RANGE ( YEAR(purchased))
(PARTITION p0 VALUES LESS THAN (1990) ENGINE = MyISAM,
 PARTITION p1 VALUES LESS THAN (1995) ENGINE = MyISAM,
 PARTITION p2 VALUES LESS THAN (2000) ENGINE = MyISAM,
 PARTITION p3 VALUES LESS THAN (2005) ENGINE = MyISAM) */
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

将表由分区表改为非分区表

mysql> alter table trb3 remove partitioning;
Query OK, 7304 rows affected (0.01 sec)
Records: 7304  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

mysql> select 
    ->   partition_name part,  
    ->   partition_expression expr,  
    ->   partition_description descr,  
    ->   table_rows  
    -> from information_schema.partitions  where 
    ->   table_schema = schema()  
    ->   and table_name='trb3';
+------+------+-------+------------+
| part | expr | descr | table_rows |
+------+------+-------+------------+
| NULL | NULL | NULL  |       7304 |
+------+------+-------+------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> show create table trb3\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
       Table: trb3
Create Table: CREATE TABLE `trb3` (
  `id` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `name` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL,
  `purchased` date DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

Range List分区管理

mysql> drop table trb3;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> CREATE TABLE trb3 (id INT, name VARCHAR(50), purchased DATE)
    ->     PARTITION BY RANGE( YEAR(purchased) ) (
    ->         PARTITION p0 VALUES LESS THAN (1990),
    ->         PARTITION p1 VALUES LESS THAN (1995),
    ->         PARTITION p2 VALUES LESS THAN (2000),
    ->         PARTITION p3 VALUES LESS THAN (2005)
    ->     );
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)

mysql> call pr_trb3('1985-01-01','2004-12-31','trb3');
Query OK, 0 rows affected (1.75 sec)

mysql> select 
    ->   partition_name part,  
    ->   partition_expression expr,  
    ->   partition_description descr,  
    ->   table_rows  
    -> from information_schema.partitions  where 
    ->   table_schema = schema()  
    ->   and table_name='trb3';
+------+------------------+-------+------------+
| part | expr             | descr | table_rows |
+------+------------------+-------+------------+
| p0   |  YEAR(purchased) | 1990  |       1826 |
| p1   |  YEAR(purchased) | 1995  |       1826 |
| p2   |  YEAR(purchased) | 2000  |       1826 |
| p3   |  YEAR(purchased) | 2005  |       1826 |
+------+------------------+-------+------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

增加分区

mysql> alter table trb3 add partition (partition p5 values less than(2010));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

合并分区

mysql> alter table trb3 reorganize partition p3,p5 into(partition p5 values less than(2010));
Query OK, 1826 rows affected (0.03 sec)
Records: 1826  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

mysql> select 
    ->   partition_name part,  
    ->   partition_expression expr,  
    ->   partition_description descr,  
    ->   table_rows  
    -> from information_schema.partitions  where 
    ->   table_schema = schema()  
    ->   and table_name='trb3';
+------+------------------+-------+------------+
| part | expr             | descr | table_rows |
+------+------------------+-------+------------+
| p0   |  YEAR(purchased) | 1990  |       1826 |
| p1   |  YEAR(purchased) | 1995  |       1826 |
| p2   |  YEAR(purchased) | 2000  |       1826 |
| p5   |  YEAR(purchased) | 2010  |       1826 |
+------+------------------+-------+------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

分裂分区

mysql> ALTER TABLE trb3 REORGANIZE PARTITION p5 INTO (
    ->     PARTITION p3 VALUES LESS THAN (2005),
    ->     PARTITION p4 VALUES LESS THAN (2010)
    -> );
Query OK, 1826 rows affected (0.04 sec)
Records: 1826  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

select 
  partition_name part,  
  partition_expression expr,  
  partition_description descr,  
  table_rows  
from information_schema.partitions  where 
  table_schema = schema()  
  and table_name='trb3';
+------+------------------+-------+------------+
| part | expr             | descr | table_rows |
+------+------------------+-------+------------+
| p0   |  YEAR(purchased) | 1990  |       1826 |
| p1   |  YEAR(purchased) | 1995  |       1826 |
| p2   |  YEAR(purchased) | 2000  |       1826 |
| p3   |  YEAR(purchased) | 2005  |       1826 |
| p4   |  YEAR(purchased) | 2010  |          0 |
+------+------------------+-------+------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

HASH KEY分区

CREATE TABLE trb3 (id INT, name VARCHAR(50), purchased DATE)
    PARTITION BY hash( YEAR(purchased) ) 
    partitions 12;

mysql>call pr_trb3('1985-01-01','2004-12-31','trb3');

select 
  partition_name part,  
  partition_expression expr,  
  partition_description descr,  
  table_rows  
from information_schema.partitions  where 
  table_schema = schema()  
  and table_name='trb3';
+------+------------------+-------+------------+
| part | expr             | descr | table_rows |
+------+------------------+-------+------------+
| p0   |  YEAR(purchased) | NULL  |        731 |
| p1   |  YEAR(purchased) | NULL  |        365 |
| p2   |  YEAR(purchased) | NULL  |        365 |
| p3   |  YEAR(purchased) | NULL  |        365 |
| p4   |  YEAR(purchased) | NULL  |        366 |
| p5   |  YEAR(purchased) | NULL  |        730 |
| p6   |  YEAR(purchased) | NULL  |        730 |
| p7   |  YEAR(purchased) | NULL  |        730 |
| p8   |  YEAR(purchased) | NULL  |        732 |
| p9   |  YEAR(purchased) | NULL  |        730 |
| p10  |  YEAR(purchased) | NULL  |        730 |
| p11  |  YEAR(purchased) | NULL  |        730 |
+------+------------------+-------+------------+
12 rows in set (0.00 sec)

缩建分区从12个到8个

mysql> ALTER TABLE trb3 COALESCE PARTITION 4;
Query OK, 7304 rows affected (0.13 sec)
Records: 7304  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

select 
  partition_name part,  
  partition_expression expr,  
  partition_description descr,  
  table_rows  
from information_schema.partitions  where 
  table_schema = schema()  
  and table_name='trb3';
+------+------------------+-------+------------+
| part | expr             | descr | table_rows |
+------+------------------+-------+------------+
| p0   |  YEAR(purchased) | NULL  |        732 |
| p1   |  YEAR(purchased) | NULL  |       1095 |
| p2   |  YEAR(purchased) | NULL  |       1095 |
| p3   |  YEAR(purchased) | NULL  |       1095 |
| p4   |  YEAR(purchased) | NULL  |       1097 |
| p5   |  YEAR(purchased) | NULL  |        730 |
| p6   |  YEAR(purchased) | NULL  |        730 |
| p7   |  YEAR(purchased) | NULL  |        730 |
+------+------------------+-------+------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)


mysql> select count(*) from trb3;
+----------+
| count(*) |
+----------+
|     7304 |
+----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

没丢数据

收缩前2004年在P0

mysql> select mod(2004,12);
+--------------+
| mod(2004,12) |
+--------------+
|            0 |
+--------------+

收缩后2004年在P4

mysql> select mod(2004,8);
+-------------+
| mod(2004,8) |
+-------------+
|           4 |
+-------------+

Exchanging Partitions and Subpartitions with Tables

分区(子分区)交换

 ALTER TABLE pt EXCHANGE PARTITION p WITH TABLE nt

pt是一个分区表，p是pt的分区或子分区，而nt是一个非分区表

限制条件:

1.表nt不是分区表
2.表nt不是临时表
3.表pt和nt结构在其他方面是相同的
4.表n没有外键约束，也没有其他表引用它的列为外键
5.表nt的所有行都包含在表p的分区范围内(比如p range分区最大values less than 10，那么表nt不能有大于等于10的值)

权限:

除了 ALTER, INSERT, and CREATE 权限外，你还要有DROP权限才能执行ALTER TABLE … EXCHANGE PARTITION.

其他注意事项:

1.执行ALTER TABLE … EXCHANGE PARTITION 不会调用任何在nt表和p表上的触发器
2.在交换表中的任何AUTO_INCREMENT列会被reset
3.IGNORE关键字在执行ALTER TABLE … EXCHANGE PARTITION时会失效

完整实例语句如下:

ALTER TABLE pt 
    EXCHANGE PARTITION p 
    WITH TABLE nt;

在一次ALTER TABLE EXCHANGE PARTITION 中，只能有一个分区和一个非分区表被交换
想交换多个，就执行多次ALTER TABLE EXCHANGE PARTITION
任何MySQL支持的分区类型都可以进行交换

交换实例

CREATE TABLE e (
    id INT NOT NULL,
    fname VARCHAR(30),
    lname VARCHAR(30)
)
    PARTITION BY RANGE (id) (
        PARTITION p0 VALUES LESS THAN (50),
        PARTITION p1 VALUES LESS THAN (100),
        PARTITION p2 VALUES LESS THAN (150),
        PARTITION p3 VALUES LESS THAN (MAXVALUE)
);

INSERT INTO e VALUES 
    (1669, "Jim", "Smith"),
    (337, "Mary", "Jones"),
    (16, "Frank", "White"),
    (2005, "Linda", "Black");

创建一个与e结构一样的非分区表e2

mysql> create table e2 like e;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> show create table e2\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
       Table: e2
Create Table: CREATE TABLE `e2` (
  `id` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `fname` varchar(30) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lname` varchar(30) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
/*!50100 PARTITION BY RANGE (id)
(PARTITION p0 VALUES LESS THAN (50) ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p1 VALUES LESS THAN (100) ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p2 VALUES LESS THAN (150) ENGINE = InnoDB,
 PARTITION p3 VALUES LESS THAN MAXVALUE ENGINE = InnoDB) */
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> alter table e2 remove partitioning;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

mysql> show create table e2\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
       Table: e2
Create Table: CREATE TABLE `e2` (
  `id` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `fname` varchar(30) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lname` varchar(30) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

查看数据在e表中的分布:

select 
  partition_name part,  
  partition_expression expr,  
  partition_description descr,  
  table_rows  
from information_schema.partitions  where 
  table_schema = schema()  
  and table_name='e'
+------+------+----------+------------+
| part | expr | descr    | table_rows |
+------+------+----------+------------+
| p0   | id   | 50       |          1 |
| p1   | id   | 100      |          0 |
| p2   | id   | 150      |          0 |
| p3   | id   | MAXVALUE |          3 |
+------+------+----------+------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

将分区p0与e2表进行交换:

mysql> ALTER TABLE e EXCHANGE PARTITION p0 WITH TABLE e2;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

select 
  partition_name part,  
  partition_expression expr,  
  partition_description descr,  
  table_rows  
from information_schema.partitions  where 
  table_schema = schema()  
  and table_name='e';
+------+------+----------+------------+
| part | expr | descr    | table_rows |
+------+------+----------+------------+
| p0   | id   | 50       |          0 |
| p1   | id   | 100      |          0 |
| p2   | id   | 150      |          0 |
| p3   | id   | MAXVALUE |          3 |
+------+------+----------+------------+
4 rows in set (0.01 sec)

mysql> select * from e2;
+----+-------+-------+
| id | fname | lname |
+----+-------+-------+
| 16 | Frank | White |
+----+-------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

重做实验，这次在交换前在表e2中插入一些数据

mysql> insert into e2 values(16,'FAN','BOSHI');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> insert into e2 values(51,'DU','YALAN');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from e2;
+----+-------+-------+
| id | fname | lname |
+----+-------+-------+
| 16 | FAN   | BOSHI |
| 51 | DU    | YALAN |
+----+-------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> ALTER TABLE e EXCHANGE PARTITION p0 WITH TABLE e2;
ERROR 1737 (HY000): Found a row that does not match the partition

报错了，因为51超出了p0的范围。
如之前所说，此时使用IGNORE也无济于事

mysql> ALTER IGNORE TABLE e EXCHANGE PARTITION p0 WITH TABLE e2;
ERROR 1737 (HY000): Found a row that does not match the partition

修改id为49，这样就属于p0的范围了

mysql> update e2 set id=49 where id=51;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0

mysql> ALTER TABLE e EXCHANGE PARTITION p0 WITH TABLE e2;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> select 
    ->   partition_name part,  
    ->   partition_expression expr,  
    ->   partition_description descr,  
    ->   table_rows  
    -> from information_schema.partitions  where 
    ->   table_schema = schema()  
    ->   and table_name='e';
+------+------+----------+------------+
| part | expr | descr    | table_rows |
+------+------+----------+------------+
| p0   | id   | 50       |          2 |
| p1   | id   | 100      |          0 |
| p2   | id   | 150      |          0 |
| p3   | id   | MAXVALUE |          3 |
+------+------+----------+------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

e2的数据被交换到了p0中
mysql> select * from e partition(p0);
+----+-------+-------+
| id | fname | lname |
+----+-------+-------+
| 16 | FAN   | BOSHI |
| 49 | DU    | YALAN |
+----+-------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

e的p0分区中的数据被交换到了e2中
mysql> select * from e2;
+----+-------+-------+
| id | fname | lname |
+----+-------+-------+
| 16 | Frank | White |
+----+-------+-------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)

交换subpartition

CREATE TABLE es (
    id INT NOT NULL,
    fname VARCHAR(30),
    lname VARCHAR(30)
)
    PARTITION BY RANGE (id)
    SUBPARTITION BY KEY (lname)
    SUBPARTITIONS 2 (
        PARTITION p0 VALUES LESS THAN (50),
        PARTITION p1 VALUES LESS THAN (100),
        PARTITION p2 VALUES LESS THAN (150),
        PARTITION p3 VALUES LESS THAN (MAXVALUE)
    );


INSERT INTO es VALUES
    (1669, "Jim", "Smith"),
    (337, "Mary", "Jones"),
    (16, "Frank", "White"),
    (2005, "Linda", "Black");


CREATE TABLE es2 LIKE es;


ALTER TABLE es2 REMOVE PARTITIONING;

尽管我们没有显示的指定每个子分区的名字，我们仍可以通过information_schema.partitions表获取到子分区的名字

select 
  partition_name part, 
  subpartition_name, 
  partition_expression expr,  
  partition_description descr,  
  table_rows  
from information_schema.partitions  where 
  table_schema = schema()  
  and table_name='es';
+------+-------------------+------+----------+------------+
| part | subpartition_name | expr | descr    | table_rows |
+------+-------------------+------+----------+------------+
| p0   | p0sp0             | id   | 50       |          1 |
| p0   | p0sp1             | id   | 50       |          0 |
| p1   | p1sp0             | id   | 100      |          0 |
| p1   | p1sp1             | id   | 100      |          0 |
| p2   | p2sp0             | id   | 150      |          0 |
| p2   | p2sp1             | id   | 150      |          0 |
| p3   | p3sp0             | id   | MAXVALUE |          3 |
| p3   | p3sp1             | id   | MAXVALUE |          0 |
+------+-------------------+------+----------+------------+

接下来，开始将p3sp0和es进行交换

mysql> select * from es partition(p3sp0);
+------+-------+-------+
| id   | fname | lname |
+------+-------+-------+
| 1669 | Jim   | Smith |
|  337 | Mary  | Jones |
| 2005 | Linda | Black |
+------+-------+-------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> ALTER TABLE es EXCHANGE PARTITION p3sp0 WITH TABLE es2;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from es partition(p3sp0);
Empty set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from es2;
+------+-------+-------+
| id   | fname | lname |
+------+-------+-------+
| 1669 | Jim   | Smith |
|  337 | Mary  | Jones |
| 2005 | Linda | Black |
+------+-------+-------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

如果一个分区表有子分区，那么你只能以子分区为粒度进行交换，而不能直接交换子分区的父分区

mysql> ALTER TABLE es EXCHANGE PARTITION p3 WITH TABLE es2;
ERROR 1704 (HY000): Subpartitioned table, use subpartition instead of partition

EXCHANGE PARTITION有着严格的要求
两个将要交换的表的列名，列的创建顺序，列的数量，以及索引都要严格一致。当然存储引擎也要一致

mysql> desc es2;
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type        | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id    | int(11)     | NO   |     | NULL    |       |
| fname | varchar(30) | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| lname | varchar(30) | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> create index id_name on es2(id,fname);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

mysql> ALTER TABLE es EXCHANGE PARTITION p3sp0 WITH TABLE es2;
ERROR 1736 (HY000): Tables have different definitions

改变es2的存储引擎

mysql> drop index id_name on es2;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

mysql> alter table es2 engine=myisam;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

mysql> ALTER TABLE es EXCHANGE PARTITION p3sp0 WITH TABLE es2;
ERROR 1497 (HY000): The mix of handlers in the partitions is not allowed in this version of MySQL

分区表的维护

CHECK TABLE, OPTIMIZE TABLE, ANALYZE TABLE, and REPAIR TABLE可以被用于维护分区表

Rebuilding partitions.相当于将分区中的数据drop掉再插入回来,对于避免磁盘碎片很有效
Example:

ALTER TABLE t1 REBUILD PARTITION p0, p1;

Optimizing partitions.如果你的表增加删除了大量数据，或者进行了大量的边长列的更新操作( VARCHAR, BLOB, or TEXT columns)。那么optimize partition将回收未使用的空间，并整理分区数据文件。
Example:

ALTER TABLE t1 OPTIMIZE PARTITION p0, p1;

运行OPTIMIZE PARTITION 相当于做了 CHECK PARTITION, ANALYZE PARTITION, and REPAIR PARTITION

Some MySQL storage engines, including InnoDB, do not support per-partition optimization; in these cases, ALTER TABLE … OPTIMIZE PARTITION rebuilds the entire table. In MySQL 5.6.9 and later, running this statement on such a table causes the entire table to rebuilt and analyzed, and an appropriate warning to be issued. (Bug #11751825, Bug #42822) Use ALTER TABLE … REBUILD PARTITION and ALTER TABLE … ANALYZE PARTITION instead, to avoid this issue.

Analyzing partitions.读取并保存分区的键分布
Example:

ALTER TABLE t1 ANALYZE PARTITION p3;

Repairing partitions.修补被破坏的分区
Example:

ALTER TABLE t1 REPAIR PARTITION p0,p1;

Checking partitions.可以使用几乎与对非分区表使用CHECK TABLE 相同的方式检查分区。
Example:

ALTER TABLE trb3 CHECK PARTITION p1;

这个命令可以告诉你表trb3的分区p1中的数据或索引是否已经被破坏。如果发生了这种情况，使用“ALTER TABLE … REPAIR PARTITION”来修补该分区。

以上每个命令都支持将分区换成ALL

The use of mysqlcheck and myisamchk is not supported with partitioned tables.

mysqlcheck和myisamchk不支持分区表

你可以使用 ALTER TABLE … TRUNCATE PARTITION. 来删除一个或多个分区中的数据
如:ALTER TABLE … TRUNCATE PARTITION ALL删除所有数据

ANALYZE, CHECK, OPTIMIZE, REBUILD, REPAIR, and TRUNCATE 操作不支持 subpartitions.

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Mysql --分区表的管理与维护

改变一个表的分区方案只需使用alter table 加 partition_options 子句就可以了。和创建分区表时的create table语句很像创建表CREATE TABLE trb3 (id INT, name VARCHAR(50), purchased DATE) PARTITION BY RANGE( YEAR(purchased) ) ( PARTITIO
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