快速部署OpenStack的操作笔记（珍藏版）

• 摘 要

云计算已成为IT业界出现频率最高的热门词语之一。短短几年间，云计算已经从一个概念渐渐形成产品融入我们的日常生活中，让人不得不感慨这一波云计算浪潮的来势凶猛。OpenStack在过去一段时间以及可预测的未来一段时间，都会是云计算领域和开源世界的热门话题，引起全球IT界的广泛关注。在2012年的第四届中国云计算大会上，OpenStack技术的分会场被观众挤爆，可见其火热程度。这从一个侧面印证人们对云计算与OpenStack的热情。云计算是一种计算模型，它将诸如运算能力、存储、网络和软件等资源抽象成为服务，以便让用户通过互联网远程享用，付费的形式也如同传统公共服务设施一样。因需而定、提供方便、动态改变和无限的虚拟化扩展能力是云计算的几个重要特征，云计算的特点：超大规模、虚拟化、高可靠性、通用性、高可扩展性、按需服务、极其廉价。OpenStack既是一个社区，也是一个项目和一个开源软件，提供开放源码软件，建立公共和私有云，它提供了一个部署云的操作平台或工具集，其宗旨在于：帮助组织运行为虚拟计算或存储服务的云，为公有云、私有云，也为大云、小云提供可扩展的、灵活的云计算。OpenStack开源项目由社区维护，包括OpenStack计算（代号为Nova），OpenStack对象存储（代号为Swift），并OpenStack镜像服务（代号Glance）的集合。OpenStack提供了一个操作平台，或工具包，用于编排云。
关键词：云计算、云主机、Vmware、Openstack

• ABSTRACT

Cloud computing has become one of the most frequently used hot words in IT industry. In just a few years, cloud computing has gradually formed products from a concept into our daily life, people have to lament the ferocity of this wave of cloud computing. OpenStack has been a hot topic in cloud computing and the open source world for some time in the past and in the foreseeable future, which has attracted wide attention from the global IT community. At the 4th China Cloud Computing Congress in 2012, OpenStack Technology Branch was crowded by the audience, which shows its hot degree. This reflects people’s enthusiasm for cloud computing and OpenStack from one side.Cloud computing is a computing model, which abstracts resources such as computing power, storage, network and software into services, so that users can enjoy them remotely through the Internet. The form of payment is the same as traditional public service facilities. The characteristics of cloud computing are: super-large scale, virtualization, high reliability, versatility, high scalability, on-demand service and extremely cheap.OpenStack is not only a community, but also a project and an open source software. It provides open source software to build public and private clouds. It provides an operating platform or toolset for deploying clouds. Its purpose is to help organizations run clouds for virtual computing or storage services, to provide scalable and flexible cloud computing for public and private clouds, as well as for big and small clouds. OpenStack open source projects are maintained by the community, including OpenStack Computing (code Nova), OpenStack Object Storage (code Swift), and OpenStack Mirror Service (code Glance). OpenStack provides an operating platform, or toolkit, for orchestrating clouds.Keywords: cloud computing ; Cloud host; Vmware; OpenStack

1. 绪论
1.1 研究背景
OpenStack是一个由NASA（美国国家航空航天局）和Rackspace合作研发并发起的，以Apache许可证授权的自由软件和开放源代码项目。
1.2 研究意义
OpenStack是一个开源的云计算管理平台项目，由几个主要的组件组合起来完成具体工作。OpenStack支持几乎所有类型的云环境，项目目标是提供实施简单、可大规模扩展、丰富、标准统一的云计算管理平台。OpenStack通过各种互补的服务提供了基础设施即服务（IaaS）的解决方案，每个服务提供API以进行集成。
1.3 国内外发展现状
国内发展—增长迅速：中国云计算市场与全球云计算市场有很大的距离，只相当于全球900亿美元云计算市场的3%。中国的云计算由政府主导，作为发展经济的龙头得到了高度的重视，并会被应用到政府机构，教育机构，以及医疗，金融，和石化等传统行业。作为中国云计算的先行者阿里云，Baidu等公司在技术上和经营都取得了