211. 添加与搜索单词 - 数据结构设计 难度 中等

设计一个支持以下两种操作的数据结构：

void addWord(word)
bool search(word)

search(word) 可以搜索文字或正则表达式字符串，字符串只包含字母 . 或 a-z 。 . 可以表示任何一个字母。

示例:

addWord("bad")
addWord("dad")
addWord("mad")
search("pad") -> false
search("bad") -> true
search(".ad") -> true
search("b..") -> true

说明:

你可以假设所有单词都是由小写字母 a-z 组成的。

 

这道理两种做法，字典树或者前缀树。但是由于题目是考察前缀树的，所以字典树的时间效率很差。

字典树

class WordDictionary(object):

    def __init__(self):
        """
        Initialize your data structure here.
        """
        self.root = {}


    def addWord(self, word):
        """
        Adds a word into the data structure.
        :type word: str
        :rtype: None
        """
        tmp = self.root
        for i in word:
            if i not in tmp:
                tmp[i] = {}
            tmp = tmp[i]
        tmp['end'] = True


    def search(self, word):
        """
        Returns if the word is in the data structure. A word could contain the dot character '.' to represent any one letter.
        :type word: str
        :rtype: bool
        """
        def check(word, tmp):
            if word == '':
                if 'end' in tmp:
                    return True
                return False
            elif 'end' in tmp and len(tmp)==1:
                return False
            
            if word[0] in tmp and check(word[1:], tmp[word[0]]):
                return True
            if word[0] == '.':
                for i in tmp:
                    if i != 'end' and check(word[1:], tmp[i]):
                        return True
            return False
        return check(word, self.root)

前缀树

class WordDictionary(object):

    def __init__(self):
        """
        Initialize your data structure here.
        """
        from collections import defaultdict
        self.word_dict = defaultdict(list)
        

    def addWord(self, word):
        """
        Adds a word into the data structure.
        :type word: str
        :rtype: void
        """
        self.word_dict[len(word)].append(word)
        

    def search(self, word):
        """
        Returns if the word is in the data structure. A word could contain the dot character '.' to represent any one letter.
        :type word: str
        :rtype: bool
        """
        for item in self.word_dict[len(word)]:
            flag = False
            for x,y in zip(item,word):
                if y == "." or x == y:
                    continue
                else:
                    flag = True
                    break
            if not flag :
                return True
        return False