C#和VB.net语法对比图 | |
注释Comments | |
VB.NET
'Single line only REM Single line only
| C# // Single line /* Multiple line */ /// XML comments on single line /** XML comments on multiple lines */ |
数据类型 Data Types | |
VB.NET '值类型 Value Types Boolean Byte Char (example: "A") Short, Integer, Long Single, Double Decimal Date
'引用类型 Reference Types Object String Dim x As Integer System.Console.WriteLine(x.GetType()) System.Console.WriteLine(TypeName(x))
'类型转换 Type conversion Dim d As Single = 3.5 Dim i As Integer = CType(d, Integer) i = CInt(d) i = Int(d)
| C# //值类型 Value Types bool byte, sbyte char (example: ‘A‘) short, ushort, int, uint, long, ulong float, double decimal DateTime
//引用类型 Reference Types object string int x; Console.WriteLine(x.GetType()) Console.WriteLine(typeof(int)) //类型转换 Type conversion float d = 3.5; int i = (int) d |
常量 Constants | |
VB.NET Const MAX_AUTHORS As Integer = 25 ReadOnly MIN_RANK As Single = 5.0 | C# const int MAX_AUTHORS = 25; readonly float MIN_RANKING = 5.00f; |
枚举 Enumerations | |
VB.NET Start 'Stop是个关键字 Stop is a reserved word [Stop] Rewind Forward End Enum Enum Status Flunk = 50 Pass = 70 Excel = 90 End Enum Dim a As Action = Action.Stop If a <> Action.Start Then 'Prints "Stop is 1" System.Console.WriteLine(a.ToString & " is " & a) End If System.Console.WriteLine(Status.Pass) 'Prints Pass System.Console.WriteLine(Status.Pass.ToString())
| C# enum Action { Start, Stop, Rewind, Forward }; enum Status { Flunk = 50, Pass = 70, Excel = 90 };
Action a = Action.Stop; if (a != Action.Start) //Prints "Stop is 1" System.Console.WriteLine(a + " is " + (int)a); // Prints 70 System.Console.WriteLine((int)Status.Pass); // Prints Pass System.Console.WriteLine(Status.Pass); |
操作符 Operators | |
VB.NET
'比较运算符 Comparison = < > <= >= <> '数学运算符 Arithmetic + - * / Mod / (integer division) ^ (raise to a power) '赋值运算符 Assignment = += -= *= /= = ^= <<= >>= &= '按位运算符 Bitwise And AndAlso Or OrElse Not << >> '逻辑运算符 Logical And AndAlso Or OrElse Not '字符串运算符 String Concatenation &
| C#
//比较运算符Comparison == < > <= >= != //数学运算符Arithmetic + - * / % (mod) / (integer division if both operands are ints) Math.Pow(x, y) //赋值运算符 Assignment = += -= *= /= %= &= = ^= <<= >>= ++ -- //按位运算符 Bitwise & ^ ~ << >> //逻辑运算符 Logical && ! //字符串运算符 String Concatenation +
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选择语句 Choices | |
VB.NET
greeting = IIf(age < 20, "What‘s up?", "Hello")
'同一行不用”End If” One line doesn‘t require "End If", no "Else" If language = "VB.NET" Then langType = "verbose"
'Use: to put two commands on same line If x <> 100 And y < 5 Then x *= 5 : y *= 2
'Preferred If x <> 100 And y < 5 Then x *= 5 y *= 2 End If
'or to break up any long single command use _ If henYouHaveAReally < longLine And _ itNeedsToBeBrokenInto2 > Lines Then _ UseTheUnderscore(charToBreakItUp) If x > 5 Then x *= y ElseIf x = 5 Then x += y ElseIf x < 10 Then x -= y Else x /= y End If
'Must be a primitive data type Select Case color Case "black", "red" r += 1 Case "blue" b += 1 Case "green" g += 1 Case Else other += 1 End Select
| C#
greeting = age < 20 ? "What‘s up?" : "Hello";
if (x != 100 && y < 5) { // Multiple statements must be enclosed in {} x *= 5; y *= 2; }
if (x > 5) x *= y; else if (x == 5) x += y; else if (x < 10) x -= y; else x /= y;
//Must be integer or string switch (color) { case "black": case "red":r++; break; case "blue" break; case "green": g++; break; default: other++; break; } |
循环语句 Loops | |
VB.NET 'Pre-test Loops: While c < 10 c += 1 End While
Do Until c = 10 c += 1 Loop
'Post-test Loop: Do While c < 10 c += 1 Loop
For c = 2 To 10 Step 2 System.Console.WriteLine(c) Next
'Array or collection looping Dim names As String() = {"Steven", "SuOk", "Sarah"} For Each s As String In names System.Console.WriteLine(s) Next
| C# //Pre-test Loops: while (i < 10) i++;
//Post-test Loop: do i++; while (i < 10);
for (i = 2; i < = 10; i += 2) System.Console.WriteLine(i);
// Array or collection looping string[] names = {"Steven", "SuOk", "Sarah"}; foreach (string s in names) System.Console.WriteLine(s);
|
数组 Arrays | |
VB.NET Dim nums() As Integer = {1, 2, 3} For i As Integer = 0 To nums.Length - 1 Console.WriteLine(nums(i)) Next
'4 is the index of the last element, so it holds 5 elements Dim names(4) As String names(0) = "Steven" 'Throws System.IndexOutOfRangeException names(5) = "Sarah"
'Resize the array, keeping the existing 'values (Preserve is optional) ReDim Preserve names(6) Dim twoD(rows - 1, cols - 1) As Single twoD(2, 0) = 4.5
Dim jagged()() As Integer = { _ New Integer(4) {}, New Integer(1) {}, New Integer(2) {}} jagged(0)(4) = 5
| C# int[] nums = {1, 2, 3}; for (int i = 0; i < nums.Length; i++) Console.WriteLine(nums[i]);
// 5 is the size of the array string[] names = new string[5]; names[0] = "Steven"; // Throws System.IndexOutOfRangeException names[5] = "Sarah";
// C# can‘t dynamically resize an array. //Just copy into new array. string[] names2 = new string[7]; // or names.CopyTo(names2, 0); Array.Copy(names, names2, names.Length);
float[,] twoD = new float[rows, cols]; twoD[2,0] = 4.5f;
int[][] jagged = new int[3][] { new int[5], new int[2], new int[3] }; jagged[0][4] = 5;
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函数 Functions | |
VB.NET 'Pass by value (in, default), reference '(in/out), and reference (out) Sub TestFunc(ByVal x As Integer, ByRef y As Integer, ByRef z As Integer) x += 1 y += 1 z = 5 End Sub 'c set to zero by default Dim a = 1, b = 1, c As Integer TestFunc(a, b, c) System.Console.WriteLine("{0} {1} {2}", a, b, c) ‘1 2 5
'Accept variable number of arguments Function Sum(ByVal ParamArray nums As Integer()) As Integer Sum = 0 For Each i As Integer In nums Sum += i Next End Function 'Or use a Return statement like C#
Dim total As Integer = Sum(4, 3, 2, 1) 'returns 1
'Optional parameters must be listed last 'and must have a default value Sub SayHello(ByVal name As String, Optional ByVal prefix As String = "") Response.Write("Greetings, " & prefix & " " & name) End Sub SayHello("Steven", "Dr.") SayHello("SuOk")
| C# // Pass by value (in, default), reference //(in/out), and reference (out) void TestFunc(int x, ref int y, out int z) { x++; y++; z = 5; } int a = 1, b = 1, c; // c doesn‘t need initializing TestFunc(a, ref b, out c); System.Console.WriteLine("{0} {1} {2}", a, b, c); // 1 2 5
// Accept variable number of arguments int Sum(params int[] nums) { int sum = 0; foreach (int i in nums) sum += i; return sum; } int total = Sum(4, 3, 2, 1); // returns 10
/* C# doesn‘t support optional arguments/parameters. Just create two different versions of the same function. */ void SayHello(string name, string prefix) { System.Console.WriteLine("Greetings, " + prefix + " " + name); } void SayHello(string name) { SayHello(name, ""); } |
异常处理 Exception Handling | |
VB.NE 'Deprecated unstructured error handling On Error GoTo MyErrorHandler DoSomething() MyErrorHandler: System.Console.WriteLine(Err.Description)
Dim ex As New Exception("Something has really gone wrong.") Throw ex
Try y = 0 x = 10 / y Catch ex As Exception When y = 0 'Argument and When is optional System.Console.WriteLine(ex.Message) Finally DoSomething() End Try | C#
Exception up = new Exception("Something is really wrong."); throw up; // ha ha
try{ y = 0; x = 10 / y; } catch (Exception ex) { //Argument is optional, no "When" keyword Console.WriteLine(ex.Message); } finally{ // Do something } |
命名空间 Namespaces | |
VB.NET Namespace ASPAlliance.DotNet.Community 'Do something End Namespace 'or Namespace ASPAlliance Namespace DotNet Namespace Community 'Do something End Namespace End Namespace End Namespace
Imports ASPAlliance.DotNet.Community | C# namespace ASPAlliance.DotNet.Community { //Do something } // or namespace ASPAlliance { namespace DotNet { namespace Community { //Do something } } }
using ASPAlliance.DotNet.Community; |
类/接口 Classes / Interfaces | |
VB.NET 'Accessibility keywords Public Private Friend Protected Protected Friend Shared
'Inheritance Class Articles Inherits Authors ' ... End Class 'Interface definition Interface IArticle ' ... End Interface
'Extending an interface Interface IArticle Inherits IAuthor '... End Interface
'Interface implementation Class PublicationDate Implements IArticle, IRating '... End Class | C# //Accessibility keywords public private internal protected protected internal static //Inheritance class Articles: Authors { ... } //Interface definition interface IArticle { //... } //Extending an interface interface IArticle: IAuthor { //... } //Interface implementation class PublicationDate: IArticle, IRating { //... } |
构造函数/析构函数 Constructors / Destructors | |
VB.NET Class TopAuthor Private _topAuthor As Integer Public Sub New() _topAuthor = 0 End Sub
Public Sub New(ByVal topAuthor As Integer) Me._topAuthor = topAuthor End Sub
Protected Overrides Sub Finalize() 'Desctructor code to free unmanaged resources MyBase.Finalize() End Sub
End Class | C# class TopAuthor { private int _topAuthor; public TopAuthor() { _topAuthor = 0; } public TopAuthor(int topAuthor) { this._topAuthor = topAuthor; } TopAuthor() { // Destructor code to free unmanaged resources. // Implicitly creates a Finalize method } } |
对象 Objects | |
VB.NET Dim author As TopAuthor = New TopAuthor With author .Name = "Steven" .AuthorRanking = 3 End With author.Rank("Scott") author.Demote() 'Calling Shared method
'or TopAuthor.Rank() Dim author2 As TopAuthor = author 'Both refer to same object author2.Name = "Joe" System.Console.WriteLine(author2.Name) 'Prints Joe
author = Nothing 'Free the object If author Is Nothing Then _ author = New TopAuthor
Dim obj As Object = New TopAuthor If TypeOf obj Is TopAuthor Then _ System.Console.WriteLine("Is a TopAuthor object.") | C# TopAuthor author = new TopAuthor(); //No "With" construct author.Name = "Steven"; author.AuthorRanking = 3; author.Rank("Scott");
TopAuthor.Demote() //Calling static method TopAuthor author2 = author //Both refer to same object author2.Name = "Joe"; System.Console.WriteLine(author2.Name) //Prints Joe
author = null //Free the object if (author == null) author = new TopAuthor();
Object obj = new TopAuthor(); if (obj is TopAuthor) SystConsole.WriteLine("Is a TopAuthor object."); |
结构体 Structs | |
VB.NET Structure AuthorRecord Public name As String Public rank As Single Public Sub New(ByVal name As String, ByVal rank As Single) Me.name = name Me.rank = rank End Sub End Structure
Dim author As AuthorRecord = New AuthorRecord("Steven", 8.8) Dim author2 As AuthorRecord = author author2.name = "Scott" System.Console.WriteLine(author.name) ‘Prints Steven System.Console.WriteLine(author2.name) ‘Prints Scott
| C# struct AuthorRecord { public string name; public float rank; public AuthorRecord(string name, float rank) { this.name = name; this.rank = rank; } }
AuthorRecord author = new AuthorRecord("Steven", 8.8); AuthorRecord author2 = author author.name = "Scott"; SystemConsole.WriteLine(author.name); //Prints Steven System.Console.WriteLine(author2.name); //Prints Scott
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属性 Properties | |
VB.NET Private _size As Integer Public Property Size() As Integer Get Return _size End Get Set(ByVal Value As Integer) If Value < 0 Then _size = 0 Else _size = Value End If End Set End Property
foo.Size += 1
| C# private int _size; public int Size { get { return _size; } set { if (value < 0) _size = 0; else _size = value; } } foo.Size++; |
代理/事件 Delegates / Events | |
VB.NET Delegate Sub MsgArrivedEventHandler(ByVal message As String) Event MsgArrivedEvent As MsgArrivedEventHandler
'or to define an event which declares a 'delegate implicitly Event MsgArrivedEvent(ByVal message As String) AddHandler MsgArrivedEvent, AddressOf My_MsgArrivedCallback 'Won‘t throw an exception if obj is Nothing RaiseEvent MsgArrivedEvent("Test message") RemoveHandler MsgArrivedEvent, AddressOf My_MsgArrivedCallback Imports System.Windows.Forms
'WithEvents can‘t be used on local variable Dim WithEvents MyButton As Button MyButton = New Button Private Sub MyButton_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, _ ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles MyButton.Click MessageBox.Show(Me, "Button was clicked", "Info", _ MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Information) End Sub
| C#
delegate void MsgArrivedEventHandler(string message); event MsgArrivedEventHandler MsgArrivedEvent;
//Delegates must be used with events in C# MsgArrivedEvent += new MsgArrivedEventHandler (My_MsgArrivedEventCallback);
//Throws exception if obj is null MsgArrivedEvent("Test message"); MsgArrivedEvent -= new MsgArrivedEventHandler (My_MsgArrivedEventCallback);
using System.Windows.Forms;
Button MyButton = new Button(); MyButton.Click += new System.EventHandler(MyButton_Click);
private void MyButton_Click(object sender,System.EventArgs e) { MessageBox.Show(this, "Button was clicked", "Info", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Information); } |
输入输出 Console I/O | |
VB.NET 'Special character constants vbCrLf, vbCr, vbLf, vbNewLine vbNullString vbTab vbBack vbFormFeed vbVerticalTab
Chr(65) 'Returns ‘A‘
System.Console.Write("What‘s your name? ") Dim name As String = System.Console.ReadLine() System.Console.Write("How old are you? ") Dim age As Integer = Val(System.Console.ReadLine())
System.Console.WriteLine("{0} is {1} years old.", name, age) 'or System.Console.WriteLine(name & " is " & age & " years old.")
Dim c As Integer c = System.Console.Read() 'Read single char System.Console.WriteLine(c) 'Prints 65 if user enters "A" | C#
//Escape sequences n, r t
Convert.ToChar(65) //Returns ‘A‘ - equivalent to Chr(num) in VB // or (char) 65
System.Console.Write("What‘s your name? "); string name = SYstem.Console.ReadLine(); System.Console.Write("How old are you? "); int age = Convert.ToInt32(System.Console.ReadLine());
System.Console.WriteLine("{0} is {1} years old.", name, age); //or System.Console.WriteLine(name + " is " + age + " years old.");
int c = System.Console.Read(); //Read single char System.Console.WriteLine(c); //Prints 65 if user enters "A" |
文件输入输出File I/O | |
VB.NET Imports System.IO
'Write out to text file Dim writer As StreamWriter = File.CreateText("c:/myfile.txt") writer.WriteLine("Out to file.") writer.Close()
'Read all lines from text file Dim reader As StreamReader = File.OpenText("c:/myfile.txt") Dim line As String = reader.ReadLine() While Not line Is Nothing Console.WriteLine(line) line = reader.ReadLine() End While reader.Close()
'Write out to binary file Dim str As String = "Text data" Dim num As Integer = 123 Dim binWriter As New BinaryWriter(File.OpenWrite("c:/myfile.dat")) binWriter.Write(str) binWriter.Write(num) binWriter.Close()
'Read from binary file Dim binReader As New BinaryReader(File.OpenRead("c:/myfile.dat")) str = binReader.ReadString() num = binReader.ReadInt32() binReader.Close() | C# using System.IO; //Write out to text file StreamWriter writer = File.CreateText("c://myfile.txt"); writer.WriteLine("Out to file."); writer.Close();
//Read all lines from text file StreamReader reader = File.OpenText("c://myfile.txt"); string line = reader.ReadLine(); while (line != null) { Console.WriteLine(line); line = reader.ReadLine(); } reader.Close();
//Write out to binary file string str = "Text data"; int num = 123; BinaryWriter binWriter = new BinaryWriter(File.OpenWrite("c://myfile.dat")); binWriter.Write(str); binWriter.Write(num); binWriter.Close();
//Read from binary file BinaryReader binReader = new BinaryReader(File.OpenRead("c://myfile.dat")); str = binReader.ReadString(); num = binReader.ReadInt32(); binReader.Close(); |
C#和VB.net语法对比图
最新推荐文章于 2023-10-17 15:06:32 发布