1、hibernate多对一关联映射
关联映射的本质:
* 将关联关系映射到数据库,所谓的关联关系是对象模型在内存中的一个或多个引用
User.java里面包含Group.java定义的group应用
- User.java:
- private int id;
- private String name;
- private Group group;
- -------------------------------------
- Group.java:
- private int id;
- private String name;
User.java:
private int id;
private String name;
private Group group;
-------------------------------------
Group.java:
private int id;
private String name;
<many-to-one>会在多的一端加入一个外键,指向一的一端,这个外键是由<many-to-one>
中的column属性定义的,如果忽略了这个属性那么默认的外键与实体的属性一致
<many-to-one>标签的定义示例:
* <many-to-one name="group" column="groupid"/>
例:User.hbm.xml配置:
- <hibernate-mapping>
- <class name="com.hibernate.User" table="t_user">
- <id name="id">
- <generator class="native"/>
- </id>
- <property name="name"/>
- <!-- 理解级联的含义是对象的连锁操作
- <many-to-one name="group" column="groupid" cascade="all"/>
- -->
- <many-to-one name="group" column="groupid"/>
- </class>
- </hibernate-mapping>
- 数据库里是t_user表里创建groupid 字段,并创建一个外键,groupid字段reference t_group表里的id字段。
<hibernate-mapping>
<class name="com.hibernate.User" table="t_user">
<id name="id">
<generator class="native"/>
</id>
<property name="name"/>
<!-- 理解级联的含义是对象的连锁操作
<many-to-one name="group" column="groupid" cascade="all"/>
-->
<many-to-one name="group" column="groupid"/>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
数据库里是t_user表里创建groupid 字段,并创建一个外键,groupid字段reference t_group表里的id字段。
2、hihernate一对多关联映射(单向Classes----->Student)
一对多关联映射利用了多对一关联映射原理
区别:
多对一关联映射:在多的一端加入一个外键指向一的一端,它维护的关系是多指向一
一对多关联映射:在多的一端加入一个外键指向一的一端,它维护的关系是一指向多
也就是说一对多和多对一的映射策略是一样的,只是站的角度不同
- Classes.java:
- private int id;
- private String name;
- private Set students;
- -----------------------------
- Student.java
- private int id;
- private String name;
Classes.java:
private int id;
private String name;
private Set students;
-----------------------------
Student.java
private int id;
private String name;
classes.hbm.xml的配置:
- <hibernate-mapping package="com.hibernate">
- <class name="Classes" table="t_classes">
- <id name="id">
- <generator class="native"/>
- </id>
- <property name="name"/>
- <set name="students">
- <key column="classesid"/>
- <one-to-many class="Student"/>
- </set>
- </class>
- </hibernate-mapping>
- 数据库里:t_student表里创建classesid字段,并创建外键,classesid字段reference t_classes表里的id;
<hibernate-mapping package="com.hibernate">
<class name="Classes" table="t_classes">
<id name="id">
<generator class="native"/>
</id>
<property name="name"/>
<set name="students">
<key column="classesid"/>
<one-to-many class="Student"/>
</set>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
数据库里:t_student表里创建classesid字段,并创建外键,classesid字段reference t_classes表里的id;
在一一端维护关系的缺点:
* 如果将t_student表里的classesid字段设置为非空,则无法保存
* 因为不是在student这一端维护关系,所以student不知道是哪个班的,
所以需要发出多余的update语句来更新关系
3.hihernate一对多关联映射(双向Classes<----->Student)
一对多双向关联映射:
* 在一一端的集合上使用<key>,在对方表中加入一个外键指向一一端
* 在多一端采用<many-to-one>
注意:<key>标签指定的外键字段必须和<many-to-one>指定的外键字段一致,否则引用字段的错误
如果在”一“一端维护一对多关联关系,hibernate会发出多余的udpate语句,所以我们一般在多
的一端来维护关联关系
关于inverse属性:
inverse主要用在一对多和多对多双向关联上,inverse可以被设置到集合标签<set>上,
默认inverse为false,所以我们可以从”一“一端和”多“一端维护关联关系,
如果设置成inverse为true,则我们只能从多一端来维护关联关系
注意:inverse属性,只影响数据的存储,也就是持久化
inverse和cascade
* inverse是关联关系的控制方向
* cascade操作上的连锁反应
- Classes.java
- private int id;
- private String name;
- private Set students;
- ------------------------------
- Student.java
- private int id;
- private String name;
- private Classes classes;
- ------------------------------
- Classes.hbm.xml配置:
- <hibernate-mapping package="com.hibernate">
- <class name="Classes" table="t_classes">
- <id name="id">
- <generator class="native"/>
- </id>
- <property name="name"/>
- <set name="students" inverse="true" cascade="all">
- <key column="classesid"/>
- <one-to-many class="Student"/>
- </set>
- </class>
- </hibernate-mapping>
- --------------------------------
- Student.hbm.xml配置
- <hibernate-mapping>
- <class name="com.hibernate.Student" table="t_student">
- <id name="id">
- <generator class="native"/>
- </id>
- <property name="name"/>
- <many-to-one name="classes" column="classesid"/>
- </class>
- </hibernate-mapping>
- 数据库里:t_student表里创建classesid字段,并创建外键,classesid字段reference t_classes表里的id;
Classes.java
private int id;
private String name;
private Set students;
------------------------------
Student.java
private int id;
private String name;
private Classes classes;
------------------------------
Classes.hbm.xml配置:
<hibernate-mapping package="com.hibernate">
<class name="Classes" table="t_classes">
<id name="id">
<generator class="native"/>
</id>
<property name="name"/>
<set name="students" inverse="true" cascade="all">
<key column="classesid"/>
<one-to-many class="Student"/>
</set>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
--------------------------------
Student.hbm.xml配置
<hibernate-mapping>
<class name="com.hibernate.Student" table="t_student">
<id name="id">
<generator class="native"/>
</id>
<property name="name"/>
<many-to-one name="classes" column="classesid"/>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
数据库里:t_student表里创建classesid字段,并创建外键,classesid字段reference t_classes表里的id;
4、hibernate一对一主键关联映射(单向关联Person---->IdCard)
一对一主键关联映射:让两个实体对象的id保持相同,这样可以避免多余的字段被创建
- Person.java
- private int id;
- private String name;
- private IdCard idCard;
- -----------------------------
- Person.hbm.xml
- <hibernate-mapping>
- <class name="com.hibernate.Person" table="t_person">
- <id name="id">
- <!-- person的主键来源idCard,也就是共享idCard的主键 -->
- <generator class="foreign">
- <param name="property">idCard</param>
- </generator>
- </id>
- <property name="name"/>
- <!-- one-to-one标签的含义,指示hibernate怎么加载它的关联对象,默认根据主键加载,
- constrained="true", 表明当前主键上存在一个约束,person的主键作为外键参照了idCard
- <one-to-one name="idCard" constrained="true"/>
- </class>
- </hibernate-mapping>
- -----------------------------
- IdCard.java
- private int id;
- private String cardNo;
- -----------------------------
- IdCard.hbm.xml
- <hibernate-mapping>
- <class name="com.hibernate.IdCard" table="t_idcard">
- <id name="id">
- <generator class="native"/>
- </id>
- <property name="cardNo"/>
- </class>
- </hibernate-mapping>
- 数据库里: t_person的主键来源t_idcard,也就是共享t_idcard的主键,数据库里不例外增加一作为外键的字段。
Person.java
private int id;
private String name;
private IdCard idCard;
-----------------------------
Person.hbm.xml
<hibernate-mapping>
<class name="com.hibernate.Person" table="t_person">
<id name="id">
<!-- person的主键来源idCard,也就是共享idCard的主键 -->
<generator class="foreign">
<param name="property">idCard</param>
</generator>
</id>
<property name="name"/>
<!-- one-to-one标签的含义,指示hibernate怎么加载它的关联对象,默认根据主键加载,
constrained="true", 表明当前主键上存在一个约束,person的主键作为外键参照了idCard
<one-to-one name="idCard" constrained="true"/>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
-----------------------------
IdCard.java
private int id;
private String cardNo;
-----------------------------
IdCard.hbm.xml
<hibernate-mapping>
<class name="com.hibernate.IdCard" table="t_idcard">
<id name="id">
<generator class="native"/>
</id>
<property name="cardNo"/>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
数据库里: t_person的主键来源t_idcard,也就是共享t_idcard的主键,数据库里不例外增加一作为外键的字段。
5、hibernate一对一主键关联映射(双向关联Person<---->IdCard)
需要在idcard映射文件中加入<one-to-one>标签指向person,指示hibernate如何加载person
默认根据主键加载
- Person.java
- private int id;
- private String name;
- private IdCard idCard;
- -----------------------------
- Person.hbm.xml配置
- <hibernate-mapping>
- <class name="com.hibernate.Person" table="t_person">
- <id name="id">
- <!-- person的主键来源idCard,也就是共享idCard的主键 -->
- <generator class="foreign">
- <param name="property">idCard</param>
- </generator>
- </id>
- <property name="name"/>
- <!-- one-to-one标签的含义,指示hibernate怎么加载它的关联对象,默认根据主键加载,
- constrained="true", 表明当前主键上存在一个约束,person的主键作为外键参照了idCard
- -->
- <one-to-one name="idCard" constrained="true"/>
- </class>
- </hibernate-mapping>
- -----------------------------
- IdCard.java
- private int id;
- private String cardNo;
- private Person person;
- -----------------------------
- IdCard.hbm.xml
- <hibernate-mapping>
- <class name="com.hibernate.IdCard" table="t_idcard">
- <id name="id">
- <generator class="native"/>
- </id>
- <property name="cardNo"/>
- <one-to-one name="person"/>
- </class>
- </hibernate-mapping>
- 数据库里: t_person的主键来源t_idcard,也就是共享t_idcard的主键,数据库里不例外增加一作为外键的字段。
Person.java
private int id;
private String name;
private IdCard idCard;
-----------------------------
Person.hbm.xml配置
<hibernate-mapping>
<class name="com.hibernate.Person" table="t_person">
<id name="id">
<!-- person的主键来源idCard,也就是共享idCard的主键 -->
<generator class="foreign">
<param name="property">idCard</param>
</generator>
</id>
<property name="name"/>
<!-- one-to-one标签的含义,指示hibernate怎么加载它的关联对象,默认根据主键加载,
constrained="true", 表明当前主键上存在一个约束,person的主键作为外键参照了idCard
-->
<one-to-one name="idCard" constrained="true"/>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
-----------------------------
IdCard.java
private int id;
private String cardNo;
private Person person;
-----------------------------
IdCard.hbm.xml
<hibernate-mapping>
<class name="com.hibernate.IdCard" table="t_idcard">
<id name="id">
<generator class="native"/>
</id>
<property name="cardNo"/>
<one-to-one name="person"/>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
数据库里: t_person的主键来源t_idcard,也就是共享t_idcard的主键,数据库里不例外增加一作为外键的字段。
6.hibernate一对一唯一外键关联映射(单向关联Person---->IdCard)
一对唯一外键关联映射是多对一关联映射的特例
可以采用<many-to-one>标签,指定多的一端的unique=true,这样就限制了多的一端的多重性为一
通过这种手段映射一对一唯一外键关联
- Person.xml
- private int id;
- private String name;
- private IdCard idCard;
- ------------------------------
- Person.hbm.xml
- <hibernate-mapping>
- <class name="com.hibernate.Person" table="t_person">
- <id name="id">
- <generator class="native"/>
- </id>
- <property name="name"/>
- <[color=red]many-to-one name[/color]="idCard" [color=red]unique="true"[/color]/>
- </class>
- </hibernate-mapping>
- ------------------------
- IdCard.java
- private int id;
- private String cardNo;
- ------------------------
- IdCard.hbm.xml
- <hibernate-mapping>
- <class name="com.hibernate.IdCard" table="t_idcard">
- <id name="id">
- <generator class="native"/>
- </id>
- <property name="cardNo"/>
- </class>
- </hibernate-mapping>
- 数据库里:t_person里产生一个idcard的外键,reference t_idcard表里的主键id。并指定这个字段为unique(核心:就是many-to-one,只不过外键被约束为唯一的。),
Person.xml
private int id;
private String name;
private IdCard idCard;
------------------------------
Person.hbm.xml
<hibernate-mapping>
<class name="com.hibernate.Person" table="t_person">
<id name="id">
<generator class="native"/>
</id>
<property name="name"/>
<[color=red]many-to-one name[/color]="idCard" [color=red]unique="true"[/color]/>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
------------------------
IdCard.java
private int id;
private String cardNo;
------------------------
IdCard.hbm.xml
<hibernate-mapping>
<class name="com.hibernate.IdCard" table="t_idcard">
<id name="id">
<generator class="native"/>
</id>
<property name="cardNo"/>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
数据库里:t_person里产生一个idcard的外键,reference t_idcard表里的主键id。并指定这个字段为unique(核心:就是many-to-one,只不过外键被约束为唯一的。),
7、hibernate一对一唯一外键关联映射(双向关联Person<---->IdCard)
一对一唯一外键关联双向,需要在另一端(idcard),添加<one-to-one>标签,指示hibernate如何加载
其关联对象,默认根据主键加载person,外键关联映射中,因为两个实体采用的是person的外键维护的关系,
所以不能指定主键加载person,而要根据person的外键加载,所以采用如下映射方式:
<one-to-one name="person" property-ref="idCard"/>
- Person.java
- private int id;
- private String name;
- private IdCard idCard;
- ------------------------------
- <hibernate-mapping>
- <class name="com.hibernate.Person" table="t_person">
- <id name="id">
- <generator class="native"/>
- </id>
- <property name="name"/>
- <many-to-one name="idCard" unique="true"/>
- </class>
- </hibernate-mapping>
- ------------------------------
- IdCard.java
- private int id;
- private String cardNo;
- private Person person;
- ------------------------------
- <hibernate-mapping>
- <class name="com.hibernate.IdCard" table="t_idcard">
- <id name="id">
- <generator class="native"/>
- </id>
- <property name="cardNo"/>
- <one-to-one name="person" property-ref="idCard"/>
- </class>
- </hibernate-mapping>
- 数据库里:
Person.java
private int id;
private String name;
private IdCard idCard;
------------------------------
<hibernate-mapping>
<class name="com.hibernate.Person" table="t_person">
<id name="id">
<generator class="native"/>
</id>
<property name="name"/>
<many-to-one name="idCard" unique="true"/>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
------------------------------
IdCard.java
private int id;
private String cardNo;
private Person person;
------------------------------
<hibernate-mapping>
<class name="com.hibernate.IdCard" table="t_idcard">
<id name="id">
<generator class="native"/>
</id>
<property name="cardNo"/>
<one-to-one name="person" property-ref="idCard"/>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
数据库里:
8、hibernate多对多关联映射(单向User---->Role)
具体映射方式:
<set name="roles" table="t_user_role">
<key column="userid"/>
<many-to-many class="com.hibernate.Role" column="roleid"/>
</set>
- User.java
- private int id;
- private String name;
- private Set roles;
- ----------------------------
- User.hbm.xml
- <hibernate-mapping>
- <class name="com.hibernate.User" table="t_user">
- <id name="id">
- <generator class="native"/>
- </id>
- <property name="name"/>
- <set name="roles" table="t_user_role">
- <key column="userid"/>
- <many-to-many class="com.bjsxt.hibernate.Role" column="roleid"/>
- </set>
- </class>
- </hibernate-mapping>
- ----------------------------
- Role.java
- private int id;
- private String name;
- ----------------------------
- Role.hbm.xml
- <hibernate-mapping>
- <class name="com.hibernate.Role" table="t_role">
- <id name="id">
- <generator class="native"/>
- </id>
- <property name="name"/>
- </class>
- </hibernate-mapping>
- 数据库里:产生第三个表,t_user_role,有2个字段分别为:userid和roleid
User.java
private int id;
private String name;
private Set roles;
----------------------------
User.hbm.xml
<hibernate-mapping>
<class name="com.hibernate.User" table="t_user">
<id name="id">
<generator class="native"/>
</id>
<property name="name"/>
<set name="roles" table="t_user_role">
<key column="userid"/>
<many-to-many class="com.bjsxt.hibernate.Role" column="roleid"/>
</set>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
----------------------------
Role.java
private int id;
private String name;
----------------------------
Role.hbm.xml
<hibernate-mapping>
<class name="com.hibernate.Role" table="t_role">
<id name="id">
<generator class="native"/>
</id>
<property name="name"/>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
数据库里:产生第三个表,t_user_role,有2个字段分别为:userid和roleid
9.hibernate多对多关联映射(双向User<---->Role)
映射方法:
<set name="roles" table="t_user_role">
<key column="userid"/>
<many-to-many class="com.hibernate.Role" column="roleid"/>
</set>
table属性值必须和单向关联中的table属性值一致
<key>中column属性值要与单向关联中的<many-to-many>标签中的column属性值一致
在<many-to-many>中的column属性值要与单向关联中<key>标签的column属性值一致
- Person.java
- private int id;
- private String name;
- private Set roles;
- <hibernate-mapping>
- <class name="com.hibernate.User" table="t_user">
- <id name="id">
- <generator class="native"/>
- </id>
- <property name="name"/>
- <set name="roles" table="t_user_role">
- <key column="userid"/>
- <many-to-many class="com.bjsxt.hibernate.Role" column="roleid"/>
- </set>
- </class>
- </hibernate-mapping>
- ---------------------------------------------
- Role.java
- private int id;
- private String name;
- private Set users;
- <hibernate-mapping>
- <class name="com.hibernate.Role" table="t_role">
- <id name="id">
- <generator class="native"/>
- </id>
- <property name="name"/>
- <set name="users" table="t_user_role" order-by="userid">
- <key column="roleid"/>
- <many-to-many class="com.bjsxt.hibernate.User" column="userid"/>
- </set>
- </class>
- </hibernate-mapping>
- 数据库里:
Person.java
private int id;
private String name;
private Set roles;
<hibernate-mapping>
<class name="com.hibernate.User" table="t_user">
<id name="id">
<generator class="native"/>
</id>
<property name="name"/>
<set name="roles" table="t_user_role">
<key column="userid"/>
<many-to-many class="com.bjsxt.hibernate.Role" column="roleid"/>
</set>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
---------------------------------------------
Role.java
private int id;
private String name;
private Set users;
<hibernate-mapping>
<class name="com.hibernate.Role" table="t_role">
<id name="id">
<generator class="native"/>
</id>
<property name="name"/>
<set name="users" table="t_user_role" order-by="userid">
<key column="roleid"/>
<many-to-many class="com.bjsxt.hibernate.User" column="userid"/>
</set>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
数据库里: