因为虚拟机和vpn软件会创建网络连接,电脑就有可能有多个网络连接,用程序获取真实的操作系统的网络连接就比较困难。
原理:注册表项HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Windows NT\\CurrentVersion\\NetworkCards下面会有子键,里面记录的是系统创建的对应真实网卡的网络连接的名字,但是这个名字不太友好,要做转换。
获取到了本地连接的名字之后,再配合netsh命令就可以干很多事情了,比如程序修改网卡的dns服务器地址。
上VC代码:控制台程序,可直接编译测试
目前在xp、win7、win8和win10上面测试了一遍,结果都准确。
// QueryKey - Enumerates the subkeys of key and its associated values.
// hKey - Key whose subkeys and values are to be enumerated.
#include <windows.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <tchar.h>
#include <Iphlpapi.h>
#include <Mprapi.h>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <map>
#include <iostream>
#include <locale.h>
#pragma comment(lib,"Iphlpapi.lib")
#pragma comment(lib, "Mprapi.lib")
using namespace std;
#define MAX_KEY_LENGTH 255
#define MAX_VALUE_NAME 16383
//网卡名字与连接名字的对应关系,key为网卡名字,value为连接名字
map<wstring, wstring> mapAdapterNames;
const TCHAR NETWORKCARDS[MAX_KEY_LENGTH] = TEXT("SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Windows NT\\CurrentVersion\\NetworkCards");
void QueryKey(HKEY hKey)
{
TCHAR achKey[MAX_KEY_LENGTH]; // buffer for subkey name
DWORD cbName; // size of name string
TCHAR achClass[MAX_PATH] = TEXT(""); // buffer for class name
DWORD cchClassName = MAX_PATH; // size of class string
DWORD cSubKeys=0; // number of subkeys
DWORD cbMaxSubKey; // longest subkey size
DWORD cchMaxClass; // longest class string
DWORD cValues; // number of values for key
DWORD cchMaxValue; // longest value name
DWORD cbMaxValueData; // longest value data
DWORD cbSecurityDescriptor; // size of security descriptor
FILETIME ftLastWriteTime; // last write time
DWORD i, retCode;
TCHAR achValue[MAX_VALUE_NAME];
DWORD cchValue = MAX_VALUE_NAME;
// Get the class name and the value count.
retCode = RegQueryInfoKey(
hKey, // key handle
achClass, // buffer for class name
&cchClassName, // size of class string
NULL, // reserved
&cSubKeys, // number of subkeys
&cbMaxSubKey, // longest subkey size
&cchMaxClass, // longest class string
&cValues, // number of values for this key
&cchMaxValue, // longest value name
&cbMaxValueData, // longest value data
&cbSecurityDescriptor, // security descriptor
&ftLastWriteTime); // last write time
// Enumerate the subkeys, until RegEnumKeyEx fails.
if (cSubKeys)
{
printf( "\nNumber of subkeys: %d\n", cSubKeys);
for (i=0; i<cSubKeys; i++)
{
cbName = MAX_KEY_LENGTH;
retCode = RegEnumKeyEx(hKey, i,
achKey,
&cbName,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
&ftLastWriteTime);
if (retCode == ERROR_SUCCESS)
{
_tprintf(TEXT("(%d) %s\n"), i+1, achKey);
}
}
}
// Enumerate the key values.
if (cValues)
{
printf( "\nNumber of values: %d\n", cValues);
for (i=0, retCode=ERROR_SUCCESS; i<cValues; i++)
{
cchValue = MAX_VALUE_NAME;
achValue[0] = '\0';
retCode = RegEnumValue(hKey, i,
achValue,
&cchValue,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL);
if (retCode == ERROR_SUCCESS )
{
_tprintf(TEXT("(%d) %s\n"), i+1, achValue);
}
}
}
}
void QuerySubKeyValue(HKEY hKey)
{
TCHAR achKey[MAX_KEY_LENGTH]; // buffer for subkey name
DWORD cbName; // size of name string
TCHAR achClass[MAX_PATH] = TEXT(""); // buffer for class name
DWORD cchClassName = MAX_PATH; // size of class string
DWORD cSubKeys=0; // number of subkeys
DWORD cbMaxSubKey; // longest subkey size
DWORD cchMaxClass; // longest class string
DWORD cValues; // number of values for key
DWORD cchMaxValue; // longest value name
DWORD cbMaxValueData; // longest value data
DWORD cbSecurityDescriptor; // size of security descriptor
FILETIME ftLastWriteTime; // last write time
DWORD i, retCode;
TCHAR achValue[MAX_VALUE_NAME];
DWORD cchValue = MAX_VALUE_NAME;
// Get the class name and the value count.
retCode = RegQueryInfoKey(
hKey, // key handle
achClass, // buffer for class name
&cchClassName, // size of class string
NULL, // reserved
&cSubKeys, // number of subkeys
&cbMaxSubKey, // longest subkey size
&cchMaxClass, // longest class string
&cValues, // number of values for this key
&cchMaxValue, // longest value name
&cbMaxValueData, // longest value data
&cbSecurityDescriptor, // security descriptor
&ftLastWriteTime); // last write time
// Enumerate the subkeys, until RegEnumKeyEx fails.
if (cSubKeys)
{
printf( "\nNumber of subkeys: %d\n", cSubKeys);
for (i=0; i<cSubKeys; i++)
{
cbName = MAX_KEY_LENGTH;
retCode = RegEnumKeyEx(hKey, i,
achKey,
&cbName,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
&ftLastWriteTime);
if (retCode == ERROR_SUCCESS)
{
_tprintf(TEXT("(%d) %s\n"), i+1, achKey);
//生成键名
TCHAR szFullSubKeyName[MAX_KEY_LENGTH] = {0};
_sntprintf(szFullSubKeyName,MAX_KEY_LENGTH,TEXT("%s\\%s"),NETWORKCARDS,achKey);
//打开子键
HKEY hSubKey;
if( RegOpenKeyEx( HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE,
szFullSubKeyName,
0,
KEY_READ,
&hSubKey) == ERROR_SUCCESS
)
{
//查询键值
TCHAR szSubKeyValue[MAX_VALUE_NAME] = {0};
DWORD dwType = REG_NONE, dwResultSize=MAX_VALUE_NAME * sizeof(TCHAR);
long lResult = RegQueryValueEx(hSubKey, _T("ServiceName"), 0, &dwType, (BYTE *)(szSubKeyValue), &dwResultSize);
if ((lResult==ERROR_SUCCESS) && (dwType==REG_SZ))
_tprintf(mapAdapterNames[szSubKeyValue].c_str());
//_tprintf(szSubKeyValue);
RegCloseKey(hSubKey);
}
}
}
}
}
wstring Ascii2Unicode(string astrsrc)
{
int wideSize = ::MultiByteToWideChar(CP_ACP, 0, astrsrc.c_str(), -1, NULL, 0);
if (wideSize == ERROR_NO_UNICODE_TRANSLATION)
return L"";
if(wideSize <= 0)
return wstring(L"");
//wchar_t *szbuffer = new wchar_t[nLength + 2];
vector<wchar_t> resultString(wideSize);
int conResult = ::MultiByteToWideChar(CP_ACP, 0, astrsrc.c_str(), -1, &resultString[0], wideSize);
if(conResult != wideSize)
return L"";
return wstring(&resultString[0]);
}
//获取网卡名字与连接名字的对应关系
void GetAdapterNamesMap()
{
/*******************************************
*通过Iphlpapi库获取网卡信息
********************************************/
PIP_ADAPTER_INFO pIpAdapterInfo = (PIP_ADAPTER_INFO) malloc(sizeof(IP_ADAPTER_INFO));
ULONG stSize = sizeof(IP_ADAPTER_INFO);
int nRel = GetAdaptersInfo(pIpAdapterInfo, &stSize); //获得其大小
if (ERROR_BUFFER_OVERFLOW == nRel) //重新申请所需要的空间
{
free(pIpAdapterInfo);
pIpAdapterInfo = (PIP_ADAPTER_INFO) malloc(stSize);
nRel = GetAdaptersInfo(pIpAdapterInfo, &stSize);
}
/*******************************************
*通过mprapi库获取连接名称
*并通过index将网卡信息和连接名称相关联
********************************************/
HANDLE hMprConfig; //连接信息的句柄
DWORD dwRet=0; //返回值
PIP_INTERFACE_INFO plfTable = NULL; //接口信息表
DWORD dwBufferSize=0; //接口信息表空间大小
dwRet = MprConfigServerConnect(NULL, &hMprConfig); //获得句柄
dwRet = GetInterfaceInfo(NULL, &dwBufferSize); //获得接口信息表大小
if(dwRet == ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER) //获得接口信息
{
plfTable = (PIP_INTERFACE_INFO)HeapAlloc(GetProcessHeap(), HEAP_ZERO_MEMORY, dwBufferSize);
GetInterfaceInfo(plfTable, &dwBufferSize);
}
TCHAR szFriendName[256]; //接口名称
DWORD tchSize = sizeof(TCHAR) * 256;
ZeroMemory(&szFriendName, tchSize);
for (UINT i = 0; i < plfTable-> NumAdapters; i++)
{
IP_ADAPTER_INDEX_MAP AdaptMap; //接口信息
AdaptMap = plfTable->Adapter[i];
dwRet = MprConfigGetFriendlyName(hMprConfig, AdaptMap.Name, (PWCHAR)szFriendName, tchSize); //获得连接名称unicode
//遍历网卡信息链表,通过index匹配,找到对应关系
for(PIP_ADAPTER_INFO pIpAdapterInfoCopy = pIpAdapterInfo; pIpAdapterInfoCopy != NULL; pIpAdapterInfoCopy = pIpAdapterInfoCopy->Next)
{
if(pIpAdapterInfoCopy->Index == AdaptMap.Index)
{
mapAdapterNames[Ascii2Unicode(pIpAdapterInfoCopy->AdapterName)] = szFriendName;
break;
}
}
}
HeapFree(GetProcessHeap(), HEAP_ZERO_MEMORY, plfTable);
//删除网卡信息
if(pIpAdapterInfo)
free(pIpAdapterInfo);
}
void __cdecl _tmain(void)
{
setlocale(LC_ALL, "chs");
//首先获取网卡适配器的名字与本地连接名字的对应关系
GetAdapterNamesMap();
//再获取真实的网络连接的名字
HKEY hKey;
if( RegOpenKeyEx( HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE,
TEXT("SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Windows NT\\CurrentVersion\\NetworkCards"),
0,
KEY_READ,
&hKey) == ERROR_SUCCESS
)
{
QuerySubKeyValue(hKey);
}
RegCloseKey(hKey);
system("pause");
}