object c中 new和alloc区别

最新推荐文章于 2023-03-20 22:06:13 发布

atlandis_JL

最新推荐文章于 2023-03-20 22:06:13 发布

阅读量473

点赞数

分类专栏：移动文章标签： object c

移动专栏收录该内容

13 篇文章 0 订阅

订阅专栏

在object-c基础教程这本书里老是可以看见类似下面这种代码，我这小菜鸟就纳闷了，啥区别啊，看上去都一样么。网上找了找，找到一些说法，这里先摘出来。
className* object = [className new];
or
className* object = [[className alloc] init];
背景说明，new是较为老式的写法，后来发现只有一个new不好使，才引入了alloc和init这种写法，保留new一是向后兼容，二是很多时候是一种更简单的写法。其实是一样的，new在内部调用的alloc和init.
源代码：

<p></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;"><span class="pun">+</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">new</span>
<span class="pun">{</span>
<span class="pln">id newObject </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">(*</span><span class="pln">_alloc</span><span class="pun">)((</span><span class="typ">Class</span><span class="pun">)</span><span class="kwd">self</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="lit">0</span><span class="pun">);</span>
<span class="typ">Class</span><span class="pln"> metaClass </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">self</span><span class="pun">-></span><span class="pln">isa</span><span class="pun">;</span>
<span class="kwd">if</span><span class="pln"> (class_getVersion</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">metaClass</span><span class="pun">)</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">></span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="lit">1</span><span class="pun">)</span>
<span class="pln">    </span><span class="kwd">return</span><span class="pln"> [newObject init</span><span class="pun">];</span>
<span class="kwd">else</span>
<span class="pln">    </span><span class="kwd">return</span><span class="pln"> newObject</span><span class="pun">;</span>
<span class="pun">}</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;"><span class="pun">+</span><span class="pln"> alloc</span>
<span class="pun">{</span>
<span class="kwd">return</span><span class="pln"> (*_zoneAlloc</span><span class="pun">)((</span><span class="typ">Class</span><span class="pun">)</span><span class="kwd">self</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="lit">0</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln"> malloc_default_zone</span><span class="pun">()); </span>
<span class="pun">}</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;"><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln"> init</span>
<span class="pun">{</span>
<span class="pln">    </span><span class="kwd">return</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">self</span><span class="pun">;</span>
<span class="pun">}</span></p><p></p>

[className new]基本等同于[[className alloc] init]. 区别只在于alloc分配内存的时候使用了zone，这个zone是个什么东东呢？它是给对象分配内存的时候，把关联的对象分配到一个相邻的内存区域内，以便于调用时消耗很少的代价，提升了程序处理速度.
什么要把alloc 和init 分开?
1. 可以使用多种init方法
2. 显示调用总比隐式调用要好”
如果确实不需要用其他的init函数，比如initWithString, 只是使用 [Nsobject alloc] init] ,那用new的方法更加方便
* new doesn't support custom initializers (like initWithString)
* alloc-init is more explicit than new