使用Socket撰写邮件发送程序

首先，我们简单介绍一下带验证的SMTP服务器如何使用AUTH原语进行身份验证，其详细的定义可以参考RFC2554。
具体如下：
1）首先，需要使用EHLO而不是原先的HELO。
2）EHLO成功以后，客户端需要发送AUTH原语，与服务器就认证时用户名和密码的传递方式进行协商。
3）如果协商成功，服务器会返回以3开头的结果码，这是就可以把用户名和密码传给服务器。
4）最后，如果验证成功，就可以开始发信了。
下面是一个实际的例子，客户端在WinXP的Command窗口中通过"telnet smtp.263.NET 25"命令连接到263的smtp服务器发信：
220 Welcome to coremail System(With Anti-Spam) 2.1
EHLO 263.NET
250-192.168.30.29
250-PIPELINING
250-SIZE 10240000
250-ETRN
250-AUTH LOGIN
250 8BITMIME
AUTH LOGIN
334 VXNlcm5hbWU6
bXlhY2NvdW50
334 UGFzc3dvcmQ6
bXlwYXNzd29yZA==
235 Authentication successful
MAIL FROM:myaccount@263.NET
250 Ok
RCPT TO:myaccount@263.NET
250 Ok
Data
354 End data with <CR><LF>.<CR><LF>
This is a testing email.
haha.
.
250 Ok: queued as AC5291D6406C4
QUIT
221 Bye

上面的内容就是发信的全过程。其中与身份验证有关的主要是第九到第十四行：
AUTH LOGIN "客户端输入
334 VXNlcm5hbWU6 "服务器提示“Username:="
bXlhY2NvdW50 "客户端输入“myaccount="的Base64编码
334 UGFzc3dvcmQ6 "服务器提示“Password:="
bXlwYXNzd29yZA== "客户端输入“mypassword="的Base64编码
235 Authentication successful "服务器端通过验证
从上面的分析可以看出，在这个身份验证过程中，服务器和客户端都直接通过Socket传递经过标准Base64编码的纯文本。这个过程可以非常方便的用C#实现，或者直接添加到原有的源代码中。
另外，有些ESMTP服务器不支持AUTH LOGIN方式的认证，只支持AUTH CRAM-MD5方式验证。但是这两者之间的区别只是文本的编码方式不同。
实现此功能的源代码可以在SourceForge.NET http://sourceforge.NET/projects/opensmtp-net/ 上找到下载。下面给出了一个简单的伪码：
public void SendMail(MailMessage msg)   
{  
 NetworkStream nwstream = GetConnection();

 WriteToStream(ref nwstream, "EHLO " + smtpHost + "/r/n");
 string welcomeMsg = ReadFromStream(ref nwstream);

 // implement HELO command if EHLO is unrecognized.
 if (IsUnknownCommand(welcomeMsg))
 {
  WriteToStream(ref nwstream, "HELO " + smtpHost + "/r/n");
 }
 CheckForError(welcomeMsg, ReplyConstants.OK);    

 // Authentication is used if the u/p are supplied
 AuthLogin(ref nwstream);

 WriteToStream(ref nwstream, "MAIL FROM: <" + msg.From.Address + ">/r/n");
 CheckForError(ReadFromStream(ref nwstream), ReplyConstants.OK);

 SendRecipientList(ref nwstream, msg.To);
 SendRecipientList(ref nwstream, msg.CC);
 SendRecipientList(ref nwstream, msg.BCC);

 WriteToStream(ref nwstream, "DATA/r/n");
 CheckForError(ReadFromStream(ref nwstream), ReplyConstants.START_INPUT);

 if (msg.ReplyTo.Name != null && msg.ReplyTo.Name.Length != 0)
  { WriteToStream(ref nwstream, "Reply-To: /"" + msg.ReplyTo.Name + "/" <" +
   msg.ReplyTo.Address + ">/r/n"); }
 else
  { WriteToStream(ref nwstream, "Reply-To: <" + msg.ReplyTo.Address + ">/r/n"); }
  
 if (msg.From.Name != null && msg.From.Name.Length != 0)
  { WriteToStream(ref nwstream, "From: /"" + msg.From.Name + "/" <" +
   msg.From.Address + ">/r/n"); }
 else
  { WriteToStream(ref nwstream, "From: <" + msg.From.Address + ">/r/n"); }
 
 WriteToStream(ref nwstream, "To: " + CreateAddressList(msg.To) + "/r/n");
 
 if (msg.CC.Count != 0)
  { WriteToStream(ref nwstream, "CC: " + CreateAddressList(msg.CC) + "/r/n"); }

 WriteToStream(ref nwstream, "Subject: " + msg.Subject + "/r/n");

 if (msg.Priority != null)
 { WriteToStream(ref nwstream, "X-Priority: " + msg.Priority + "/r/n"); }

 if (msg.Headers.Count > 0)
 {
  SendHeaders(ref nwstream, msg);
 }
 
 if (msg.Attachments.Count > 0 || msg.HtmlBody != null)
 {
  SendMessageBody(ref nwstream, msg);
 }
 else
 {
  WriteToStream(ref nwstream, msg.Body + "/r/n");
 }
 
 WriteToStream(ref nwstream, "/r/n./r/n");
 CheckForError(ReadFromStream(ref nwstream), ReplyConstants.OK);
 WriteToStream(ref nwstream, "QUIT/r/n");
 CheckForError(ReadFromStream(ref nwstream), ReplyConstants.QUIT);
 CloseConnection();
}

private bool AuthLogin(ref NetworkStream nwstream)
{
if (username != null && username.Length > 0 && password != null && password.Length > 0)
{
 WriteToStream(ref nwstream, "AUTH LOGIN/r/n");
 if (AuthImplemented(ReadFromStream(ref nwstream)))
 {
  WriteToStream(ref nwstream, Convert.ToBase64String(
    Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(this.username.ToCharArray())) + "/r/n");
  CheckForError(ReadFromStream(ref nwstream), ReplyConstants.SERVER_CHALLENGE);
  WriteToStream(ref nwstream, Convert.ToBase64String(Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(
      this.password.ToCharArray())) + "/r/n");
  CheckForError(ReadFromStream(ref nwstream), ReplyConstants.AUTH_SUCCESSFUL);
  return true;
 }
}
return false;
}