windows GDI+ 绘图的简单封装

由于用mfc经常需要在界面上进行一些绘制输出，所以用windows GDI比较多，但是用windowsGDI 绘图比较麻烦，刚开始学的时候还经常弄不清一堆DC, Object, HANDLE到底是干啥的。后来就琢磨清楚了，但为了用起来更方便，就弄个类，这样画什么就直接调对应的函数和常用的控制参数，比如大小位置颜色，而不需要自己去操控上下文、绘制画笔画刷等等麻烦事，而且一个函数完成一个简单图形的绘制，后面又学了gdi+，就重写了部分函数实现，用了更简单的方式完成。

为了避免闪烁，这里用了双缓存的原理，其实就是相当于在内存里开辟空间画完后在显示在屏幕上。至于闪烁的缘由，在我的另一篇博文里面有浅浅的探究：http://www.straka.cn/blog/flickering-in-mfc/

这里也不得不指明这么做是有损效率的，因为期间会重复创建和销毁画笔画刷等对象。但对于多数应用场景，这个损失是可以接受的。

要使用GDI+（Graphics device interface），要做些铺垫工作，

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ULONG_PTR m_gdiplusToken ;   BOOL CGDIDemoApp :: InitInstance ( ) { . . . CWinApp :: InitInstance ( ) ;   Gdiplus :: GdiplusStartupInput gdiplusStartupInput ; Gdiplus :: GdiplusStartup ( &m_gdiplusToken , &gdiplusStartupInput , NULL ) ; . . . }   int CGDIDemoApp :: ExitInstance ( ) { // TODO: 在此添加专用代码和/或调用基类 Gdiplus :: GdiplusShutdown ( m_gdiplusToken ) ; return CWinApp :: ExitInstance ( ) ; }

一般为了方便在应用程序的实例初始化阶段就可以把gdiplus一起初始化了，然后实现ExitInstance虚函数，在其中释放使用gdiplus所占的资源。

封装的类：

class CDrawMethod
{
	HWND m_dlgHWND; //the handle of dialog window
	CDC *m_pDC;     //the device context of dialog
	CDC m_dcMem;    //the memory dc, to contain all the drawing than flush onto screen
	CBitmap m_bmpMem;  //bitmap bind to memory dc--m_dcMem 
	Gdiplus::Graphics* m_pGraph; //point to the object of Gdiplus
	
	CDrawMethod(HWND hwnd, CDC *pDC);
	~CDrawMethod();
	//call this func to init the member before any draw method
	int BeginDraw();
	//after all operate has been executed(drawn on memory DC), call this to draw on screen
	void DrawOnScreen();
	//call this func after all operate has done, free or release the resources, in case of memory leak
	int EndDraw();
	
	//save picture in memory DC to path as jpg file
	int SaveMemDCAsJPG(char* strPath);
	int SaveMemDCAsBMP(char* strPath);

	//return the memory bitmap member 
	CBitmap *GetMemBitmap();
	//return the memory DC member
	CDC *GetMemDC();
public:
	CRect m_rtClient;
};

主要的成员和函数都在上述代码中列出，使用的话每次新建类实例，传入对话框句柄HANDLE和设备上下文DC，然后调用BeginDraw()初始化，等全部函数执行完毕，再调用DrawOnScreen()画到屏幕上，最后EndDraw()释放资源。如果需要更进一步的操作可以用GetMemBitmap() 和 GetMemDC()方法取得内存位图和画布进一步操作。但是注意这里的指针是指向成员的，用完不可释放，类内部管理。如果画完不需要显示在显示器上也可以用SaveMemDCAsJPG 和 SaveMemDCAsBMP 函数输出到文件。

而具体承担绘图任务的函数是自定义可以添加的：

        //putout the text follow the params onto the dc
TEXTMETRIC PutOutTextA(char* lpsz, int X, int Y, unsigned long lColor, int nFontHeight, int nFontWidth = FW_NORMAL, EShadowType eShadow = NONE, unsigned long lShadowColor = 0, LPCWSTR lpFont = TEXT("微软雅黑"));
TEXTMETRIC PutOutTextW(char* lpsz, int X, int Y, unsigned long lColor, int nFontHeight, int nFontWidth = FW_NORMAL, EShadowType eShadow = NONE, unsigned long lShadowColor = 0, LPCWSTR lpFont = TEXT("微软雅黑"));
//draw rectangle frame
void DrawRectFrame(CRect rect,int width, unsigned long lColor,byte alpha=255);
//draw shadow of rectangle
//@param coeff: control the color gradiant rate
void DrawRectShadow(CRect rect, unsigned long lColor, byte alpha, int width, float coeff=0.8);
//fill inside of  rectangle
void FillRect(CRect rect, unsigned long lColor, byte alpha);
void DrawEllipseFrame(CRect rect, int width, unsigned long lColor, byte alpha=255);
void DrawEllipseShadow(CRect rect, unsigned long lColor, byte alpha, int width, float coeff=0.8);
void FillEllipse(CRect rect, unsigned long lColor, byte alpha);
void DrawPolygonFrame(Gdiplus::Point* arrPoints, int ctn, int width, unsigned long lColor, byte alpha=255);
void FillPolygon(Gdiplus::Point* arrPoints, int ctn, unsigned long lColor, byte alpha);
//draw round corner rectangle
void DrawRoundRect(CRect rect, float arcSize, float lineWidth, unsigned long lColor, byte alpha, bool fillPath = false, unsigned long lColorFill = 0, byte alphaFill = 0);
void DrawRoundRect(float x, float y, float Width, float Height, float arcSize, float lineWidth, unsigned long lColor, byte alpha, bool fillPath = false, unsigned long lColorFill = 0, byte alphaFill = 0);
//method to draw cubic of area located by points array
void FillCubicSurface(Gdiplus::Point* arrPoints, int ctn, unsigned long lColor, byte alpha = 155,unsigned long frameColor = 0);
 
//draw image on path by method 1 to location by rect
bool DrawImage(char* pStr, CRect rect);
//draw png picture at path input to location by rect
void DrawPNG(WCHAR* strPath, CRect rect);

我就把常用的一些添加了进来，画矩形、椭圆形、多边形框、及填充矩形、椭圆形、多边形内部、画矩形、椭圆形阴影，画圆角矩形、画立方体，绘制图片,以及输出文字。

其中画矩形阴影实现就是画了尺寸稍大的多个矩形，这种比较简单，当然也有别的处理方法，根据大家需要另外添加函数即可。

使用示例：

在对话框OnPaint函数中添加代码：

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if ( IsIconic ( ) ) { . . .          } else { //CDialogEx::OnPaint(); CPaintDC dc ( this ) ; // 用于绘制的设备上下文 CDrawMethod drawMethod ( m_hWnd , &dc ) ; drawMethod . BeginDraw ( ) ; . . . //draw objects here drawMethod . DrawOnScreen ( ) ;   drawMethod . EndDraw ( ) ; }

在第11行处添加画图代码，比如：

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drawMethod . DrawRectFrame ( rect1 , 1 , RGB ( 0 , 255 , 0 ) , 150 ) ; drawMethod . DrawRectShadow ( rect1 , RGB ( 200 , 255 , 255 ) , 200 , 5 ) ; drawMethod . FillRect ( rect1 , RGB ( 255 , 0 , 0 ) , 150 ) ;   drawMethod . DrawEllipseFrame ( rect2 , 1 , RGB ( 100 , 20 , 155 ) , 200 ) ; drawMethod . DrawEllipseShadow ( rect2 , RGB ( 0 , 255 , 255 ) , 200 , 5 , 0.7 ) ; drawMethod . FillEllipse ( rect2 , RGB ( 255 , 255 , 0 ) , 190 ) ;   Gdiplus :: Point pts [ 8 ] ; pts [ 0 ] . X = 170 ; pts [ 0 ] . Y = 250 ; pts [ 1 ] . X = 280 ; pts [ 1 ] . Y = pts [ 0 ] . Y ; pts [ 2 ] . X = 400 ; pts [ 2 ] . Y = 100 ; pts [ 3 ] . X = 330 ; pts [ 3 ] . Y = pts [ 2 ] . Y ; pts [ 4 ] . X = pts [ 0 ] . X ; pts [ 4 ] . Y = 210 ; pts [ 5 ] . X = pts [ 1 ] . X ; pts [ 5 ] . Y = pts [ 4 ] . Y ; pts [ 6 ] . X = pts [ 2 ] . X ; pts [ 6 ] . Y = 75 ; pts [ 7 ] . X = pts [ 3 ] . X ; pts [ 7 ] . Y = pts [ 6 ] . Y ; drawMethod . FillCubicSurface ( pts , 8 , RGB ( 0 , 200 , 50 ) , 200 , RGB ( 0 , 255 , 0 ) ) ;

上述代码绘图效果：

Demo源码等更多信息见原博客：

http://www.straka.cn/blog/encapsulate-gdi-draw-method/