Docker初入门 - 部署 & MySQL镜像安装案例

目录：

• 系统环境
• 部署安装
• MySQL容器安装及使用

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1. 系统环境

系统：Centos7.x
Docker版本：CE免费版

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2. 部署安装

1、安装依赖包

[root@docker001 ~]# yum install -y -yum-utils \
> device-mapper-persistent-data \
> lvm2

2、安装管理包

[root@docker001 ~]# yum-config-manager \
> --add-repo \
> https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
adding repo from: https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
grabbing file https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo to /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo
repo saved to /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo

3、安装方式

1）安装最新版

[root@docker001 ~]# yum install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io

2）指定版本安装

[root@docker001 ~]# yum list docker-ce --showduplicates | sort -r
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Installed Packages
docker-ce.x86_64            3:18.09.4-3.el7                    docker-ce-stable 
docker-ce.x86_64            3:18.09.4-3.el7                    @docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            3:18.09.3-3.el7                    docker-ce-stable 
docker-ce.x86_64            3:18.09.2-3.el7                    docker-ce-stable 
docker-ce.x86_64            3:18.09.1-3.el7                    docker-ce-stable 
docker-ce.x86_64            3:18.09.0-3.el7                    docker-ce-stable 
docker-ce.x86_64            18.06.3.ce-3.el7                   docker-ce-stable 
docker-ce.x86_64            18.06.2.ce-3.el7                   docker-ce-stable 
docker-ce.x86_64            18.06.1.ce-3.el7                   docker-ce-stable 
docker-ce.x86_64            18.06.0.ce-3.el7                   docker-ce-stable 
docker-ce.x86_64            18.03.1.ce-1.el7.centos            docker-ce-stable 
docker-ce.x86_64            18.03.0.ce-1.el7.centos            docker-ce-stable 
docker-ce.x86_64            17.12.1.ce-1.el7.centos            docker-ce-stable 
docker-ce.x86_64            17.12.0.ce-1.el7.centos            docker-ce-stable 
docker-ce.x86_64            17.09.1.ce-1.el7.centos            docker-ce-stable 
docker-ce.x86_64            17.09.0.ce-1.el7.centos            docker-ce-stable 
docker-ce.x86_64            17.06.2.ce-1.el7.centos            docker-ce-stable 
docker-ce.x86_64            17.06.1.ce-1.el7.centos            docker-ce-stable 
docker-ce.x86_64            17.06.0.ce-1.el7.centos            docker-ce-stable 
docker-ce.x86_64            17.03.3.ce-1.el7                   docker-ce-stable 
docker-ce.x86_64            17.03.2.ce-1.el7.centos            docker-ce-stable 
docker-ce.x86_64            17.03.1.ce-1.el7.centos            docker-ce-stable 
docker-ce.x86_64            17.03.0.ce-1.el7.centos            docker-ce-stable 
Available Packages

yum install docker-ce-<VERSION_STRING> docker-ce-cli-<VERSION_STRING> containerd.io

VERSION_STRING = docker-ce.x86_64_3:18.09.4-3.el7

3）RPM包安装

RPM包下载地址 ： https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/7/x86_64/stable/Packages/

[root@docker001 ~]# yum install /path/to/package.rpm

4、验证启动

[root@docker001 ~]# systemctl start docker
[root@docker001 ~]# systemctl status docker
● docker.service - Docker Application Container Engine
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Sat 2019-03-30 17:01:10 CST; 20s ago
     Docs: https://docs.docker.com
 Main PID: 9810 (dockerd)
   Memory: 29.4M
   CGroup: /system.slice/docker.service
           └─9810 /usr/bin/dockerd -H fd:// --containerd=/run/containerd/containerd.sock

Mar 30 17:01:10 docker001 dockerd[9810]: time="2019-03-30T17:01:10.515160601+08:00" level=info msg="pickfirstBalancer: HandleSubConnStateChan...dule=grpc
Mar 30 17:01:10 docker001 dockerd[9810]: time="2019-03-30T17:01:10.540195341+08:00" level=info msg="Graph migration to content-addressability... seconds"
Mar 30 17:01:10 docker001 dockerd[9810]: time="2019-03-30T17:01:10.540735439+08:00" level=info msg="Loading containers: start."
Mar 30 17:01:10 docker001 dockerd[9810]: time="2019-03-30T17:01:10.654089229+08:00" level=info msg="Default bridge (docker0) is assigned with... address"
Mar 30 17:01:10 docker001 dockerd[9810]: time="2019-03-30T17:01:10.698740234+08:00" level=info msg="Loading containers: done."
Mar 30 17:01:10 docker001 dockerd[9810]: time="2019-03-30T17:01:10.717392389+08:00" level=warning msg="Not using native diff for overlay2, th...=overlay2
Mar 30 17:01:10 docker001 dockerd[9810]: time="2019-03-30T17:01:10.717607234+08:00" level=info msg="Docker daemon" commit=d14af54 graphdriver...n=18.09.4
Mar 30 17:01:10 docker001 dockerd[9810]: time="2019-03-30T17:01:10.717695940+08:00" level=info msg="Daemon has completed initialization"
Mar 30 17:01:10 docker001 dockerd[9810]: time="2019-03-30T17:01:10.737278066+08:00" level=info msg="API listen on /var/run/docker.sock"
Mar 30 17:01:10 docker001 systemd[1]: Started Docker Application Container Engine.
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.

5、官方案例测试

[root@docker001 ~]# docker run hello-world
Unable to find image 'hello-world:latest' locally
latest: Pulling from library/hello-world
1b930d010525: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:2557e3c07ed1e38f26e389462d03ed943586f744621577a99efb77324b0fe535
Status: Downloaded newer image for hello-world:latest

Hello from Docker!
This message shows that your installation appears to be working correctly.

To generate this message, Docker took the following steps:
 1. The Docker client contacted the Docker daemon.
 2. The Docker daemon pulled the "hello-world" image from the Docker Hub.
    (amd64)
 3. The Docker daemon created a new container from that image which runs the
    executable that produces the output you are currently reading.
 4. The Docker daemon streamed that output to the Docker client, which sent it
    to your terminal.

To try something more ambitious, you can run an Ubuntu container with:
 $ docker run -it ubuntu bash

Share images, automate workflows, and more with a free Docker ID:
 https://hub.docker.com/

For more examples and ideas, visit:
 https://docs.docker.com/get-started/

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MySQL安装及简单使用

1、复制并pull mysql’s image到本地

[root@docker001 ~]# docker pull mysql

2、查看下载到本地的image

[root@docker001 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
mysql               5.7                 98455b9624a9        3 days ago          372MB
hello-world         latest              fce289e99eb9        2 months ago        1.84kB

3、登录MySQL

[root@docker001 ~]# docker run --name mysql1 -p3306:3306 -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 -d mysql:5.7
[root@docker001 ~]# docker exec -it mysql mysql -uroot -p

4、查看运行进程

[root@docker001 ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS                      PORTS                               NAMES
7f9191d5321e        mysql:5.7           "docker-entrypoint.s…"   23 seconds ago      Up 23 seconds               0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp, 33060/tcp   mysql1
26d6aea338f0        hello-world         "/hello"                 13 minutes ago      Exited (0) 13 minutes ago                                       flamboyant_stallman

5、进入容器

[root@docker001 ~]# docker exec -it mysql bash
root@baa487819412:/#