组件通信示例,一个Activity,一个Service,Service是通过startService启动,通常Activity与通过startServiece()方法启动的Service无法通信,借助于BoadcastReceiver实现组件通信。
开发一个基于Service组件的音乐盒,后台的Service负责播放,后台的播放状态发生变化的时候,程序通过发送广播前台Activity更新界面,当用户点击前台Activity按钮的时候,系统将通过发送广播通知后台Service来改变播放状态
MusicBox.java
package org.crazyit.broadcast;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.IntentFilter;
import android.media.AudioManager;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.ImageButton;
import android.widget.SeekBar;
import android.widget.TextView;
public class MusicBox extends Activity implements OnClickListener {
// 获取界面中显示歌曲标题、作者文本框
TextView title, author;
// 播放/暂停、停止按钮
ImageButton play, stop;
// 声明音量管理器
public AudioManager mAudioManager = null;
// 定义进度条
public static SeekBar audioSeekBar = null;
// 定义音量大小
public SeekBar audioVolume = null;
ActivityReceiver activityReceiver;
public static final String CTL_ACTION = "org.crazyit.action.CTL_ACTION";
public static final String UPDATE_ACTION = "org.crazyit.action.UPDATE_ACTION";
// 定义音乐的播放状态,0x11代表没有播放;0x12代表正在播放;0x13代表暂停
int status = 0x11;
String[] titleStrs = new String[] { "心愿", "约定", "美丽新世界" };
String[] authorStrs = new String[] { "未知艺术家", "周蕙", "伍佰" };
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
// 获取程序界面界面中的两个按钮
play = (ImageButton) this.findViewById(R.id.play);
stop = (ImageButton) this.findViewById(R.id.stop);
title = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.title);
author = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.author);
audioVolume = (SeekBar) findViewById(R.id.seekBar2);
audioSeekBar = (SeekBar) findViewById(R.id.seekBar1);
// 为两个按钮的单击事件添加监听器
play.setOnClickListener(this);
stop.setOnClickListener(this);
// 播放进度监听
audioSeekBar.setOnSeekBarChangeListener(new SeekBarChangeEvent());
// 退出后再次进去程序时,进度条保持持续更新
if (MusicService.mPlayer != null) {
// 设置进度条的最大值
MusicBox.audioSeekBar.setMax(MusicService.mPlayer.getDuration());
audioSeekBar.setProgress(MusicService.mPlayer.getCurrentPosition());
}
// 得到当前音量对象
mAudioManager = (AudioManager) getSystemService(AUDIO_SERVICE);
// 把当前音量值赋给进度条
audioVolume.setProgress(mAudioManager
.getStreamVolume(AudioManager.STREAM_MUSIC));
// 监听音量
audioVolume.setOnSeekBarChangeListener(new AudioVolumeChangeEvent());
activityReceiver = new ActivityReceiver();
// 创建IntentFilter
IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter();
// 指定BroadcastReceiver监听的Action
filter.addAction(UPDATE_ACTION);
// 注册BroadcastReceiver
registerReceiver(activityReceiver, filter);
Intent intent = new Intent(this, MusicService.class);
// 启动后台Service
startService(intent);
}
// 音量监听
class AudioVolumeChangeEvent implements SeekBar.OnSeekBarChangeListener {
@Override
public void onProgressChanged(SeekBar seekBar, int progress,
boolean fromUser) {
mAudioManager.setStreamVolume(AudioManager.STREAM_MUSIC, progress,
0);
}
@Override
public void onStartTrackingTouch(SeekBar seekBar) {
}
@Override
public void onStopTrackingTouch(SeekBar seekBar) {
}
}
// 播放进度监听,别忘了Service里面还有个进度条刷新
class SeekBarChangeEvent implements SeekBar.OnSeekBarChangeListener {
@Override
public void onProgressChanged(SeekBar seekBar, int progress,
boolean fromUser) {
// 假设改变源于用户拖动
if (fromUser) {
MusicService.mPlayer.seekTo(progress);
// 当进度条的值改变时,音乐播放器从新的位置开始播放
}
}
@Override
public void onStartTrackingTouch(SeekBar seekBar) {
MusicService.mPlayer.pause();
}
@Override
public void onStopTrackingTouch(SeekBar seekBar) {
MusicService.mPlayer.start();
}
}
// 自定义的BroadcastReceiver,负责监听从Service传回来的广播
public class ActivityReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
// 获取Intent中的update消息,update代表播放状态
int update = intent.getIntExtra("update", -1);
// 获取Intent中的current消息,current代表当前正在播放的歌曲
int current = intent.getIntExtra("current", -1);
if (current >= 0) {
title.setText(titleStrs[current]);
author.setText(authorStrs[current]);
}
switch (update) {
case 0x11:
play.setImageResource(R.drawable.play);
status = 0x11;
break;
// 控制系统进入播放状态
case 0x12:
// 播放状态下设置使用暂停图标
play.setImageResource(R.drawable.pause);
// 设置当前状态
status = 0x12;
break;
// 控制系统进入暂停状态
case 0x13:
// 暂停状态下设置使用播放图标
play.setImageResource(R.drawable.play);
// 设置当前状态
status = 0x13;
break;
}
}
}
@Override
public void onClick(View source) {
// 创建Intent
Intent intent = new Intent("org.crazyit.action.CTL_ACTION");
switch (source.getId()) {
// 按下播放/暂停按钮
case R.id.play:
intent.putExtra("control", 1);
break;
// 按下停止按钮
case R.id.stop:
intent.putExtra("control", 2);
break;
}
// 发送广播,将被Service组件中的BroadcastReceiver接收到
sendBroadcast(intent);
}
}
MusicService.java
public class MusicService extends Service {
MyReceiver serviceReceiver;
AssetManager mAssetManager;
String[] musics = new String[]{"prefectLife.mp3", "thatYear.mp3", "country.mp3"};
MediaPlayer mMediaPlayer;
int status = 0x11;
int current = 0; // 记录当前正在播放的音乐
@Nullable
@Override
public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
return null;
}
@Override
public void onCreate() {
super.onCreate();
mAssetManager = getAssets();
serviceReceiver = new MyReceiver();
//创建IntentFilter
IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter();
filter.addAction(MainActivity.CTL_ACTION);
registerReceiver(serviceReceiver, filter);
//创建MediaPlayer
mMediaPlayer = new MediaPlayer();
//为MediaPlayer播放完成事件绑定监听器
mMediaPlayer.setOnCompletionListener(new MediaPlayer.OnCompletionListener() {
@Override
public void onCompletion(MediaPlayer mp) {
current++;
if (current >= 3) {
current = 0;
}
//发送广播通知Activity更改文本框
Intent sendIntent = new Intent(MainActivity.UPDATE_ACTION);
sendIntent.putExtra("current", current);
//发送广播,将被Activity中的BroadcastReceiver接收到
sendBroadcast(sendIntent);
//准备并播放音乐
prepareAndPlay(musics[current]);
}
});
}
public class MyReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
int control = intent.getIntExtra("control", -1);
switch (control){
case 1: // 播放或暂停
//原来处于没有播放状态
if (status ==0x11){
//准备播放音乐
prepareAndPlay(musics[current]);
status = 0x12;
}
//原来处于播放状态
else if (status == 0x12){
//暂停
mMediaPlayer.pause();
status = 0x13; // 改变为暂停状态
}
//原来处于暂停状态
else if (status == 0x13){
//播放
mMediaPlayer.start();
status = 0x12; // 改变状态
}
break;
//停止声音
case 2:
//如果原来正在播放或暂停
if (status == 0x12 || status == 0x13){
//停止播放
mMediaPlayer.stop();
status = 0x11;
}
}
//广播通知Activity更改图标、文本框
Intent sendIntent = new Intent(MainActivity.UPDATE_ACTION);
sendIntent.putExtra("update", status);
sendIntent.putExtra("current", current);
//发送广播,将被Activity中的BroadcastReceiver接收到
sendBroadcast(sendIntent);
}
}
private void prepareAndPlay(String music) {
try {
//打开指定的音乐文件
AssetFileDescriptor assetFileDescriptor = mAssetManager.openFd(music);
mMediaPlayer.reset();
//使用MediaPlayer加载指定的声音文件
mMediaPlayer.setDataSource(assetFileDescriptor.getFileDescriptor(), assetFileDescriptor.getStartOffset(), assetFileDescriptor.getLength());
mMediaPlayer.prepare(); // 准备声音
mMediaPlayer.start(); // 播放
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}