6. ZigZag Conversion

题目

The string "PAYPALISHIRING" is written in a zigzag pattern on a given number of rows like this: (you may want to display this pattern in a fixed font for better legibility)

P   A   H   N
A P L S I I G
Y   I   R

And then read line by line: "PAHNAPLSIIGYIR"

Write the code that will take a string and make this conversion given a number of rows:

string convert(string s, int numRows);

Example 1:

Input: s = "PAYPALISHIRING", numRows = 3
Output: "PAHNAPLSIIGYIR"

Example 2:

Input: s = "PAYPALISHIRING", numRows = 4
Output: "PINALSIGYAHRPI"
Explanation:

P     I    N
A   L S  I G
Y A   H R
P     I

 

解法

来源于官方C++的solution

基本思路：

使用goingDown作为标识，以表征此时需要执行ZigZag的上或下，到达ZigZag的顶部或底部时，goingDown翻转。

需要注意点：

1. 输入字符串的长度值 可能会比numRows小，此时，真实的ZigZag行数 等于 字符串的长度；
2. Python中，对于bool量，条件“或”可以使用"or"、"|" 两种符号，但是要注意运算符的优先级问题，例如：
3. curRow += 1 if goingDown else -1 类似于C++的三目运算符 curRow += goingDown ？1: -1

class Solution:
    def convert(self, s: str, numRows: int) -> str:
        if (numRows == 1):
            return s
        
        rows = ['']*min([numRows,len(s)])
        curRow = 0
        goingDown = False
        
        for c in s:
            rows[curRow] += c
            if (curRow == 0 or curRow == numRows - 1):
                goingDown = not goingDown
            curRow += 1 if goingDown else -1
        
        res = ''
        for row in rows:
            res += row
        return res