SpringBoot/SpringCloud初探五（远程调用）

远程调用常用有RestTemplate和Feign，底层均使用Ribbon实现负载均衡。简单样例，演示远程集群调用。

一、RestTemplate + Ribbon

访问方式：http://localhost:7903/condition/test，然后会执行以下访问：http://microservice-b/condition/self，如果microservice-b有多个节点，会按照负载均衡策略轮流访问。注意为顺利执行样例，microservice-b要实现/condition/self的mapping。

该例子无需额外添加spring-cloud-starter-netflix-ribbon依赖。

pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.6.1</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupId>com.abcd</groupId>
    <artifactId>SpringCloudServiceConsumer</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>SpringCloudServiceConsumer</name>
    <description>SpringCloudServiceConsumer</description>
    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        <spring-cloud.version>2021.0.0</spring-cloud.version>
    </properties>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <!--        <dependency>-->
        <!--            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>-->
        <!--            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-ribbon</artifactId>-->
        <!--            <version>1.4.5.RELEASE</version>-->
        <!--        </dependency>-->

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

application.yml

server:
  port: 7903

spring:
  application:
    name: microservice-a

eureka:
  client:
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/

ServiceA的java代码如下

Application代码

@EnableDiscoveryClient
@SpringBootApplication
public class ServiceAApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(ServiceAApplication.class, args);
    }

    @Bean
    @LoadBalanced
    public RestTemplate restTemplate(){
        return new RestTemplate();
    }
}

Controller代码：

@RestController
@RequestMapping("condition")
public class ServiceAController {

    @Autowired
    private RestTemplate restTemplate;

    @GetMapping("self")
    public String self(){
        return "microService A:7903";
    }

    @GetMapping("test")
    public String test(){
        System.out.println("test in service A");
        String test = restTemplate.getForEntity("http://microservice-b/condition/self",String.class).getBody();
        return "This is ribbon call from microService A to " + test;
    }

}

 二、Feign + Ribbon

引入spring-cloud-starter-openfeign，feign整合了ribbon。

访问方式：http://localhost:7900/condition/feignTest，然后会访问到microservice-a的 /condition/self接口。

pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.6.1</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupId>com.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>EurekaClientSample</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>EurekaClientSample</name>
    <description>EurekaClientSample</description>
    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        <spring-cloud.version>2021.0.0</spring-cloud.version>
    </properties>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

application.yml

server:
  port: 7900

spring:
  application:
    name: microservice-b

eureka:
  client:
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/

.java

Application代码

@EnableFeignClients
@EnableEurekaClient
@SpringBootApplication
public class ServiceBApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(ServiceBApplication.class, args);
    }

}

Controller代码

@RestController
@RequestMapping("condition")
public class ServiceBController {

    @GetMapping("self")
    public String self(){
        return "microService B: 7900";
    }

    @Autowired
    private RemoteClient remoteClient;

    //http://localhost:7900/condition/feignTest
    @GetMapping("feignTest")
    public String feignTest(){
        String test = remoteClient.self();
        return "This is feign call from microService B to " + test;
    }
}

FeignClient代码


@FeignClient("microservice-a")
public interface RemoteClient {

    @GetMapping("condition/self")
    public String self();
}