构建工具（本地仓库存储 与 远程仓库的全局配置）
Maven 本地存储 与 远程仓库做镜像配置（提高下载速度）
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<settings xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/SETTINGS/1.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/SETTINGS/1.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/settings-1.0.0.xsd">
<localRepository>D:\MyMavenLocalRepositoryDir</localRepository>
<mirrors>
<mirror>
<id>aliyunMavenCentral</id>
<name>Aliyun Maven Central</name>
<mirrorOf>central</mirrorOf>
<url></url>
</mirror>
</mirrors>
</settings>
Gradle 本地存储 与 远程仓库 全局配置
配置环境变量,指定本地缓存
GRADLE_USER_HOME = D\MyGradleLocalDir
创建init.gradle配置脚本，存放于$GRADLE_USER_HOME目录下
allproject{
repositories {
// 替换maven2/jcenter为阿里仓库
all { ArtifactRepository repo ->
if(repo instanceof MavenArtifactRepository){
def url = repo.url.toString()
if (url.startsWith('https://repo1.maven.org/maven2')) {
remove repo
}
if (url.startsWith('https://jcenter.bintray.com/')) {
remove repo
}
}
}
maven {
url 'http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public/'
url 'http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/repositories/jcenter'
}
}
}
构建工具 的生命周期
Maven 三个生命周期
默认阶段
validate
initialize
generate-sources
process-sources
generate-resources
process-resources
compile
process-classes
generate-test-sources
process-test-sources
generate-test-resources
process-test-resources
test-compile
process-test-classes
test
pre-integrate-test
integrate-test
post-integrate-test
verify
install
deploy
clean清理阶段
pre-clean
clean
post-clean
site阶段，生成文档
pre-site
site
post-site
site-deploy
Gradle 三个构建阶段
初始化：确定工程中有哪些项目，梳理之间的关系，同时为每个项目仓库Project实例
配置：执行每个项目的build.gradle的配置预处理，解决task之间的DAG依赖关系
执行：在上面配置阶段确定好task执行顺序后，真正地执行每个项目的task任务
构建工具 插件的使用
- 执行Maven的生命周期阶段，会将之前的阶段都执行，比如执行compile阶段会先依次执行validate/initialize阶段
- 每执行一个阶段，绑定在该阶段的所有插件的goal将被执行
Maven插件与阶段绑定
使用help插件查看其他插件有哪些goal
mvn help:describe -Dplugin=org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-help-plugin
Name: Apache Maven Help Plugin
Description: ...
Group Id: org.apache.maven.plugins
Artifact Id: maven-help-plugin
Version: 3.2.0
Goal Prefix: help
This plugin has 8 goals:
help:active-profiles
Description: 当前构建激活的配置.
help:all-profiles
Description: 当前构建所有配置.
help:describe
Description: 打印goals列表.
help:effective-pom
Description: 显示当前构建有效的pom，以xml显示.
help:effective-settings
Description: ...
help:evaluate
Description: ...
help:help
Description: 查看具体goal有哪些参数.
help:system
Description: 显示系统属性与环境变量列表.
For more information, run 'mvn help:describe [...] -Ddetail'
查看goal的参数信息,带上-Ddetail
mvn help:help -Ddetail=true -Dgoal=system
单独执行help插件system Goal ，打印系统环境变量
mvn help:system
编写一个空的pom.xml，绑定help:system goal到compile阶段
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<artifactId>help-plugin-bind-2-compile-phase</artifactId>
<groupId>cn.gd.gz.jim</groupId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-help-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.1.1</version>
<executions>
<execution>
<id>helpPluginBind</id>
<phase>compile</phase>
<goals>
<goal>system</goal>
</goals>
</execution>
</executions>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
执行compile阶段，验证是否执行了help:system goal
mvn compile
结果验证,执行maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:compile后，执行maven-help-plugin:3.1.1:system (helpPluginBind)
[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO]
[INFO] -----------< cn.gd.gz.jim:help-plugin-bind-2-compile-phase >------------
[INFO] Building help-plugin-bind-2-compile-phase 1.0-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] --------------------------------[ jar ]---------------------------------
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:resources (default-resources) @ help-plugin-bind-2-compile-phase ---
[WARNING] Using platform encoding (GBK actually) to copy filtered resources, i.e. build is platform dependent!
[INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory D:\ProgramFiles\apache-maven-3.6.0\bin\src\main\resources
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:compile (default-compile) @ help-plugin-bind-2-compile-phase ---
[INFO] No sources to compile
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-help-plugin:3.1.1:system (helpPluginBind) @ help-plugin-bind-2-compile-phase ---
[INFO]
===============================================================================
========================= Platform Properties Details =========================
===============================================================================
===============================================================================
System Properties
===============================================================================
java.runtime.name=Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment
......
===============================================================================
Environment Variables
===============================================================================
PROCESSOR_LEVEL=6
......
Gradle插件与任务的执行
- Gradle的插件封装了一批tasks任务，configurations配置等信息
在某目录下创建空白build.gradle，并执行下面命令，查看gradle选项参数
gradle --help
--daemon 以守护进程方式构建
-c settings.gradle文件位置
-b build.gradle文件位置
-Dk=v 系统属性
-Pk=v 项目属性
......等
执行以下命令，查看如何执行任务/查看任务详情等信息
gradle help
Starting a Gradle Daemon (subsequent builds will be faster)
> Task :help
Welcome to Gradle 5.2.1.
To run a build, run gradle <task> ...
To see a list of available tasks, run gradle tasks
To see a list of command-line options, run gradle --help
To see more detail about a task, run gradle help --task <task>
For troubleshooting, visit https://help.gradle.org
执行任务,如上面gradle help一样，执行gradle + taskName
查看当前项目下可用的任务列表
gradle tasks
显示空白build.gradle项目，Gradle自带的基本taskS
> Task :tasks
------------------------------------------------------------
Tasks runnable from root project
------------------------------------------------------------
Build Setup tasks
-----------------
init - Initializes a new Gradle build.
wrapper - Generates Gradle wrapper files.
Help tasks
----------
buildEnvironment - Displays all buildscript dependencies declared in root project 'XXX'.
components - Displays the components produced by root project 'XXX'. [incubating]
dependencies - Displays all dependencies declared in root project 'XXX'.
dependencyInsight - Displays the insight into a specific dependency in root project 'XXX'.
dependentComponents - Displays the dependent components of components in root project 'XXX'. [incubating]
help - Displays a help message.
model - Displays the configuration model of root project 'XXX'. [incubating]
projects - Displays the sub-projects of root project 'XXX'.
properties - Displays the properties of root project 'XXX'.
tasks - Displays the tasks runnable from root project 'XXX'.
To see all tasks and more detail, run gradle tasks --all
To see more detail about a task, run gradle help --task <task>
通过以下命令查看init task的任务详情信息（用于初始化一个gradle项目，通过指定一些参数）
gradle help --task init
> Task :help
Detailed task information for init
Path
:init
Type
InitBuild (org.gradle.buildinit.tasks.InitBuild)
Options
--dsl Set the build script DSL to be used in generated scripts.
Available values are:
groovy
kotlin
--package Set the package for source files.
--project-name Set the project name.
--test-framework Set the test framework to be used.
Available values are:
junit
kotlintest
scalatest
spock
testng
--type Set the type of project to generate.
Available values are:
basic
cpp-application
cpp-library
groovy-application
groovy-library
java-application
java-library
kotlin-application
kotlin-library
pom
scala-library
Description
Initializes a new Gradle build.
Group
Build Setup
任务的执行顺序
使用java插件，往空白build.gradle添加以下内容
apply plugins: 'java'
执行如下命令,查看task
gradle tasks
多了3个组的任务：Build tasks / Documentation tasks / Verification tasks
Build tasks
-----------
assemble - Assembles the outputs of this project.
build - Assembles and tests this project.
buildDependents - Assembles and tests this project and all projects that depend on it.
buildNeeded - Assembles and tests this project and all projects it depends on.
classes - Assembles main classes.
clean - Deletes the build directory.
jar - Assembles a jar archive containing the main classes.
testClasses - Assembles test classes.
Documentation tasks
-------------------
javadoc - Generates Javadoc API documentation for the main source code.
Verification tasks
------------------
check - Runs all checks.
test - Runs the unit tests.
查看执行 build 任务之前执行了什么任务？
gradle build -m
:compileJava SKIPPED
:processResources SKIPPED
:classes SKIPPED
:jar SKIPPED
:assemble SKIPPED
:compileTestJava SKIPPED
:processTestResources SKIPPED
:testClasses SKIPPED
:test SKIPPED
:check SKIPPED
:build SKIPPED
构建工具查看依赖树
往build.gradle添加依赖test配置,添加的内容如下（需要配置repositories，下载依赖）
repositories {
maven { url 'http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public/' }
maven{ url 'http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/repositories/jcenter'}
}
dependencies{
implementation "org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-web"
runtimeOnly "com.h2database:h2"
testImplementation "org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-test"
}
Maven/Gradle查看依赖树
mvn dependency:tree
gradle dependencies [--configuration implementation]
扩展：
1。更改任务的执行时序
2。自定义任务
方式一：build.gradle中写
方式二：做成插件(插件开发)
3。监听Gradle构建过程
4。Gradle自定义configuration，如integrationTest（默认main/test）
5。Maven自定义插件
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