LVM （逻辑卷管理器）

一个新的磁盘，如何去做LVM？

一、格式化磁盘

[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l   #查看当前的设备有哪些
Disk /dev/sda: 21.4 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
……此处省略部分输出内容……
/dev/sda3             153        2610    19743885   83  Linux
Disk /dev/sdb: 42.9 GB, 42949672960 bytes

……此处省略部分输出内容……
Disk /dev/sdb doesn't contain a valid partition table

……此处省略部分输出内容……

Disk /dev/sdc doesn't contain a valid partition table

从格式化磁盘开始

[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb  ##对第二块磁盘进行分区
Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
此处省………………略若干字
2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs
   (e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)
Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)

Command (m for help): n    ##n表示new，建立新的分区

 p   primary partition (1-4)
p    ###代表主分区
Partition number (1-4): 1 ##主分区号
First cylinder (1-5221, default 1): 1##磁盘分区起始点
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-5221, default 5221): +10000M ##指定第一个分区大小为10G

Command (m for help): n #继续新建分区
Command action
   e   extended
   p   primary partition (1-4)
p   ##依旧是主分区
Partition number (1-4): 2  ##编号为2
First cylinder (1218-5221, default 1218): 
Using default value 1218 ##起始点直接回车表示默认
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1218-5221, default 5221): +20000M  ###指定大小为20G
 
Command (m for help): n    ##新建分区
Command action
   e   extended
   p   primary partition (1-4)
p   ##选择主分区
Partition number (1-4): 3  ##主分区编号为3
First cylinder (3651-5221, default 3651): 
Using default value 3651   ###直接回车默认
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (3651-5221, default 5221): 
Using default value 5221  ####回车默认

Command (m for help): t   ###使用t表示转换分区类型
Partition number (1-4): 1  ###输入分区号
Hex code (type L to list codes): 8e  ###输入分区类型代码
Changed system type of partition 1 to 8e (Linux LVM)

Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1-4): 2
Hex code (type L to list codes): 8e
Changed system type of partition 2 to 8e (Linux LVM)


Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1-4): 3
Hex code (type L to list codes): 8e
Changed system type of partition 3 to 8e (Linux LVM)

Command (m for help): p  ###列出所有分区
Disk /dev/sdb: 42.9 GB, 42949672960 bytes
……
   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1               1        1217     9775521   8e  Linux LVM
/dev/sdb2            1218        2434     9775552+  8e  Linux LVM
/dev/sdb3            2435        5221    22386577+  8e  Linux LVM

…………此处省略部分输出内容……
Command (m for help): w   ###保存退出
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.

[root@localhost ~]# partprobe  /dev/sdb  /dev/sdc

二、建立PV（物理卷）

[root@localhost ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdb2 /dev/sdb3
  /dev/cdrom: open failed: Read-only file system
  Physical volume "/dev/sdb1" successfully created
  Attempt to close device '/dev/cdrom' which is not open.
  Physical volume "/dev/sdb3" successfully created

[root@localhost ~]# pvdisplay  ###展示物理卷 
  "/dev/sdb1" is a new physical volume of "9.32 GB"
  --- NEW Physical volume ---
  PV Name               /dev/sdb1
  VG Name               
  PV Size               9.32 GB
  ……此处省略……部分显示结果
  PV Size               21.35 GB
  Allocatable           NO
  …………
  PV UUID               rdfuEk-FUli-Iyks-sGrO-1bco-G7ND-NYyrjM
   三、建立VG卷组

[root@localhost ~]# vgcreate vg1 /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdb2 /dev/sdb3    ####建立名称为vg1的卷组

Volume group "vg1" successfully created

[root@localhost ~]# vgdisplay   ###列出卷组
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               vg1
  System ID             
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        3
  Metadata Sequence No  1
  VG Access             read/write
  ………………………………
  Free  PE / Size       10237 / 39.99 GB
  VG UUID               sgtFaV-Hd31-dCag-jPbq-50Ia-WOQa-Ccwo3x

四、建立LV逻辑卷

[root@localhost ~]# lvcreate -L 15000M -n lv1 vg1   ###创建名为lv1，大小为15G的逻辑卷
  /dev/cdrom: open failed: Read-only file system
  Logical volume "lv1" created
[root@localhost ~]# lvdisplay    ###展示逻辑卷
  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Name                /dev/vg1/lv1
  VG Name                vg1
  LV UUID                fPAVct-8lZ2-Nvs6-KK2n-IMqo-1enG-hHt2tN
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Status              available
  # open                 0
  LV Size                14.65 GB
  Current LE             3750
  Segments               1
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     256
  Block device           253:0

格式化LV1并挂载

[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.ext3 /dev/vg1/lv1    ###将lv1格式化成ext3格式
mke2fs 1.39 (29-May-2006)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
1921984 inodes, 3840000 blocks
192000 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=3934257152
118 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
16288 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks: 
        32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208
Writing inode tables: done                            
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
This filesystem will be automatically checked every 21 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/vg1/lv1 /mnt/    ####将逻辑卷挂载到/mnt
[root@localhost ~]# mount  ###查看当前的挂在情况
/dev/sda3 on / type ext3 (rw)
proc on /proc type proc (rw)
sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw)
devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,gid=5,mode=620)
/dev/sda1 on /boot type ext3 (rw)
tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw)
none on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw)
sunrpc on /var/lib/nfs/rpc_pipefs type rpc_pipefs (rw)
/dev/mapper/vg1-lv1 on /mnt type ext3 (rw)

扩大LV

[root@localhost ~]# df -Th    ####查看当前的分区挂载
Filesystem    Type    Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3     ext3     19G  4.1G   14G  24% /
/dev/sda1     ext3    190M   12M  169M   7% /boot
tmpfs        tmpfs    125M     0  125M   0% /dev/shm
/dev/mapper/vg1-lv1
              ext3     15G  165M   14G   2% /mnt

Disk /dev/sdc: 42.9 GB, 42949672960 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 5221 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes


   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdc1               1         366     2939863+  8e  Linux LVM
[root@localhost ~]# vgdisplay #####查看卷组的状态
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               vg1
  System ID             
 ……
  Alloc PE / Size       3750 / 14.65 GB
  Free  PE / Size       6487 / 25.34 GB
  VG UUID               sgtFaV-Hd31-dCag-jPbq-50Ia-WOQa-Ccwo3x

[root@localhost ~]# vgextend vg1 /dev/sdc1  #####将/dev/sdc1扩到卷组vg1中
  /dev/cdrom: open failed: Read-only file system
  No physical volume label read from /dev/sdc1
  Physical volume "/dev/sdc1" successfully created
  Volume group "vg1" successfully extended

[root@localhost ~]# vgdisplay 
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               vg1
  System ID             
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        4
  Metadata Sequence No  3
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                1
  Open LV               1
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                4
  Act PV                4
  VG Size               42.79 GB
  PE Size               4.00 MB
  Total PE              10954
  Alloc PE / Size       3750 / 14.65 GB
  Free  PE / Size       7204 / 28.14 GB
  VG UUID               sgtFaV-Hd31-dCag-jPbq-50Ia-WOQa-Ccwo3x

[root@localhost ~]# lvextend -L +2000M /dev/vg1/lv1   ####对lv进行扩容
  /dev/cdrom: open failed: Read-only file system
  Extending logical volume lv1 to 16.60 GB
  Logical volume lv1 successfully resized