edx 4G Network Essentials 7 - European History of the Mobile Networks

What do 2G, 3G, or 4G mean?

2G，3G或4G是什么意思？

 

That’s what we’ll look at in this video.

这就是我们在这个视频中看到的内容。

 

The concept of dividing the territory into cells, each cell being covered by a base station was defined in the 70s in the United States.

将领土划分为小区的概念，每个小区由基站覆盖，在美国70年代定义。

 

The first networks in Europe appeared in the Nordic countries in the 80s.

欧洲的第一批网络出现在80年代的北欧国家。

 

We speak of first generation, because these were the first networks and the transmission was analog.

我们说第一代，因为这是第一代网络，传输是模拟的。

 

The principle is to transmit a communication on a frequency.

原理是在频率上传输通信。

 

It’s what we call FDMA, Frequency Division Multiple Access.

这就是我们所说的FDMA，频分多址。

 

The life of these networks was approximately from 1980 to 1995.

这些网络的寿命大约是从1980年到1995年。

 

A huge innovation was the deployment of a network based on digital transmission: GSM or“Groupe Spécial Mobile” in the beginning, when it was in French, and now, Global System for Mobile Communications,now that it’s global.

一项巨大的创新是基于数字传输的网络部署：GSM或“GroupeSpécialMobile”一开始就是法语，现在是全球移动通信系统，现在它已经全球化。

 

GSM is still used frequently today.

GSM今天仍然经常使用。

 

The principle is to use one frequency to transmit several communications by dividing the time into slots, each slot supporting one communication.

原理是使用一个频率通过将时间分成时隙来传输多个通信，每个时隙支持一个通信。

 

This is called TDMA, Time Division Multiple Access.

这称为TDMA，时分多址。

 

These networks are called second generation: they only enabled telephony and the exchange of SMS,Short Message Services.

这些网络被称为第二代：它们只启用电话和SMS，短消息服务的交换。

 

With the development of the Internet in the 90s, there was a,, need to have mobile access to the Internet.

随着90年代互联网的发展，需要移动访问互联网。

 

This was managed by adding procedures and equipment to the GSM network.

这是通过向GSM网络添加程序和设备来管理的。

 

This is called GPRS, Global Packet Radio Service.

这称为GPRS，全球分组无线电服务。

 

With an evolution called EDGE, Enhanced Data Rate for the GSM Evolution, the throughput was increased in comparison with what was initially possible with GPRS.

随着用于GSM演进的EDGE，增强数据速率的演进，与最初可能的GPRS相比，吞吐量增加。

 

The principle of GPRS is to supply a service of packet transmission and to use packet access and new modulations on the radio channel.

GPRS的原理是提供分组传输服务并在无线电信道上使用分组接入和新的调制。

 

IP access is possible, at best, at 100 kilobits per second in a network with a low load.

在低负载的网络中，IP访问最多可以是每秒100千比特。

 

This throughput is therefore relatively low.

因此，该吞吐量相对较低。

 

Starting in the 90s,the specification of a new system was created which permitted higher throughputs: it’s UMTS, Universal Mobile Telecommunication System.

从90年代开始，创建了一个新系统的规范，允许更高的吞吐量：它是UMTS，通用移动电信系统。

 

The technology used by UMTS is based on spread spectrum.

UMTS使用的技术基于扩频。

 

This technology is called CDMA, Code Division Multiple Access.

该技术称为CDMA，码分多址。

 

The first networks were deployed starting in 2002-2003 and are still operational.

第一批网络从2002 - 2003年开始部署，仍在运行。

 

It’s possible to access an IP network at typically one megabit per second.

可以以每秒一兆比特的速度访问IP网络。

 

So, it’s still relatively limited, even if it’s better than for second generation networks.

因此，它仍然相对有限，即使它比第二代网络更好。

 

The third generation was completed by what is sometimes called the 3.9 generation, with HSDPA,High Speed Data Packet Access.

第三代由有时称为3.9代的HSDPA，高速数据分组接入完成。

 

Throughputs were increased using a new modulation, going up to 10 megabits per second.

使用新的调制增加了吞吐量，每秒高达10兆比特。

 

HSDPA was deployed starting in 2008.

HSDPA从2008年开始部署。

 

Fourth generation has a different approach.

第四代有不同的方法。

 

Up ‘till now, a lot of services ware specified in mobile networks.

到目前为止，移动网络中指定了许多服务。

 

The principle of fourth generation is to say,Now, we have a lot of services available on IP, voice over IP,videophone, web browsing, social networks, and so on;Therefore, it’s not useful to define services specific to a mobile network.

第四代的原则是，现在，我们在IP，IP语音，可视电话，网络浏览，社交网络等方面提供了大量服务;因此，定义特定于移动网络的服务是没有用的。

 

What a 4G network provides is “just” the transmission of IP packets from a mobile terminal to a fixed or mobile server or the other way around.

4G网络提供的是“仅仅”从移动终端到固定或移动服务器的IP分组的传输或者反过来。

 

Therefore, the only service provided in 4G is high throughput IP access:it can go up to100 megabits per second.

因此，4G中提供的唯一服务是高吞吐量IP访问：它可以达到每秒100兆比特。

 

The technology in Europe and throughout the world corresponding to 4G is called LTE for Long Term Evolution.

欧洲和全世界对应4G的技术称为LTE用于长期演进。

 

The term “Evolution” is poorly chosen,because It’s not an evolution, it’s really a different system to 3G or 3.9G.

“进化”一词选择不当，因为它不是一个演变，它实际上是一个与3G或3.9G不同的系统。

 

Transmission on the radio interface is based on OFDMA,Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access.

无线电接口上的传输基于OFDMA，正交频分多址。

 

It’s the type of transmission used in a large number of systems, such as digital television, ADSL, and many others.

它是在大量系统中使用的传输类型，例如数字电视，ADSL和许多其他系统。

 

The benefit of OFDMA is that, by using mathematical processing, it enables parallel transmissions.

OFDMA的好处是，通过使用数学处理，它实现了并行传输。

 

So, we have the possibility of having high throughput.

因此，我们有可能拥有高吞吐量。

 

Because we’re making a large number of transmissions in parallel, each transmission is actually done with medium throughput.

因为我们并行进行大量传输，所以每次传输实际上都是以中等吞吐量完成的。

 

LTE networks have been deployed since 2010 and now the coverage of this type of network is very large in Europe and throughout the world.

自2010年以来已经部署了LTE网络，现在这种网络的覆盖范围在欧洲和全世界都非常大。

 

This is the technology that we’re going to look at in this course.

这是我们将在本课程中看到的技术。

 

But a certain number of principles, even if the system is completely new, have been picked up from preceding generations.

但是，即使系统是全新的，一定数量的原则也已从前几代中汲取。

 

The 4G system is relatively well designed and well structured.

4G系统设计相对精良，结构合理。

 

For that reason, this course can also be used as an introductory course to the mobile network, independently of the generation.

因此，本课程也可以作为移动网络的入门课程，独立于一代。

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/sec875/articles/9865191.html