Unit 6: Systems Administration 6.1 Systems Administration DHCP's DORA

ABOUT THIS VIDEO

DORA (Discover, Offer, Request, and Acknowledge) is the general process to request and receive an IP address from a DHCP server.

DORA(发现、提供、请求和确认)是从DHCP服务器请求和接收IP地址的通用过程。

 

>> The general process of a client requesting and getting an IP address
from a DHCP server is DORA, which is an acronym for four specific DHCP message types.

客户机从DHCP服务器请求和获取IP地址的一般过程是DORA，它是四种特定DHCP消息类型的缩写。

 

Discover, offer, request, and ack, short for acknowledge.

Discover、offer、request和ack是“确认”的缩写。

 

A client device will broadcast a DHCP Discover message at both Layer 2 and Layer 3.

客户端设备将在第2层和第3层广播DHCP发现消息。

 

The Layer 3 broadcast address is 255.
255.
255.
255.

第三层广播地址是255.255.255.255。

 

The Layer 2 broadcast address is 12 Fs.

For the source IP address, the client uses the unspecified address of 0.
0.
0.
0, quad zero.

第二层广播地址是12fs。

对于源IP地址，客户机使用未指定的地址0.0.0.0 quad zero。

 

The client's default gateway also acting as its relay agent, will need to be preconfigured
to know about the DHCP servers in the autonomous system.

客户机的默认网关也充当其中继代理，需要预先配置，以了解自治系统中的DHCP服务器。

 

When this router interface sees the broadcast traffic and inspects the UDP datagram
to see a DHCP Discover message, the router will replace both the frame and the packet
and send the UDP datagram as a unicast message in a new frame and packet to a DHCP server
through the normal routing process.

当这个路由器界面看到广播流量和检查UDP数据报看到一个DHCP发现信息,路由器将取代框架和数据包并发送UDP数据报的单播消息在一个新的框架和包一个DHCP服务器通过正常的路由过程。

 

The server, when it gets the DHCP Discover, which is now unicast,
will check to see the relay agent's IP address,
which was added to the DHCP portion of the message.

服务器在获得DHCP Discover(现在是单播)时，将检查中继代理的IP地址，该地址被添加到消息的DHCP部分。

 

This allows the DCHP server to know which network the client is on
and give the client an address accordingly.

这允许DCHP服务器知道客户机所在的网络，并相应地给客户机一个地址。

 

The gateway will always be on the same network as the client.

Assuming a subnet mask for all networks of 255.
255.
0.
0,
which means the first two octets are network octets and the last two octets are host octets.

网关将始终与客户机在同一网络上。

假设255.255.0.0的所有网络都有一个子网掩码，这意味着前两个八位是网络八位，后两个八位是主机八位。

 

If the router's IP address is 10.
1.
0.
99,
the DHCP server will give the client an IP address that starts with 10.1.

如果路由器的IP地址是10.1.0.99,DHCP服务器将给客户机一个以10.1.开头的IP地址。

 

If the router's IP address is 10.
2.
0.
99,
the DHCP server will give the client an IP address that starts with 10.
2.

如果路由器的IP地址是10.2.0.99,DHCP服务器将给客户机一个以10.2开头的IP地址。

 

The DHCP server will also give other pieces of information to the DHCP client,
including subnet mask, default gateway IP address,
DHCP server addresses, DNS server addresses, and more.

DHCP服务器还将向DHCP客户机提供其他信息，包括子网掩码、默认网关IP地址、DHCP服务器地址、DNS服务器地址等等。

 

The server sends a DHCP offer in a unicast message back to the relay agent
who relays it back to the client.

服务器以单播消息的形式向中继代理发送DHCP报价，中继代理将其转发回客户机。

 

Most dedicated DHCP servers will send this back as a unicast message
to the client with or without a relay agent.

大多数专用DHCP服务器都将此消息作为单播消息发送回客户机，无论是否使用中继代理。

 

Even though the client doesn't yet have true possession of the IP address,
the DHCP servers we have at home run in that little box that everyone simply calls router.

即使客户端还没有真正拥有IP地址，我们家里的DHCP服务器在那个小盒子里运行，每个人都叫它路由器。

 

In that box, the DHCP service is not as robust as it is on an enterprise server
and will almost always send traffic from the server back to the client
as a broadcast during this process.

在这种情况下，DHCP服务不像在企业服务器上那样健壮，在此过程中几乎总是将来自服务器的流量作为广播发送回客户机。

 

Then, the client will send a DHCP request message again
with a destination broadcast address and a source IP address of quad zero.

然后，客户机将再次发送一条DHCP请求消息，其中包含目标广播地址和源IP地址quad zero。

 

As mentioned, the client might actually be reading messages to the unicast address
that is still not fully bound to the nick.

如前所述，客户机实际上可能正在将消息读取到仍然没有完全绑定到nick的单播地址。

 

However, the client can't send unicast messages
since the client doesn't yet officially have the address.

但是，客户机不能发送单播消息，因为客户机还没有正式的地址。

 

So the client has to use the unspecified quad zero address as the source
and a broadcast address as the destination.

因此，客户机必须使用未指定的四元零地址作为源地址，并使用广播地址作为目标地址。

 

Once again, the relay agent turns this into a unicast and sends it to the DHCP server.

中继代理再次将其转换为单播并将其发送到DHCP服务器。

 

The DHCP server in turn, will send a DHCP Ack message.

反过来，DHCP服务器将发送一条DHCP Ack消息。

 

After the client gets the DHCP Ack from the relay agent, the client will now be able
to start sending unicast messages from this IP address.

客户机从中继代理获得DHCP Ack后，现在可以开始从这个IP地址发送单播消息。

 

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/sec875/articles/10380955.html