1.修改表名
格式:sp_rename tablename,newtablename
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sp_rename tablename,newtablename
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2.修改字段名
格式:sp_rename 'tablename.colname',newcolname,'column'
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sp_rename
'tablename.colname'
,newcolname,
'column'
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3.添加字段
格式:alter table table_name add new_column data_type [interality_codition]
示例1
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ALTER
TABLE
student
Add
nationality
varchar
(20)
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--示例2 添加int类型的列,默认值为 0
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alter
table
student
add
studentName
int
default
0
--示例3 添加int类型的列,默认值为0,主键
alter
table
student
add
studentId
int
primary
key
default
0
--示例4 判断student中是否存在name字段且删除字段
if exists(
select
*
from
syscolumns
where
id=object_id(
'student'
)
and
name
=
'name'
)
begin
alter
table
student
DROP
COLUMN
name
end
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4.更改字段
格式:alter table table_name alter column column_name
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ALTER
TABLE
student
ALTER
COLUMN
name
VARCHAR
(200)
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5.删除字段
格式:alter table table_name drop column column_name
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ALTER
TABLE
student
DROP
COLUMN
nationality;
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6.查看字段约束
格式: select * from information_schema.constraint_column_usage where TABLE_NAME = table_name
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SELECT
TABLE_NAME,COLUMN_NAME,CONSTRAINT_NAME
FROM
information_schema.CONSTRAINT_COLUMN_USAGE
WHERE
TABLE_NAME =
'student'
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7.查看字段缺省约束表达式 (即默认值等)
格式:select * from information_schema.columns where TABLE_NAME = table_name
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SELECT
TABLE_NAME, COLUMN_NAME, COLUMN_DEFAULT
FROM
information_schema.COLUMNS
WHERE
TABLE_NAME=
'student'
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8.查看字段缺省约束名
格式:select name from sysobjects where object_id(table_name)=parent_obj and xtype='D'
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select
name
from
sysobjects
where
object_id(
'表?名?'
)=parent_obj
and
xtype=
'D'
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9.删除字段约束
格式:alter table tablename drop constraint constraintname
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ALTER
TABLE
student
DROP
CONSTRAINT
PK__student__2F36BC5B772B9A0B
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10.添加字段约束
格式:alter table tablename add constraint constraintname primary key (column_name)
--示例1
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ALTER
TABLE
stuInfo
ADD
CONSTRAINT
PK_stuNo
PRIMARY
KEY
(stuNo)
--示例2 添加主键约束(Primary Key)
-- 存在主键约束PK_stuNO,则删除
IF EXISTS(
SELECT
*
FROM
sysobjects
WHERE
name
=
'PK_stuNo'
and
xtype=
'PK'
)
Alter
TABLE
stuInfo
Drop
Constraint
PK_stuNo
Go
-- 重新添加主键约束PK_stuNO
ALTER
TABLE
stuInfo
ADD
CONSTRAINT
PK_stuNo
PRIMARY
KEY
(stuNo)
Go
--示例3 添加 唯一UQ约束(Unique Constraint)
-- 存在唯一约束UQ_stuNO,则删除
IF EXISTS(
SELECT
*
FROM
sysobjects
WHERE
name
=
'UQ_stuID'
and
xtype=
'UQ'
)
Alter
TABLE
stuInfo
Drop
Constraint
UQ_stuID
Go
-- 重新添加唯一约束UQ_stuID
ALTER
TABLE
stuInfo
ADD
CONSTRAINT
UQ_stuID
UNIQUE
(stuID)
--示例4 添加默认DF约束(Default Constraint)
-- 存在默认约束UQ_stuNO,则删除
IF EXISTS(
SELECT
*
FROM
sysobjects
WHERE
name
=
'DF_stuAddress'
and
xtype=
'D'
)
Alter
TABLE
stuInfo
Drop
Constraint
DF_stuAddress
Go
-- 重新添加默认约束DF_stuAddress
ALTER
TABLE
stuInfo
ADD
CONSTRAINT
DF_stuAddress
DEFAULT
(
'地址不详'
)
FOR
stuAddress
--示例5 检查CK约束(Check Constraint)
-- 存在检查约束UQ_stuNO,则删除
IF EXISTS(
SELECT
*
FROM
sysobjects
WHERE
name
=
'CK_stuAge'
and
xtype=
'C'
)
Alter
TABLE
stuInfo
Drop
Cons
|