【知识积累】@Component和@Configuration的区别

首先我们直接看@Configuration的代码：

@Configuration是包含@Component注解的，所以我们可以认为@Configuration在@Component的基础上做了什么事情？

先说答案：

@Configuration 中所有带 @Bean 注解的方法都会被动态代理，因此调用该方法返回的都是同一个实例。

看看代码：

/**
	 * Post-processes a BeanFactory in search of Configuration class BeanDefinitions;
	 * any candidates are then enhanced by a {@link ConfigurationClassEnhancer}.
	 * Candidate status is determined by BeanDefinition attribute metadata.
	 * @see ConfigurationClassEnhancer
	 *
	 * Spring 容器在启动时，会加载默认的一些 PostPRocessor，其中就有 ConfigurationClassPostProcessor，
	 * 这个后置处理程序专门处理带有 @Configuration 注解的类，这个程序会在 bean 定义加载完成后，在 bean 初始化前进行处理。
	 * 主要处理的过程就是使用 cglib 动态代理增强类，而且是对其中带有 @Bean 注解的方法进行处理。
	 */
	public void enhanceConfigurationClasses(ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory) {
		Map<String, AbstractBeanDefinition> configBeanDefs = new LinkedHashMap<>();
		for (String beanName : beanFactory.getBeanDefinitionNames()) {
			BeanDefinition beanDef = beanFactory.getBeanDefinition(beanName);
			Object configClassAttr = beanDef.getAttribute(ConfigurationClassUtils.CONFIGURATION_CLASS_ATTRIBUTE);
			MethodMetadata methodMetadata = null;
			if (beanDef instanceof AnnotatedBeanDefinition) {
				methodMetadata = ((AnnotatedBeanDefinition) beanDef).getFactoryMethodMetadata();
			}
			if ((configClassAttr != null || methodMetadata != null) && beanDef instanceof AbstractBeanDefinition) {
				// Configuration class (full or lite) or a configuration-derived @Bean method
				// -> resolve bean class at this point...
				AbstractBeanDefinition abd = (AbstractBeanDefinition) beanDef;
				if (!abd.hasBeanClass()) {
					try {
						abd.resolveBeanClass(this.beanClassLoader);
					}
					catch (Throwable ex) {
						throw new IllegalStateException(
								"Cannot load configuration class: " + beanDef.getBeanClassName(), ex);
					}
				}
			}
			if (ConfigurationClassUtils.CONFIGURATION_CLASS_FULL.equals(configClassAttr)) {
				if (!(beanDef instanceof AbstractBeanDefinition)) {
					throw new BeanDefinitionStoreException("Cannot enhance @Configuration bean definition '" +
							beanName + "' since it is not stored in an AbstractBeanDefinition subclass");
				}
				else if (logger.isInfoEnabled() && beanFactory.containsSingleton(beanName)) {
					logger.info("Cannot enhance @Configuration bean definition '" + beanName +
							"' since its singleton instance has been created too early. The typical cause " +
							"is a non-static @Bean method with a BeanDefinitionRegistryPostProcessor " +
							"return type: Consider declaring such methods as 'static'.");
				}
				//将带有Configuration注解的bean加入configBeanDefs这个map中
				configBeanDefs.put(beanName, (AbstractBeanDefinition) beanDef);
			}
		}
		if (configBeanDefs.isEmpty()) {
			// nothing to enhance -> return immediately
			return;
		}

		ConfigurationClassEnhancer enhancer = new ConfigurationClassEnhancer();
		for (Map.Entry<String, AbstractBeanDefinition> entry : configBeanDefs.entrySet()) {
			AbstractBeanDefinition beanDef = entry.getValue();
			// If a @Configuration class gets proxied, always proxy the target class
			beanDef.setAttribute(AutoProxyUtils.PRESERVE_TARGET_CLASS_ATTRIBUTE, Boolean.TRUE);
			// Set enhanced subclass of the user-specified bean class
			Class<?> configClass = beanDef.getBeanClass();
			//生成代理的class
			Class<?> enhancedClass = enhancer.enhance(configClass, this.beanClassLoader);
			if (configClass != enhancedClass) {
				if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
					logger.trace(String.format("Replacing bean definition '%s' existing class '%s' with " +
							"enhanced class '%s'", entry.getKey(), configClass.getName(), enhancedClass.getName()));
				}
				//替换class，将原来的替换为CGlib代理的class，所有带有 @Configuration 注解的 bean 都已经变成了增强的类
				beanDef.setBeanClass(enhancedClass);
			}
		}
	}

/**
	 * Loads the specified class and generates a CGLIB subclass of it equipped with
	 * container-aware callbacks capable of respecting scoping and other bean semantics.
	 * @return the enhanced subclass
	 * 加载指定的类，并为其生成一个CGLIB子类，该子类配备了支持容器的回调，能够遵守作用域和其他bean语义。
	 */
	public Class<?> enhance(Class<?> configClass, @Nullable ClassLoader classLoader) {
		if (EnhancedConfiguration.class.isAssignableFrom(configClass)) {
			if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
				logger.debug(String.format("Ignoring request to enhance %s as it has " +
						"already been enhanced. This usually indicates that more than one " +
						"ConfigurationClassPostProcessor has been registered (e.g. via " +
						"<context:annotation-config>). This is harmless, but you may " +
						"want check your configuration and remove one CCPP if possible",
						configClass.getName()));
			}
			return configClass;
		}
		Class<?> enhancedClass = createClass(newEnhancer(configClass, classLoader));
		if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
			logger.trace(String.format("Successfully enhanced %s; enhanced class name is: %s",
					configClass.getName(), enhancedClass.getName()));
		}
		return enhancedClass;
	}

/**
	 * Creates a new CGLIB {@link Enhancer} instance.
	 * 创建一个新的CGLIB Enhancer实例。
	 */
	private Enhancer newEnhancer(Class<?> configSuperClass, @Nullable ClassLoader classLoader) {
		Enhancer enhancer = new Enhancer();
		enhancer.setSuperclass(configSuperClass);
		enhancer.setInterfaces(new Class<?>[] {EnhancedConfiguration.class});
		enhancer.setUseFactory(false);
		enhancer.setNamingPolicy(SpringNamingPolicy.INSTANCE);
		enhancer.setStrategy(new BeanFactoryAwareGeneratorStrategy(classLoader));
		//通过 cglib 代理的类在调用方法时，会通过 CallbackFilter 调用
		enhancer.setCallbackFilter(CALLBACK_FILTER);
		enhancer.setCallbackTypes(CALLBACK_FILTER.getCallbackTypes());
		return enhancer;
	}

// The callbacks to use. Note that these callbacks must be stateless.
	//要使用的回调。请注意，这些回调必须是无状态的。
	private static final Callback[] CALLBACKS = new Callback[] {
			new BeanMethodInterceptor(),
			new BeanFactoryAwareMethodInterceptor(),
			NoOp.INSTANCE
	};

	private static final ConditionalCallbackFilter CALLBACK_FILTER = new ConditionalCallbackFilter(CALLBACKS);

/**
		 * 就是当方法有 @Bean 注解的时候，就会执行这个回调方法。
		 * @param candidateMethod
		 * @return
		 */
		@Override
		public boolean isMatch(Method candidateMethod) {
			return (candidateMethod.getDeclaringClass() != Object.class &&
					!BeanFactoryAwareMethodInterceptor.isSetBeanFactory(candidateMethod) &&
					BeanAnnotationHelper.isBeanAnnotated(candidateMethod));
		}

/**
		 * Enhance a {@link Bean @Bean} method to check the supplied BeanFactory for the
		 * existence of this bean object.
		 * 增强{@link Bean @Bean}方法来检查提供的BeanFactory是否存在此bean对象。
		 * @throws Throwable as a catch-all for any exception that may be thrown when invoking the
		 * super implementation of the proxied method i.e., the actual {@code @Bean} method
		 */
		@Override
		@Nullable
		public Object intercept(Object enhancedConfigInstance, Method beanMethod, Object[] beanMethodArgs,
					MethodProxy cglibMethodProxy) throws Throwable {
			//首先通过反射从增强的 Configuration 注解类中获取 beanFactory
			ConfigurableBeanFactory beanFactory = getBeanFactory(enhancedConfigInstance);
			//然后通过方法获取 beanName，默认为方法名，可以通过 @Bean 注解指定
			String beanName = BeanAnnotationHelper.determineBeanNameFor(beanMethod);

			// Determine whether this bean is a scoped-proxy
			//确定这个 bean 是否指定了代理的范围
			//默认下面 if 条件 false 不会执行
			if (BeanAnnotationHelper.isScopedProxy(beanMethod)) {
				String scopedBeanName = ScopedProxyCreator.getTargetBeanName(beanName);
				if (beanFactory.isCurrentlyInCreation(scopedBeanName)) {
					beanName = scopedBeanName;
				}
			}

			// To handle the case of an inter-bean method reference, we must explicitly check the
			// container for already cached instances.
			//要处理bean间方法引用的情况，必须显式检查容器中是否已缓存实例。

			// First, check to see if the requested bean is a FactoryBean. If so, create a subclass
			// proxy that intercepts calls to getObject() and returns any cached bean instance.
			// This ensures that the semantics of calling a FactoryBean from within @Bean methods
			// is the same as that of referring to a FactoryBean within XML. See SPR-6602.
			//首先，检查所请求的bean是否为FactoryBean。如果是这样，则创建一个子类代理，以拦截对getObject（）的调用并返回所有缓存的Bean实例。
			// 这确保从@Bean方法中调用FactoryBean的语义与在XML中引用FactoryBean的语义相同。请参阅SPR-6602。
			if (factoryContainsBean(beanFactory, BeanFactory.FACTORY_BEAN_PREFIX + beanName) &&
					factoryContainsBean(beanFactory, beanName)) {
				Object factoryBean = beanFactory.getBean(BeanFactory.FACTORY_BEAN_PREFIX + beanName);
				if (factoryBean instanceof ScopedProxyFactoryBean) {
					// Scoped proxy factory beans are a special case and should not be further proxied
				}
				else {
					// It is a candidate FactoryBean - go ahead with enhancement
					return enhanceFactoryBean(factoryBean, beanMethod.getReturnType(), beanFactory, beanName);
				}
			}

			//判断当前方法中正在执行的方法是否有 @Bean 方法
			//如果正在执行的方法也有 @Bean 注解，那么这个返回值就是 false.
			if (isCurrentlyInvokedFactoryMethod(beanMethod)) {
				// The factory is calling the bean method in order to instantiate and register the bean
				// (i.e. via a getBean() call) -> invoke the super implementation of the method to actually
				// create the bean instance.
				//工厂正在调用bean方法以便实例化并注册bean（即通过getBean（）调用）->调用该方法的父类实现以实际创建bean实例。

				// 判断返回值类型，如果是 BeanFactoryPostProcessor 就写警告日志
				if (logger.isInfoEnabled() &&
						BeanFactoryPostProcessor.class.isAssignableFrom(beanMethod.getReturnType())) {
					logger.info(String.format("@Bean method %s.%s is non-static and returns an object " +
									"assignable to Spring's BeanFactoryPostProcessor interface. This will " +
									"result in a failure to process annotations such as @Autowired, " +
									"@Resource and @PostConstruct within the method's declaring " +
									"@Configuration class. Add the 'static' modifier to this method to avoid " +
									"these container lifecycle issues; see @Bean javadoc for complete details.",
							beanMethod.getDeclaringClass().getSimpleName(), beanMethod.getName()));
				}
				//直接调用原方法创建 bean
				return cglibMethodProxy.invokeSuper(enhancedConfigInstance, beanMethodArgs);
			}
			return resolveBeanReference(beanMethod, beanMethodArgs, beanFactory, beanName);
		}