// Copyright 2014 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
// Package context defines the Context type, which carries deadlines,
// cancellation signals, and other request-scoped values across API boundaries
// and between processes.
//
// Incoming requests to a server should create a Context, and outgoing
// calls to servers should accept a Context. The chain of function
// calls between them must propagate the Context, optionally replacing
// it with a derived Context created using WithCancel, WithDeadline,
// WithTimeout, or WithValue. When a Context is canceled, all
// Contexts derived from it are also canceled.
//
// The WithCancel, WithDeadline, and WithTimeout functions take a
// Context (the parent) and return a derived Context (the child) and a
// CancelFunc. Calling the CancelFunc cancels the child and its
// children, removes the parent's reference to the child, and stops
// any associated timers. Failing to call the CancelFunc leaks the
// child and its children until the parent is canceled or the timer
// fires. The go vet tool checks that CancelFuncs are used on all
// control-flow paths.
//
// Programs that use Contexts should follow these rules to keep interfaces
// consistent across packages and enable static analysis tools to check context
// propagation:
//
// Do not store Contexts inside a struct type; instead, pass a Context
// explicitly to each function that needs it. The Context should be the first
// parameter, typically named ctx:
//
// func DoSomething(ctx context.Context, arg Arg) error {
// // ... use ctx ...
// }
//
// Do not pass a nil Context, even if a function permits it. Pass context.TODO
// if you are unsure about which Context to use.
//
// Use context Values only for request-scoped data that transits processes and
// APIs, not for passing optional parameters to functions.
//
// The same Context may be passed to functions running in different goroutines;
// Contexts are safe for simultaneous use by multiple goroutines.
//
// See https://blog.golang.org/context for example code for a server that uses
// Contexts.
package context
import (
"errors"
"internal/reflectlite"
"sync"
"sync/atomic"
"time"
)
// A Context carries a deadline, a cancellation signal, and other values across
// API boundaries.
//
// Context's methods may be called by multiple goroutines simultaneously.
type Context interface {
// Deadline returns the time when work done on behalf of this context
// should be canceled. Deadline returns ok==false when no deadline is
// set. Successive calls to Deadline return the same results.
Deadline() (deadline time.Time, ok bool)
// Done returns a channel that's closed when work done on behalf of this
// context should be canceled. Done may return nil if this context can
// never be canceled. Successive calls to Done return the same value.
// The close of the Done channel may happen asynchronously,
// after the cancel function returns.
//
// WithCancel arranges for Done to be closed when cancel is called;
// WithDeadline arranges for Done to be closed when the deadline
// expires; WithTimeout arranges for Done to be closed when the timeout
// elapses.
//
// Done is provided for use in select statements:
//
// // Stream generates values with DoSomething and sends them to out
// // until DoSomething returns an error or ctx.Done is closed.
// func Stream(ctx context.Context, out chan<- Value) error {
// for {
// v, err := DoSomething(ctx)
// if err != nil {
// return err
// }
// select {
// case <-ctx.Done():
// return ctx.Err()
// case out <- v:
// }
// }
// }
//
// See https://blog.golang.org/pipelines for more examples of how to use
// a Done channel for cancellation.
Done() <-chan struct{}
// If Done is not yet closed, Err returns nil.
// If Done is closed, Err returns a non-nil error explaining why:
// Canceled if the context was canceled
// or DeadlineExceeded if the context's deadline passed.
// After Err returns a non-nil error, successive calls to Err return the same error.
Err() error
// Value returns the value associated with this context for key, or nil
// if no value is associated with key. Successive calls to Value with
// the same key returns the same result.
//
// Use context values only for request-scoped data that transits
// processes and API boundaries, not for passing optional parameters to
// functions.
//
// A key identifies a specific value in a Context. Functions that wish
// to store values in Context typically allocate a key in a global
// variable then use that key as the argument to context.WithValue and
// Context.Value. A key can be any type that supports equality;
// packages should define keys as an unexported type to avoid
// collisions.
//
// Packages that define a Context key should provide type-safe accessors
// for the values stored using that key:
//
// // Package user defines a User type that's stored in Contexts.
// package user
//
// import "context"
//
// // User is the type of value stored in the Contexts.
// type User struct {...}
//
// // key is an unexported type for keys defined in this package.
// // This prevents collisions with keys defined in other packages.
// type key int
//
// // userKey is the key for user.User values in Contexts. It is
// // unexported; clients use user.NewContext and user.FromContext
// // instead of using this key directly.
// var userKey key
//
// // NewContext returns a new Context that carries value u.
// func NewContext(ctx context.Context, u *User) context.Context {
// return context.WithValue(ctx, userKey, u)
// }
//
// // FromContext returns the User value stored in ctx, if any.
// func FromContext(ctx context.Context) (*User, bool) {
// u, ok := ctx.Value(userKey).(*User)
// return u, ok
// }
Value(key interface{}) interface{}
}
// Canceled is the error returned by Context.Err when the context is canceled.
var Canceled = errors.New("context canceled")
// DeadlineExceeded is the error returned by Context.Err when the context's
// deadline passes.
var DeadlineExceeded error = deadlineExceededError{}
type deadlineExceededError struct{}
func (deadlineExceededError) Error() string { return "context deadline exceeded" }
func (deadlineExceededError) Timeout() bool { return true }
func (deadlineExceededError) Temporary() bool { return true }
// An emptyCtx is never canceled, has no values, and has no deadline. It is not
// struct{}, since vars of this type must have distinct addresses.
type emptyCtx int
func (*emptyCtx) Deadline() (deadline time.Time, ok bool) {
return
}
func (*emptyCtx) Done() <-chan struct{} {
return nil
}
func (*emptyCtx) Err() error {
return nil
}
func (*emptyCtx) Value(key interface{}) interface{} {
return nil
}
func (e *emptyCtx) String() string {
switch e {
case background:
return "context.Background"
case todo:
return "context.TODO"
}
return "unknown empty Context"
}
var (
background = new(emptyCtx)
todo = new(emptyCtx)
)
// Background returns a non-nil, empty Context. It is never canceled, has no
// values, and has no deadline. It is typically used by the main function,
// initialization, and tests, and as the top-level Context for incoming
// requests.
func Background() Context {
return background
}
// TODO returns a non-nil, empty Context. Code should use context.TODO when
// it's unclear which Context to use or it is not yet available (because the
// surrounding function has not yet been extended to accept a Context
// parameter).
func TODO() Context {
return todo
}
// A CancelFunc tells an operation to abandon its work.
// A CancelFunc does not wait for the work to stop.
// A CancelFunc may be called by multiple goroutines simultaneously.
// After the first call, subsequent calls to a CancelFunc do nothing.
type CancelFunc func()
// WithCancel returns a copy of parent with a new Done channel. The returned
// context's Done channel is closed when the returned cancel function is called
// or when the parent context's Done channel is closed, whichever happens first.
//
// Canceling this context releases resources associated with it, so code should
// call cancel as soon as the operations running in this Context complete.
func WithCancel(parent Context) (ctx Context, cancel CancelFunc) {
c := newCancelCtx(parent)
propagateCancel(parent, &c)
return &c, func() { c.cancel(true, Canceled) }
}
// newCancelCtx returns an initialized cancelCtx.
func newCancelCtx(parent Context) cancelCtx {
return cancelCtx{Context: parent}
}
// goroutines counts the number of goroutines ever created; for testing.
var goroutines int32
// propagateCancel arranges for child to be canceled when parent is.
func propagateCancel(parent Context, child canceler) {
done := parent.Done()
if done == nil {
return // parent is never canceled
}
select {
case <-done:
// parent is already canceled
child.cancel(false, parent.Err())
return
default:
}
if p, ok := parentCancelCtx(parent); ok {
p.mu.Lock()
if p.err != nil {
// parent has already been canceled
child.cancel(false, p.err)
} else {
if p.children == nil {
p.children = make(map[canceler]struct{})
}
p.children[child] = struct{}{}
}
p.mu.Unlock()
} else {
atomic.AddInt32(&goroutines, +1)
go func() {
select {
case <-parent.Done():
child.cancel(false, parent.Err())
case <-child.Done():
}
}()
}
}
// &cancelCtxKey is the key that a cancelCtx returns itself for.
var cancelCtxKey int
// parentCancelCtx returns the underlying *cancelCtx for parent.
// It does this by looking up parent.Value(&cancelCtxKey) to find
// the innermost enclosing *cancelCtx and then checking whether
// parent.Done() matches that *cancelCtx. (If not, the *cancelCtx
// has been wrapped in a custom implementation providing a
// different done channel, in which case we should not bypass it.)
func parentCancelCtx(parent Context) (*cancelCtx, bool) {
done := parent.Done()
if done == closedchan || done == nil {
return nil, false
}
p, ok := parent.Value(&cancelCtxKey).(*cancelCtx)
if !ok {
return nil, false
}
p.mu.Lock()
ok = p.done == done
p.mu.Unlock()
if !ok {
return nil, false
}
return p, true
}
// removeChild removes a context from its parent.
func removeChild(parent Context, child canceler) {
p, ok := parentCancelCtx(parent)
if !ok {
return
}
p.mu.Lock()
if p.children != nil {
delete(p.children, child)
}
p.mu.Unlock()
}
// A canceler is a context type that can be canceled directly. The
// implementations are *cancelCtx and *timerCtx.
type canceler interface {
cancel(removeFromParent bool, err error)
Done() <-chan struct{}
}
// closedchan is a reusable closed channel.
var closedchan = make(chan struct{})
func init() {
close(closedchan)
}
// A cancelCtx can be canceled. When canceled, it also cancels any children
// that implement canceler.
type cancelCtx struct {
Context
mu sync.Mutex // protects following fields
done chan struct{} // created lazily, closed by first cancel call
children map[canceler]struct{} // set to nil by the first cancel call
err error // set to non-nil by the first cancel call
}
func (c *cancelCtx) Value(key interface{}) interface{} {
if key == &cancelCtxKey {
return c
}
return c.Context.Value(key)
}
func (c *cancelCtx) Done() <-chan struct{} {
c.mu.Lock()
if c.done == nil {
c.done = make(chan struct{})
}
d := c.done
c.mu.Unlock()
return d
}
func (c *cancelCtx) Err() error {
c.mu.Lock()
err := c.err
c.mu.Unlock()
return err
}
type stringer interface {
String() string
}
func contextName(c Context) string {
if s, ok := c.(stringer); ok {
return s.String()
}
return reflectlite.TypeOf(c).String()
}
func (c *cancelCtx) String() string {
return contextName(c.Context) + ".WithCancel"
}
// cancel closes c.done, cancels each of c's children, and, if
// removeFromParent is true, removes c from its parent's children.
func (c *cancelCtx) cancel(removeFromParent bool, err error) {
if err == nil {
panic("context: internal error: missing cancel error")
}
c.mu.Lock()
if c.err != nil {
c.mu.Unlock()
return // already canceled
}
c.err = err
if c.done == nil {
c.done = closedchan
} else {
close(c.done)
}
for child := range c.children {
// NOTE: acquiring the child's lock while holding parent's lock.
child.cancel(false, err)
}
c.children = nil
c.mu.Unlock()
if removeFromParent {
removeChild(c.Context, c)
}
}
// WithDeadline returns a copy of the parent context with the deadline adjusted
// to be no later than d. If the parent's deadline is already earlier than d,
// WithDeadline(parent, d) is semantically equivalent to parent. The returned
// context's Done channel is closed when the deadline expires, when the returned
// cancel function is called, or when the parent context's Done channel is
// closed, whichever happens first.
//
// Canceling this context releases resources associated with it, so code should
// call cancel as soon as the operations running in this Context complete.
func WithDeadline(parent Context, d time.Time) (Context, CancelFunc) {
if cur, ok := parent.Deadline(); ok && cur.Before(d) {
// The current deadline is already sooner than the new one.
return WithCancel(parent)
}
c := &timerCtx{
cancelCtx: newCancelCtx(parent),
deadline: d,
}
propagateCancel(parent, c)
dur := time.Until(d)
if dur <= 0 {
c.cancel(true, DeadlineExceeded) // deadline has already passed
return c, func() { c.cancel(false, Canceled) }
}
c.mu.Lock()
defer c.mu.Unlock()
if c.err == nil {
c.timer = time.AfterFunc(dur, func() {
c.cancel(true, DeadlineExceeded)
})
}
return c, func() { c.cancel(true, Canceled) }
}
// A timerCtx carries a timer and a deadline. It embeds a cancelCtx to
// implement Done and Err. It implements cancel by stopping its timer then
// delegating to cancelCtx.cancel.
type timerCtx struct {
cancelCtx
timer *time.Timer // Under cancelCtx.mu.
deadline time.Time
}
func (c *timerCtx) Deadline() (deadline time.Time, ok bool) {
return c.deadline, true
}
func (c *timerCtx) String() string {
return contextName(c.cancelCtx.Context) + ".WithDeadline(" +
c.deadline.String() + " [" +
time.Until(c.deadline).String() + "])"
}
func (c *timerCtx) cancel(removeFromParent bool, err error) {
c.cancelCtx.cancel(false, err)
if removeFromParent {
// Remove this timerCtx from its parent cancelCtx's children.
removeChild(c.cancelCtx.Context, c)
}
c.mu.Lock()
if c.timer != nil {
c.timer.Stop()
c.timer = nil
}
c.mu.Unlock()
}
// WithTimeout returns WithDeadline(parent, time.Now().Add(timeout)).
//
// Canceling this context releases resources associated with it, so code should
// call cancel as soon as the operations running in this Context complete:
//
// func slowOperationWithTimeout(ctx context.Context) (Result, error) {
// ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, 100*time.Millisecond)
// defer cancel() // releases resources if slowOperation completes before timeout elapses
// return slowOperation(ctx)
// }
func WithTimeout(parent Context, timeout time.Duration) (Context, CancelFunc) {
return WithDeadline(parent, time.Now().Add(timeout))
}
// WithValue returns a copy of parent in which the value associated with key is
// val.
//
// Use context Values only for request-scoped data that transits processes and
// APIs, not for passing optional parameters to functions.
//
// The provided key must be comparable and should not be of type
// string or any other built-in type to avoid collisions between
// packages using context. Users of WithValue should define their own
// types for keys. To avoid allocating when assigning to an
// interface{}, context keys often have concrete type
// struct{}. Alternatively, exported context key variables' static
// type should be a pointer or interface.
func WithValue(parent Context, key, val interface{}) Context {
if key == nil {
panic("nil key")
}
if !reflectlite.TypeOf(key).Comparable() {
panic("key is not comparable")
}
return &valueCtx{parent, key, val}
}
// A valueCtx carries a key-value pair. It implements Value for that key and
// delegates all other calls to the embedded Context.
type valueCtx struct {
Context
key, val interface{}
}
// stringify tries a bit to stringify v, without using fmt, since we don't
// want context depending on the unicode tables. This is only used by
// *valueCtx.String().
func stringify(v interface{}) string {
switch s := v.(type) {
case stringer:
return s.String()
case string:
return s
}
return "<not Stringer>"
}
func (c *valueCtx) String() string {
return contextName(c.Context) + ".WithValue(type " +
reflectlite.TypeOf(c.key).String() +
", val " + stringify(c.val) + ")"
}
func (c *valueCtx) Value(key interface{}) interface{} {
if c.key == key {
return c.val
}
return c.Context.Value(key)
}
对于 Golang 开发者来说context（上下文）包一定不会陌生。但很多时候，我们懒惰的只是见过它，或能起到什么作用，并不会去深究它。
golang 的 Context包，是专门用来简化对于处理单个请求的多个goroutine之间与请求域的数据、取消信号、截止时间等相关操作，这些操作可能涉及多个 API 调用。
比如有一个网络请求Request，每个Request都需要开启一个goroutine做一些事情，这些goroutine又可能会开启其他的goroutine。这样的话， 我们就可以通过Context，来跟踪这些goroutine，并且通过Context来控制他们的目的，这就是Go语言为我们提供的Context，中文可以称之为“上下文”。
应用场景：在 Go http 包的 Server 中，每一个请求在都有一个对应的goroutine去处理。请求处理函数通常会启动额外的goroutine用来访问后端服务，比如数据库和 RPC 服务。由于这些goroutine都是在处理同一个请求，所以它们往往需要访问一些共享的资源，比如终端用户的身份认证信息、验证相关的 token、请求的截止时间。当一个请求被取消或超时时，所有用来处理该请求的goroutine都应该迅速退出，然后系统才能释放这些goroutine占用的资源。这中情况需要Context 来取消掉所有的goroutine，
注意：go1.6及之前版本请使用golang.org/x/net/context。go1.7及之后已移到标准库context。
context的使用规范
1.不要把context存储在结构体中，而是要显式地进行传递
2.把context作为第一个参数，并且一般都把变量命名为ctx
3.就算是程序允许，也不要传入一个nil的context，否则在tarce追踪的时候，就会断了连接，如果不知道是否要用context的话，用context.TODO()来替代
4.Context的Value相关方法应该传递必须的数据，不要什么数据都使用这个传递
5.context.WithValue()只用来传递请求范围的值，不要用它来传递可选参数
6.就算是被多个不同的goroutine使用，context也是线程安全的
7.可以把一个 Context 对象传递给任意个数的 gorotuine，对它执行 取消 操作时，所有 goroutine 都会接收到取消信号。
Context 原理
Context 的调用应该是链式的，通过WithCancel，WithDeadline，WithTimeout或WithValue派生出新的 Context。当父 Context 被取消时，其派生的所有 Context 都将取消。
通过context.WithXXX都将返回新的 Context 和 CancelFunc。调用 CancelFunc 将取消子代，移除父代对子代的引用，并且停止所有定时器。未能调用 CancelFunc 将泄漏子代，直到父代被取消或定时器触发。go vet工具检查所有流程控制路径上使用 CancelFuncs。
遵循规则
遵循以下规则，以保持包之间的接口一致，并启用静态分析工具以检查上下文传播。
- 不要将 Contexts 放入结构体，相反context应该作为第一个参数传入，命名为ctx。 func DoSomething（ctx context.Context，arg Arg）error { // … use ctx … }
- 即使函数允许，也不要传入nil的 Context。如果不知道用哪种 Context，可以使context.TODO()。
- 使用context的Value相关方法只应该用于在程序和接口中传递的和请求相关的元数据，不要用它来传递一些可选的参数
- 相同的 Context 可以传递给在不同的goroutine；Context 是并发安全的。
Context 包
context的主要数据结构是一种嵌套的结构或者说是单向的继承关系的结构，比如最初的context是一个小盒子，里面装了一些数据，之后从这个context继承下来的children就像在原本的context中又套上了一个盒子，然后里面装着一些自己的数据。或者说context是一种分层的结构，根据使用场景的不同，每一层context都具备有一些不同的特性，这种层级式的组织也使得context易于扩展，职责清晰。
Context 结构体。
// A Context carries a deadline, cancelation signal, and request-scoped values
// across API boundaries. Its methods are safe for simultaneous use by multiple
// goroutines.
type Context interface {
// Done returns a channel that is closed when this Context is canceled
// or times out.
Done() <-chan struct{}
// Err indicates why this context was canceled, after the Done channel
// is closed.
Err() error
// Deadline returns the time when this Context will be canceled, if any.
Deadline() (deadline time.Time, ok bool)
// Value returns the value associated with key or nil if none.
Value(key interface{}) interface{}
}
-
Done()，返回一个channel。当times out或者调用cancel方法时，将会close掉。Done方法返回一个只读的chan，类型为struct{}，我们在goroutine中，如果该方法返回的chan可以读取，则意味着parent context已经发起了取消请求，我们通过Done方法收到这个信号后，就应该做清理操作，然后退出goroutine，释放资源。之后，Err 方法会返回一个错误，告知为什么 Context 被取消。
-
Err()，返回取消的错误原因。该context为什么被取消掉。
-
Deadline()，返回截止时间和ok。 Deadline方法是获取设置的截止时间的意思，第一个返回式是截止时间，到了这个时间点，Context会自动发起取消请求；第二个返回值ok==false时表示没有设置截止时间，如果需要取消的话，需要调用取消函数进行取消。
-
Value()，返回值。Value方法获取该Context上绑定的值，是一个键值对，所以要通过一个Key才可以获取对应的值，这个值一般是线程安全的。
所有方法
func Background() Context
func TODO() Context
func WithCancel(parent Context) (ctx Context, cancel CancelFunc)
func WithDeadline(parent Context, deadline time.Time) (Context, CancelFunc)
func WithTimeout(parent Context, timeout time.Duration) (Context, CancelFunc)
func WithValue(parent Context, key, val interface{})
Context
上面可以看到Context是一个接口，想要使用就得实现其方法。在context包内部已经为我们实现好了两个空的Context，可以通过调用Background()和TODO()方法获取。一般的将它们作为Context的根，往下派生。
Context 虽然是个接口，但是并不需要使用方实现，golang内置的context 包，已经帮我们实现了2个方法，一般在代码中，开始上下文的时候都是以这两个作为最顶层的parent context，然后再衍生出子context。这些 Context 对象形成一棵树：当一个 Context 对象被取消时，继承自它的所有 Context 都会被取消。两个实现如下：
var (
background = new(emptyCtx)
todo = new(emptyCtx)
)
func Background() Context {
return background
}
func TODO() Context {
return todo
}
一个是Background，主要用于main函数、初始化以及测试代码中，作为Context这个树结构的最顶层的Context，也就是根Context，它不能被取消。
一个是TODO，如果我们不知道该使用什么Context的时候，可以使用这个，但是实际应用中，暂时还没有使用过这个TODO。
他们两个本质上都是emptyCtx结构体类型，是一个不可取消，没有设置截止时间，没有携带任何值的Context。
type emptyCtx int
func (*emptyCtx) Deadline() (deadline time.Time, ok bool) {
return
}
func (*emptyCtx) Done() <-chan struct{} {
return nil
}
func (*emptyCtx) Err() error {
return nil
}
func (*emptyCtx) Value(key interface{}) interface{} {
return nil
}
Context 的 继承
有了如上的根Context，那么是如何衍生更多的子Context的呢？这就要靠context包为我们提供的With系列的函数了。
func WithCancel(parent Context) (ctx Context, cancel CancelFunc)
func WithDeadline(parent Context, deadline time.Time) (Context, CancelFunc)
func WithTimeout(parent Context, timeout time.Duration) (Context, CancelFunc)
func WithValue(parent Context, key, val interface{}) Context
通过这些函数，就创建了一颗Context树，树的每个节点都可以有任意多个子节点，节点层级可以有任意多个。
WithCancel函数，传递一个父Context作为参数，返回子Context，以及一个取消函数用来取消Context。
WithDeadline函数，和WithCancel差不多，它会多传递一个截止时间参数，意味着到了这个时间点，会自动取消Context，当然我们也可以不等到这个时候，可以提前通过取消函数进行取消。
WithTimeout和WithDeadline基本上一样，这个表示是超时自动取消，是多少时间后自动取消Context的意思。
WithValue函数和取消Context无关，它是为了生成一个绑定了一个键值对数据的Context，这个绑定的数据可以通过Context.Value方法访问到，这是我们实际用经常要用到的技巧，一般我们想要通过上下文来传递数据时，可以通过这个方法，如我们需要tarce追踪系统调用栈的时候。
WithCancel 例子
WithCancel 以一个新的 Done channel 返回一个父 Context 的拷贝。
context.WithCancel生成了一个withCancel的实例以及一个cancelFuc，这个函数就是用来关闭ctxWithCancel中的 Done channel 函数。
func WithCancel(parent Context) (ctx Context, cancel CancelFunc) {
c := newCancelCtx(parent)
propagateCancel(parent, &c)
return &c, func() { c.cancel(true, Canceled) }
}
// newCancelCtx returns an initialized cancelCtx.
func newCancelCtx(parent Context) cancelCtx {
return cancelCtx{
Context: parent,
done: make(chan struct{}),
}
}
此示例演示使用一个可取消的上下文，以防止 goroutine 泄漏。示例函数结束时，defer 调用 cancel 方法，gen goroutine 将返回而不泄漏。
package main
import (
"context"
"fmt"
)
func main() {
// gen generates integers in a separate goroutine and
// sends them to the returned channel.
// The callers of gen need to cancel the context once
// they are done consuming generated integers not to leak
// the internal goroutine started by gen.
gen := func(ctx context.Context) <-chan int {
dst := make(chan int)
n := 1
go func() {
for {
select {
case <-ctx.Done():
return // returning not to leak the goroutine
case dst <- n:
n++
}
}
}()
return dst
}
ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
defer cancel() // cancel when we are finished consuming integers
for n := range gen(ctx) {
fmt.Println(n)
if n == 5 {
break
}
}
}
WithDeadline 例子
func WithDeadline(parent Context, deadline time.Time) (Context, CancelFunc) {
if cur, ok := parent.Deadline(); ok && cur.Before(deadline) {
// The current deadline is already sooner than the new one.
return WithCancel(parent)
}
c := &timerCtx{
cancelCtx: newCancelCtx(parent),
deadline: deadline,
}
......
可以清晰的看到，当派生出的子 Context 的deadline在父Context之后，直接返回了一个父Context的拷贝。故语义上等效为父。
WithDeadline 的最后期限调整为不晚于 d 返回父上下文的副本。如果父母的截止日期已经早于 d，WithDeadline （父，d） 是在语义上等效为父。返回的上下文完成的通道关闭的最后期限期满后，返回的取消函数调用时，或当父上下文完成的通道关闭，以先发生者为准。
看看官方例子：
package main
import (
"context"
"fmt"
"time"
)
func main() {
d := time.Now().Add(50 * time.Millisecond)
ctx, cancel := context.WithDeadline(context.Background(), d)
// Even though ctx will be expired, it is good practice to call its
// cancelation function in any case. Failure to do so may keep the
// context and its parent alive longer than necessary.
defer cancel()
select {
case <-time.After(1 * time.Second):
fmt.Println("overslept")
case <-ctx.Done():
fmt.Println(ctx.Err())
}
}
WithTimeout 例子
WithTimeout 返回 WithDeadline(parent, time.Now().Add(timeout))。
func WithTimeout(parent Context, timeout time.Duration) (Context, CancelFunc) {
return WithDeadline(parent, time.Now().Add(timeout))
}
看看官方例子：
package main
import (
"context"
"fmt"
"time"
)
func main() {
// Pass a context with a timeout to tell a blocking function that it
// should abandon its work after the timeout elapses.
ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 50*time.Millisecond)
defer cancel()
select {
case <-time.After(1 * time.Second):
fmt.Println("overslept")
case <-ctx.Done():
fmt.Println(ctx.Err()) // prints "context deadline exceeded"
}
}
WithValue 例子
func WithValue(parent Context, key, val interface{}) Context {
if key == nil {
panic("nil key")
}
if !reflect.TypeOf(key).Comparable() {
panic("key is not comparable")
}
return &valueCtx{parent, key, val}
}
WithValue 返回的父与键关联的值在 val 的副本。
使用上下文值仅为过渡进程和 Api 的请求范围的数据，而不是将可选参数传递给函数。
提供的键必须是可比性和应该不是字符串类型或任何其他内置的类型以避免包使用的上下文之间的碰撞。WithValue 用户应该定义自己的键的类型。为了避免分配分配给接口 {} 时，上下文键经常有具体类型结构 {}。另外，导出的上下文关键变量静态类型应该是一个指针或接口。
看看官方例子：
package main
import (
"context"
"fmt"
)
func main() {
type favContextKey string
f := func(ctx context.Context, k favContextKey) {
if v := ctx.Value(k); v != nil {
fmt.Println("found value:", v)
return
}
fmt.Println("key not found:", k)
}
k := favContextKey("language")
ctx := context.WithValue(context.Background(), k, "Go")
f(ctx, k)
f(ctx, favContextKey("color"))
}
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