16. Windows 单选按钮,复选框,分组框控件

单选按钮(Radio Button)和复选框(Check Box)是常见的Windows控件,用于从给出的选项中选择一项或多项,如下图所示:
在这里插入图片描述
单选按钮是互斥的,只能选择其中一项;而复选框没有限制,可以选择一项或多项。

单选按钮和复选框都是一种特殊的按钮,窗口类名称都是button,只不过增加了一些特殊的窗口样式罢了。单选按钮的样式为BS_AUTORADIOBUTTON,复选框的样式为BS_AUTOCHECKBOX。例如:

//创建一个单选按钮
CreateWindow(
    TEXT("button"), TEXT("单选按钮"),
    WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | BS_LEFT | BS_AUTORADIOBUTTON/*单选按钮*/,
    235, 40, 100, 26,
    hWnd, (HMENU)7, hInst, NULL
);

//创建一个复选框
CreateWindow(
    TEXT("button"), TEXT("复选框"),
    WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | BS_LEFT | BS_AUTOCHECKBOX/*复选框*/,
    95, 70, 50, 26,
    hWnd, (HMENU)9, hInst, NULL
);

如上图所示,单选按钮一般是分组的,一组单选按钮之间是互斥的,只能选择其中一个。一个窗口可以包含多组单选按钮。

要想为单选按钮分组,可以增加WS_GROUP样式。设置了 WS_GROUP 样式的单选框为一组中的首元素,随后的所有单选按钮都和它在同一组,直到下一个设置了 WS_GROUP 样式的单选按钮。

下面的代码,将实现上图中所示的单选按钮和复选框:

#include <Windows.h>

LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM);

HINSTANCE hInst;

int WINAPI WinMain(
	HINSTANCE hInstance,
	HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
	PSTR szCmdLine,
	int iCmdShow
) {
	static TCHAR szClassName[] = TEXT("HelloWin");   //窗口类名
	HWND hwnd;         //窗口句柄
	MSG msg;           //消息
	WNDCLASS wndclass; // 窗口类

	hInst = hInstance;

	 /**********第①步:注册窗口类**********/
	//为窗口类的各个字段赋值
	wndclass.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;	//窗口风格
	wndclass.lpfnWndProc = WndProc;		//窗口过程
	wndclass.cbClsExtra = 0;			//暂时不需要理解
	wndclass.cbWndExtra = 0;			//暂时不需要理解
	wndclass.hInstance = hInstance;			//当前窗口句柄
	wndclass.hIcon = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);	//窗口图标
	wndclass.hCursor = LoadIcon(NULL, IDC_ARROW);		//鼠标样式
	wndclass.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)GetStockObject(WHITE_BRUSH);	//窗口背景画刷
	wndclass.lpszMenuName = NULL;		//窗口菜单
	wndclass.lpszClassName = szClassName; // 窗口类名

	//注册窗口
	RegisterClass(&wndclass);


	/*****第②步:创建窗口(并让窗口显示出来)*****/
	hwnd = CreateWindow(
		szClassName,		//窗口类的名字
		TEXT("Welcome"),		//窗口标题(出现在标题栏)
		WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,	//窗口风格
		CW_USEDEFAULT,			//初始化时x轴的位置
		CW_USEDEFAULT,			//初始化时y轴的位置
		500,			//窗口宽度
		300,			//窗口高度
		NULL,			//父窗口句柄
		NULL,			//窗口菜单句柄
		hInstance,		//当前窗口的句柄
		NULL			//不使用该值
	);

	//显示窗口
	ShowWindow(hwnd, iCmdShow);
	//更新(绘制)窗口
	UpdateWindow(hwnd);


	/**********第③步:消息循环**********/
	while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0))
	{
		TranslateMessage(&msg);
		DispatchMessage(&msg);
	}

	return msg.wParam;
}

/**********第④步:窗口过程**********/
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hWnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
	PAINTSTRUCT ps;   //存储绘图环境的相关信息
	HDC hdc;		  
	
	static HFONT hFont;  //逻辑字体

	//一组单选按钮
	static HWND labSex;  //静态文本框--性别
	static HWND radioMale;  //单选按钮--男
	static HWND radioFemale;  //单选按钮--女
	//一组单选按钮
	static HWND labMarriage;  //静态文本框--婚姻状况
	static HWND radioMarried;  //单选按钮--已婚
	static HWND radioSingle;  //单选按钮--未婚
	static HWND radioSecrecy;  //单选按钮--保密
	//一组复选框
	static HWND labPet;  //静态文本框--你的宠物
	static HWND checkboxDog;  //复选框--狗
	static HWND checkboxCat;  //复选框--猫
	static HWND checkboxFish;  //复选框--鱼
	static HWND checkboxOther;  //复选框--其他

	switch (message)
	{
	case WM_CREATE:	
		//创建逻辑字体
		hFont = CreateFont(
			-14/*高*/, -7/*宽*/, 0, 0, 400 /*一般这个值设为400*/,
			FALSE/*斜体?*/, FALSE/*下划线?*/, FALSE/*删除线?*/, DEFAULT_CHARSET,
			OUT_CHARACTER_PRECIS, CLIP_CHARACTER_PRECIS, DEFAULT_QUALITY,
			FF_DONTCARE, TEXT("微软雅黑")
		);

		//选择性别
		labSex = CreateWindow(
			TEXT("static"), TEXT("你的性别:"),
			WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | SS_CENTERIMAGE | SS_RIGHT/*文字居右*/,
			10, 10, 80, 26,
			hWnd, (HMENU)1, hInst, NULL
		);

		radioMale = CreateWindow(
			TEXT("button"), TEXT("男"),
			WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | BS_LEFT/*文字居左*/ | BS_AUTORADIOBUTTON /*单选按钮*/ | WS_GROUP,
			95, 10, 50, 26,
			hWnd, (HMENU)2, hInst, NULL
		);
		radioFemale = CreateWindow(
			TEXT("button"), TEXT("女"),
			WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | BS_LEFT | BS_AUTORADIOBUTTON,
			150, 10, 50, 26,
			hWnd, (HMENU)2, hInst, NULL
		);


		//选择婚姻状况
		labMarriage = CreateWindow(
			TEXT("static"), TEXT("婚姻状况:"),
			WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | SS_CENTERIMAGE | SS_RIGHT,
			10, 40, 80, 26,
			hWnd, (HMENU)4, hInst, NULL
		);
		radioMarried = CreateWindow(
			TEXT("button"), TEXT("已婚"),
			WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | BS_LEFT | BS_AUTORADIOBUTTON | WS_GROUP,
			95, 40, 65, 26,
			hWnd, (HMENU)5, hInst, NULL
		);
		radioSingle = CreateWindow(
			TEXT("button"), TEXT("未婚"),
			WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | BS_LEFT | BS_AUTORADIOBUTTON,
			165, 40, 65, 26,
			hWnd, (HMENU)6, hInst, NULL
		);
		radioSecrecy = CreateWindow(
			TEXT("button"), TEXT("保密"),
			WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | BS_LEFT | BS_AUTORADIOBUTTON,
			235, 40, 100, 26,
			hWnd, (HMENU)7, hInst, NULL
		);
		//你的宠物
		labPet = CreateWindow(
			TEXT("static"), TEXT("你的宠物:"),
			WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | SS_CENTERIMAGE | SS_RIGHT,
			10, 70, 80, 26,
			hWnd, (HMENU)8, hInst, NULL
		);

		checkboxDog = CreateWindow(
			TEXT("button"), TEXT("狗"),
			WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | BS_LEFT | BS_AUTOCHECKBOX/*复选框*/,
			95, 70, 50, 26,
			hWnd, (HMENU)9, hInst, NULL
		);
		checkboxCat = CreateWindow(
			TEXT("button"), TEXT("猫"),
			WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | BS_LEFT | BS_AUTOCHECKBOX,
			150, 70, 50, 26,
			hWnd, (HMENU)10, hInst, NULL
		);
		checkboxFish = CreateWindow(
			TEXT("button"), TEXT("鱼"),
			WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | BS_LEFT | BS_AUTOCHECKBOX,
			205, 70, 50, 26,
			hWnd, (HMENU)11, hInst, NULL
		);
		checkboxOther = CreateWindow(
			TEXT("button"), TEXT("其他"),
			WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | BS_LEFT | BS_AUTOCHECKBOX,
			260, 70, 65, 26,
			hWnd, (HMENU)11, hInst, NULL
		);
		SendMessage(labSex, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)hFont, NULL);
		SendMessage(radioMale, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)hFont, NULL);
		SendMessage(radioFemale, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)hFont, NULL);
		SendMessage(labMarriage, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)hFont, NULL);
		SendMessage(radioMarried, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)hFont, NULL);
		SendMessage(radioSingle, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)hFont, NULL);
		SendMessage(radioSecrecy, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)hFont, NULL);
		SendMessage(labPet, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)hFont, NULL);
		SendMessage(checkboxDog, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)hFont, NULL);
		SendMessage(checkboxCat, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)hFont, NULL);
		SendMessage(checkboxFish, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)hFont, NULL);
		SendMessage(checkboxOther, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)hFont, NULL);
		break;


	case WM_PAINT:		//窗口绘制消息
		hdc = BeginPaint(hWnd, &ps);    //开始绘图并返回环境句柄
		// TODO:  在此添加任意绘图代码...
		EndPaint(hWnd, &ps);       //结束绘图并释放环境句柄
		break;


	case WM_DESTROY:		//窗口销毁消息
		DeleteObject(hFont);	//删除创建的字体
		PostQuitMessage(0);
		break;
		
	default:
		return DefWindowProc(hWnd, message, wParam, lParam);
	}
	return 0;
}

运行结果:
在这里插入图片描述
分组框控件

使用分组框控件(GroupBox)可以对单选按钮、复选框进行更好的分组,如下图所示:

分组框控件也是一种特殊的按钮,它的样式为BS_GROUPBOX,例如:

#include <windows.h>

LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM);

HINSTANCE hInst;

int WINAPI WinMain(
	HINSTANCE hInstance,
	HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
	PSTR szCmdLine,
	int iCmdShow
) {
	static TCHAR szClassName[] = TEXT("Win32Demo");  //窗口类名
	HWND     hwnd;  //窗口句柄
	MSG      msg;  //消息
	WNDCLASS wndclass;  //窗口类

	hInst = hInstance;

	/**********第①步:注册窗口类**********/
	//为窗口类的各个字段赋值
	wndclass.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;  //窗口风格
	wndclass.lpfnWndProc = WndProc;  //窗口过程
	wndclass.cbClsExtra = 0;  //暂时不需要理解
	wndclass.cbWndExtra = 0;  //暂时不需要理解
	wndclass.hInstance = hInstance;  //当前窗口句柄
	wndclass.hIcon = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);  //窗口图标
	wndclass.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);  //鼠标样式
	wndclass.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)GetSysColorBrush(COLOR_BTNFACE);  //窗口背景画刷(灰色)
	wndclass.lpszMenuName = NULL;  //窗口菜单
	wndclass.lpszClassName = szClassName;  //窗口类名
	//注册窗口
	RegisterClass(&wndclass);

	/*****第②步:创建窗口(并让窗口显示出来)*****/
	hwnd = CreateWindow(
		szClassName,  //窗口名字
		TEXT("Welcome"),  //窗口标题(出现在标题栏)
		WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,  //窗口风格
		CW_USEDEFAULT,  //初始化时x轴的位置
		CW_USEDEFAULT,  //初始化时y轴的位置
		800,  //窗口宽度
		500,  //窗口高度
		NULL,  //父窗口句柄
		NULL,  //窗口菜单句柄
		hInstance,  //当前窗口的句柄
		NULL  //不使用该值
	);

	//显示窗口
	ShowWindow(hwnd, iCmdShow);
	//更新(绘制)窗口
	UpdateWindow(hwnd);

	/**********第③步:消息循环**********/
	while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0)) {
		TranslateMessage(&msg);  //翻译消息
		DispatchMessage(&msg);  //分派消息
	}

	return msg.wParam;
}

//窗口过程
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hWnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) {
	PAINTSTRUCT ps;
	HDC hdc;

	static HFONT hFont;  //逻辑字体

	//一组单选按钮--性别
	static HWND hGroupSex;  //GroupBox 控件
	static HWND hRadioMale;  //单选按钮--男
	static HWND hRadioFemale;  //单选按钮--女

	//一组单选按钮--婚姻状况
	static HWND hGroupMarriage;
	static HWND hRadioMarried;  //单选按钮--已婚
	static HWND hRadioSingle;  //单选按钮--未婚
	static HWND hRadioSecrecy;  //单选按钮--保密

	//一组复选框--宠物
	static HWND hGroupPet;
	static HWND hCheckboxDog;  //复选框--狗
	static HWND hCheckboxCat;  //复选框--猫
	static HWND hCheckboxFish;  //复选框--鱼
	static HWND hCheckboxOther;  //复选框--其他

	switch (message) {
	case  WM_CREATE:
		//创建字体
		hFont = CreateFont(
			-14, -7, 0, 0, 400,
			FALSE, FALSE, FALSE, DEFAULT_CHARSET,
			OUT_CHARACTER_PRECIS, CLIP_CHARACTER_PRECIS, DEFAULT_QUALITY,
			FF_DONTCARE, TEXT("微软雅黑")
		);

		//一组单选按钮--性别
		hGroupSex = CreateWindow(
			TEXT("button"), TEXT("你的性别"),
			WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | BS_GROUPBOX,
			20, 20, 300, 70,
			hWnd, (HMENU)1, hInst, NULL
		);
		hRadioMale = CreateWindow(
			TEXT("button"), TEXT("男"),
			WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | BS_LEFT | BS_AUTORADIOBUTTON /*单选按钮*/,
			15, 30, 50, 26,
			hGroupSex /*父窗口为 GroupBox 控件*/, (HMENU)2, hInst, NULL
		);
		hRadioFemale = CreateWindow(
			TEXT("button"), TEXT("女"),
			WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | BS_LEFT | BS_AUTORADIOBUTTON,
			80, 30, 50, 26,
			hGroupSex, (HMENU)3, hInst, NULL
		);

		//一组单选按钮--婚姻状况
		hGroupMarriage = CreateWindow(
			TEXT("button"), TEXT("婚姻状况"),
			WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | BS_GROUPBOX,
			20, 120, 300, 70,
			hWnd, (HMENU)4, hInst, NULL
		);
		hRadioMarried = CreateWindow(
			TEXT("button"), TEXT("已婚"),
			WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | BS_LEFT | BS_AUTORADIOBUTTON,
			15, 30, 50, 26,
			hGroupMarriage, (HMENU)5, hInst, NULL
		);
		hRadioSingle = CreateWindow(
			TEXT("button"), TEXT("未婚"),
			WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | BS_LEFT | BS_AUTORADIOBUTTON,
			80, 30, 50, 26,
			hGroupMarriage, (HMENU)6, hInst, NULL
		);
		hRadioSecrecy = CreateWindow(
			TEXT("button"), TEXT("保密"),
			WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | BS_LEFT | BS_AUTORADIOBUTTON,
			145, 30, 50, 26,
			hGroupMarriage, (HMENU)7, hInst, NULL
		);

		//一组复选框--宠物
		hGroupPet = CreateWindow(
			TEXT("button"), TEXT("你的宠物"),
			WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | BS_GROUPBOX,
			20, 220, 300, 70,
			hWnd, (HMENU)8, hInst, NULL
		);

		hCheckboxDog = CreateWindow(
			TEXT("button"), TEXT("狗"),
			WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | BS_LEFT | BS_AUTOCHECKBOX /*复选框*/,
			15, 30, 50, 26,
			hGroupPet, (HMENU)9, hInst, NULL
		);

		hCheckboxCat = CreateWindow(
			TEXT("button"), TEXT("猫"),
			WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | BS_LEFT | BS_AUTOCHECKBOX,
			80, 30, 50, 26,
			hGroupPet, (HMENU)10, hInst, NULL
		);

		hCheckboxFish = CreateWindow(
			TEXT("button"), TEXT("鱼"),
			WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | BS_LEFT | BS_AUTOCHECKBOX,
			145, 30, 50, 26,
			hGroupPet, (HMENU)11, hInst, NULL
		);
		hCheckboxOther = CreateWindow(
			TEXT("button"), TEXT("其他"),
			WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | BS_LEFT | BS_AUTOCHECKBOX,
			210, 30, 65, 26,
			hGroupPet, (HMENU)12, hInst, NULL
		);

		//依次设置控件字体
		SendMessage(hGroupSex, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)hFont, NULL);
		SendMessage(hRadioMale, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)hFont, NULL);
		SendMessage(hRadioFemale, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)hFont, NULL);

		SendMessage(hGroupMarriage, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)hFont, NULL);
		SendMessage(hRadioMarried, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)hFont, NULL);
		SendMessage(hRadioSingle, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)hFont, NULL);
		SendMessage(hRadioSecrecy, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)hFont, NULL);

		SendMessage(hGroupPet, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)hFont, NULL);
		SendMessage(hCheckboxDog, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)hFont, NULL);
		SendMessage(hCheckboxCat, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)hFont, NULL);
		SendMessage(hCheckboxFish, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)hFont, NULL);
		SendMessage(hCheckboxOther, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)hFont, NULL);

		break;

	case WM_PAINT:
		hdc = BeginPaint(hWnd, &ps);
		// TODO:  在此添加任意绘图代码...
		EndPaint(hWnd, &ps);
		break;

	case WM_DESTROY:
		PostQuitMessage(0);
		break;
	default:
		return DefWindowProc(hWnd, message, wParam, lParam);
	}
	return 0;
}

运行效果:
在这里插入图片描述
需要注意的是:单选按钮的父窗口为分组框控件 hGroupSex,而不是顶级窗口 hWnd。


评论
添加红包

请填写红包祝福语或标题

红包个数最小为10个

红包金额最低5元

当前余额3.43前往充值 >
需支付:10.00
成就一亿技术人!
领取后你会自动成为博主和红包主的粉丝 规则
hope_wisdom
发出的红包
实付
使用余额支付
点击重新获取
扫码支付
钱包余额 0

抵扣说明:

1.余额是钱包充值的虚拟货币,按照1:1的比例进行支付金额的抵扣。
2.余额无法直接购买下载,可以购买VIP、付费专栏及课程。

余额充值