SQL Injection Attacks
Structured Query Language (SQL) is now so commonly used to manage and direct information on applications that hackers have come up with ways to slip their own SQL commands into the database. These commands may change, steal or delete data, and they may also allow the hacker access to the root system. SQL (officially pronounced ess-cue-el, but commonly pronounced “sequel”) stands for structured query language; it’s a programming language used to communicate with databases. Many of the servers that store critical data for websites and services use SQL to manage the data in their databases.
An SQL injection attack specifically targets this kind of server, using malicious code to get the server to divulge information it normally wouldn’t. This is especially problematic if the server stores private customer information from the website or web application, such as credit card numbers, usernames and passwords (credentials), or other personally identifiable information, which are tempting and lucrative targets for an attacker.
Successful SQL injection attacks typically occur because a vulnerable application doesn’t properly sanitize inputs provided by the user, by not stripping out anything that appears to be SQL code. For example, if an application is vulnerable to an injection attack, it may be possible for an attacker to go to a website’s search box and type in code that would instruct the site’s SQL server to dump all of its stored usernames and passwords for the site.
Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)
In an SQL injection attack, an attacker goes after a vulnerable website to target its stored data, such as user credentials or sensitive financial data. But if the attacker would rather directly target a website’s users, they may opt for a cross-site scripting attack. Similar to an SQL injection attack, this attack also involves injecting malicious code into a website or web-based app. However, in this case the malicious code the attacker has injected only runs in the user’s browser when they visit the attacked website, and it goes after the visitor directly.
One of the most common ways an attacker can deploy a cross-site scripting attack is by injecting malicious code into an input field that would be automatically run when other visitors view the infected page. For example, they could embed a link to a malicious JavaScript in a comment on a blog.
Cross-site scripting attacks can significantly damage a web company’s reputation by placing the users’ information at risk without any indication that anything malicious even occurred. Any sensitive information a user sends to the site or the application—such as their credentials, credit card information, or other private data—can be hijacked via cross-site scripting without the owners realizing there was even a problem in the first place.
Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF)
A Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) attack is when a victim is forced to perform an unintended action on a web application they are logged into. The web application will have already deemed the victim and their browser trustworthy, and so executes an action intended by the hacker when the victim is tricked into submitting a malicious request to the application. This has been used for everything from harmless pranks on users to illicit money transfers.
One way website owners can help cut down on their chance of attack is to have advanced validation techniques in place for anyone who may visit pages on their site or app, especially when it comes to social media or community sites. This will enable them to identify the user’s browser and session to verify their authenticity.
While there are a variety of ways a hacker may infiltrate an application due to web application vulnerabilities, there are also a variety of ways to defend against it. There are web application security testing tools specially designed to monitor even the most public of applications. Using these scanners reduce your chances of being the victim of a hack by showing you exactly where to make the changes needed for more secure applications.
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