- 消息确认机制
RabbitMQ提供了transaction、confirm两种消息确认机制。transaction即事务机制,手动提交和回滚;confirm机制提供了Confirmlistener和waitForConfirms两种方式。confirm机制效率明显会高于transaction机制,但后者的优势在于强一致性。如果没有特别的要求,建议使用conrim机制。
1、从实验来看,消息的确认机制只是确认publisher发送消息到broker,由broker进行应答,不能确认消息是否有效消费。
2、而为了确认消息是否被发送给queue,应该在发送消息中启用参数mandatory=true,使用ReturnListener接收未被发送成功的消息。
3、接下来就需要确认消息是否被有效消费。publisher端目前并没有提供监听事件,但提供了应答机制来保证消息被成功消费,应答方式:
basicAck:成功消费,消息从队列中删除
basicNack:requeue=true,消息重新进入队列,false被删除
basicReject:等同于basicNack
basicRecover:消息重入队列,requeue=true,发送给新的consumer,false发送给相同的consumer
- 应答模式之transaction机制
需要手动提交和回滚,执行txCommit,消息才会转发给队列进入ready状态;执行txRollback,消息被取消
Java代码
- package com.demo.mq.rabbitmq.example11;
- import java.io.IOException;
- import java.io.Serializable;
- import org.apache.commons.lang3.SerializationUtils;
- import com.demo.mq.rabbitmq.MqManager;
- import com.rabbitmq.client.AMQP;
- import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
- import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
- import com.rabbitmq.client.DefaultConsumer;
- import com.rabbitmq.client.Envelope;
- /**
- * 应答模式之transaction机制
- * @author sheungxin
- *
- */
- public class TxDemo {
- private static String exchange_name="";
- private static String queue_name="tx_queue";
- /**
- * transaction机制发送消息,事务机制:手动提交和回滚
- * 执行txCommit,消息才会转发给队列进入ready状态
- * 执行txRollback,消息被取消
- * @param mes
- * @throws Exception
- */
- public static void txSend(Serializable mes) throws Exception{
- Connection conn=MqManager.newConnection();
- Channel channel=conn.createChannel();
- //开启transaction机制
- channel.txSelect();
- channel.queueDeclare(queue_name,false,false,true,null);
- for(int i=0;i<10;i++){
- try{
- channel.basicPublish(exchange_name, queue_name, null, SerializationUtils.serialize(mes.toString()+i));
- //do something
- // int n=5/0;//试验消息回滚
- channel.txCommit();//提交消息
- System.out.println("发布消息"+mes.toString()+i);
- }catch(Exception e){
- channel.txRollback();//异常,取消消息
- System.out.println("回滚消息"+mes.toString()+i);
- }
- }
- }
- /**
- * transaction机制接收消息,事务机制:手动提交和回滚
- * 消费者需要执行basicAck,并txCommit(自动应答模式自动处理,本例中采用手动应答模式)
- * @throws Exception
- */
- public static void txRecv() throws Exception{
- Connection conn=MqManager.newConnection();
- Channel channel=conn.createChannel();
- //开启transaction机制
- channel.txSelect();
- channel.queueDeclare(queue_name,false,false,true,null);
- //关闭自动应答模式(自动应答模式不需要ack、txCommit),需要手动basicAck,并执行txCommit
- channel.basicConsume(queue_name, false, new DefaultConsumer(channel){
- @Override
- public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag,Envelope envelope,AMQP.BasicProperties properties,byte[] body) throws IOException{
- String mes=SerializationUtils.deserialize(body);
- System.out.println("tx Received :'"+mes+"' done");
- channel.basicAck(envelope.getDeliveryTag(), false);
- channel.txCommit();
- }
- });
- }
- public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
- txSend("hello world!");
- txRecv();
- }
- }
- 应答模式之confirm机制
1、确认publisher发送消息到broker,由broker进行应答(不能确认是否被有效消费)
2、confirmSelect,进入confirm消息确认模式,确认方式:1、异步ConfirmListener;2、同步waitForConfirms
3、ConfirmListener、waitForConfirms均需要配合confirm机制使用
4、暂时未弄明白confirm机制在consumer的应用,ConfirmListener在consumer中无效
5、basicNack、basicReject:参数requeue=true时,消息会重新进入队列
6、autoDelete队列在消费者关闭后不管是否还有未处理的消息都会关闭掉
Java代码
- package com.demo.mq.rabbitmq.example11;
- import java.io.IOException;
- import java.io.Serializable;
- import org.apache.commons.lang3.SerializationUtils;
- import com.demo.mq.rabbitmq.MqManager;
- import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
- import com.rabbitmq.client.ConfirmListener;
- import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
- /**
- * 应答模式之confirm机制:消息发送
- * @author sheungxin
- *
- */
- public class ConfirmSend {
- private static String exchange_name="";
- private static String queue_name="tx_queue";
- /**
- * confirm机制:确认publisher发送消息到broker,由broker进行应答(不能确认是否被有效消费)
- * confirmSelect,进入confirm消息确认模式,确认方式:1、异步ConfirmListener;2、同步waitForConfirms
- * ConfirmListener、waitForConfirms均需要配合confirm机制使用
- * @param mes
- * @throws Exception
- */
- public static void txSend(Serializable mes) throws Exception{
- Connection conn=MqManager.newConnection();
- Channel channel=conn.createChannel();
- //开启transaction机制
- channel.confirmSelect();
- channel.queueDeclare(queue_name,false,false,true,null);
- //异步实现发送消息的确认(此部分的消息确认是指发送消息到队列,并非确认消息的有效消费)
- channel.addConfirmListener(new ConfirmListener() {
- @Override
- public void handleNack(long deliveryTag, boolean multiple)
- throws IOException {
- //multiple:测试发现multiple随机true或false,原因未知
- System.out.println("Nack deliveryTag:"+deliveryTag+",multiple:"+multiple);
- }
- @Override
- public void handleAck(long deliveryTag, boolean multiple)
- throws IOException {
- System.out.println("Ack deliveryTag:"+deliveryTag+",multiple:"+multiple);
- }
- });
- for(int i=0;i<10;i++){
- channel.basicPublish(exchange_name, queue_name, null, SerializationUtils.serialize(mes.toString()+i));
- }
- // channel.waitForConfirms();//同步实现发送消息的确认
- System.out.println("-----------");
- channel.close();
- conn.close();
- }
- public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
- txSend("hello world!");
- }
- }
Java代码
- package com.demo.mq.rabbitmq.example11;
- import java.io.IOException;
- import org.apache.commons.lang3.SerializationUtils;
- import com.demo.mq.rabbitmq.MqManager;
- import com.rabbitmq.client.AMQP;
- import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
- import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
- import com.rabbitmq.client.DefaultConsumer;
- import com.rabbitmq.client.Envelope;
- /**
- * 应答模式之confirm机制:消息接收
- * @author sheungxin
- *
- */
- public class ConfirmRecv {
- private static String queue_name="tx_queue";
- /**
- * confirm机制:暂时未弄明白confirm机制在consumer的应用,ConfirmListener在consumer中无效
- * basicNack、basicReject:参数requeue=true时,消息会重新进入队列
- * autoDelete队列在消费者关闭后不管是否还有未处理的消息都会关闭掉
- * @throws Exception
- */
- public static void txRecv() throws Exception{
- Connection conn=MqManager.newConnection();
- Channel channel=conn.createChannel();
- //开启transaction机制
- // channel.confirmSelect();
- //autoDelete,true只要被消息
- channel.queueDeclare(queue_name,false,false,true,null);
- //关闭自动应答模式
- channel.basicConsume(queue_name, false, new DefaultConsumer(channel){
- @Override
- public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag,Envelope envelope,AMQP.BasicProperties properties,byte[] body) throws IOException{
- String mes=SerializationUtils.deserialize(body);
- //multiple批量提交,true提交小于参数中tag消息
- long n=envelope.getDeliveryTag()%3;
- if(n==0){
- channel.basicAck(envelope.getDeliveryTag(), false);
- }else if(n==1){
- //requeue,true重新进入队列
- channel.basicNack(envelope.getDeliveryTag(), false, true);
- }else{
- //requeue,true重新进入队列,与basicNack差异缺少multiple参数
- channel.basicReject(envelope.getDeliveryTag(), true);
- }
- try {
- Thread.sleep(2*1000);
- } catch (InterruptedException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- System.out.println((n==0?"Ack":n==1?"Nack":"Reject")+" mes :'"+mes+"' done");
- }
- });
- }
- public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
- txRecv();
- }
- }