JDBC手动获取数据库连接的几种方式

方式一

    @Test
    public void testConnectionTest1() throws Exception {
        //获取驱动
        Driver driver = new com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver();
        //获取配置信息
        String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test";
        Properties info = new Properties();
        info.setProperty("user", "root");
        info.setProperty("password", "root");
        //获取连接
        Connection connection = driver.connect(url, info);
        System.out.println(connection);
    }

~缺点: 对外暴露过多,属于硬编码,移植性差

方式二

public void testConnectionTest2() throws Exception {
        //利用反射获取需要的类
        Class clazz = Class.forName("com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver");
        //获取驱动
        Driver driver = (Driver)clazz.newInstance();
        //获取配置信息
        String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test";
        Properties properties = new Properties();
        properties.setProperty("user", "root");
        properties.setProperty("password", "root");
        //获取连接
        Connection connection = driver.connect(url, properties);
        System.out.println(connection);

    }

~优点:利用反射机制,将com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver的字符串以参数形式传入方法,移植性好

方式三

@Test
    public void testConnectionTest3() throws Exception {
        //利用反射获取需要的类
        Class clazz = Class.forName("com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver");
        //使用DriverManager(类)替代Driver
        Driver driver = (Driver)clazz.newInstance();
        //注册驱动
        DriverManager.registerDriver(driver);
        //获取配置信息
        String user = "root";
        String password = "root";
        String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test";
        //获取连接
        Connection connection = DriverManager.getConnection(url,user,password
        );
        System.out.println(connection);
    }

~变化:使用DriverManager代替Driver

方式四

  @Test
    public void testConnectionTest4() throws Exception {
        //利用反射获取需要的类
        Class clazz = Class.forName("com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver");
        //获取配置信息
        String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test";
        String user = "root";
        String password = "root";
        //获取连接
        Connection connection = DriverManager.getConnection(url,user,password);
        System.out.println(connection);
    }

~说明: 此代码并没有注册驱动,原因是在加载com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver的时候,Driver’的静态方法(静态方法随着类的加载而加载)自动注册了驱动,所以我们可以省略注册驱动的步骤

方式五

@Test
    public void testConnectionTest5() throws Exception {
        //获取配置信息
        String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test";
        String user = "root";
        String password = "root";
        //获取连接
        Connection connection = DriverManager.getConnection(url,user,password);
        System.out.println(connection);
    }

~说明: 省略了加载类的过程,原因是驱动的jar包自动加载了该类,不推荐使用,因为不具有通用性(mysql可以使用)

推荐方式

 @Test
    public void testConnectionTestFinal() throws Exception{
        //.读取配置文件4个基本信息
        InputStream inputStream = JdbcTest.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("jdbc.properties");
        Properties properties = new Properties();
        properties.load(inputStream);
        String user = properties.getProperty("user");
        String password = properties.getProperty("password");
        String url = properties.getProperty("url");
        String driverClass = properties.getProperty("driverClass");
        //加载类
        Class.forName(driverClass);
        //获取连接
        Connection connection = DriverManager.getConnection(url,user,password);
        System.out.println(connection);
    }
}

~说明: 将所需要的配置信息写到配置文件种,实现数据和代码的分离,解耦,推荐使用