NSOperation的作用
配合使用NSOperation和NSOperationQueue也能实现多线程编程
1、NSOperation和NSOperationQueue实现多线程的具体步骤
2、先将需要执行的操作封装到一个NSOperation对象中
3、然后将NSOperation对象添加到NSOperationQueue中
4、系统会自动将NSOperationQueue中的NSOperation取出来
5、将取出的NSOperation封装的操作放到一条新线程中执行
NSOperation是个抽象类,并不具备封装操作的能力,必须使用它的子类
1、使用NSOperation子类的方式有3种
2、NSInvocationOperation
3、NSBlockOperation
4、自定义子类继承NSOperation,实现内部相应的方法
下面是DEMO
@interface CZViewController ()
/** NSOperation操作队列 */
@property (nonatomic, strong) NSOperationQueue *queue;
@end
@implementation CZViewController
// 将操作添加到队列即可
- (NSOperationQueue *)queue
{
if (!_queue) _queue = [[NSOperationQueue alloc] init];
return _queue;
}
- (void)touchesBegan:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event
{
[self opDemo6];
}
/** 暂停操作 */
- (IBAction)pause
{
// 1. 判断队列中是否有操作
if (self.queue.operationCount == 0) {
NSLog(@"没有操作");
return;
}
// 2. 如果没有被挂起(正在执行),才需要暂停
// 只会挂起当前队列中还没有被调度(没有被安排到线程上工作的操作)才会被挂起
if (!self.queue.isSuspended) {
NSLog(@"暂停");
[self.queue setSuspended:YES];
} else {
NSLog(@"已经暂停");
}
}
/** 继续操作 */
- (IBAction)resume
{
// 1. 判断队列中是否有操作
if (self.queue.operationCount == 0) {
NSLog(@"没有操作");
return;
}
// 2. 如果有被挂起的操作,才需要继续(恢复)
if (self.queue.isSuspended) {
NSLog(@"继续");
[self.queue setSuspended:NO];
} else {
NSLog(@"正在执行");
}
}
#pragma mark - NSOperation演练
/** 操作之间的依赖 */
- (void)opDemo6
{
NSBlockOperation *op1 = [NSBlockOperation blockOperationWithBlock:^{
NSLog(@"正在下载图书 。。。 %@", [NSThread currentThread]);
}];
NSBlockOperation *op2 = [NSBlockOperation blockOperationWithBlock:^{
NSLog(@"正在解压缩图书 。。。 %@", [NSThread currentThread]);
}];
NSBlockOperation *op3 = [NSBlockOperation blockOperationWithBlock:^{
NSLog(@"正在保存到磁盘 。。。 %@", [NSThread currentThread]);
}];
NSBlockOperation *op4 = [NSBlockOperation blockOperationWithBlock:^{
NSLog(@"更新书架(UI),提示用户可以阅读 。。。 %@", [NSThread currentThread]);
}];
// 指定操作之间的”依赖“关系,某一个操作的执行,必须等待另一个操作完成才会开始
// 依赖关系是可以跨队列指定的
[op2 addDependency:op1];
[op3 addDependency:op2];
[op4 addDependency:op3];
// *** 添加依赖的时候,注意不要出现循环依赖
// [op3 addDependency:op4];
[self.queue addOperation:op1];
[self.queue addOperation:op2];
[self.queue addOperation:op3];
// 主队列更新UI
[[NSOperationQueue mainQueue] addOperation:op4];
}
/** 最大并发数 */
- (void)opDemo5
{
// 设置队列的最大并发数,队列是负责调度操作的
/**
最大并发数的应用场景:
1> 用户在使用3G的时候 限制线程的数量,省电,省流量(省钱)
2> 用户使用WIFI的时候(局域网) 增加线程数量,提高用户的体验
maxConcurrentOperationCount 如果== 1,类似于串行队列异步方法
*/
self.queue.maxConcurrentOperationCount = 1;
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
[self.queue addOperationWithBlock:^{
// 模拟休眠
[NSThread sleepForTimeInterval:1.0f];
NSLog(@"正在下载 %@ %d", [NSThread currentThread], i);
}];
}
}
/** Block操作,添加执行块 */
- (void)opDemo4
{
// 实例化block操作
NSBlockOperation *op = [[NSBlockOperation alloc] init];
// 设置最大并发(操作)数,不会限制执行块!
self.queue.maxConcurrentOperationCount = 2;
// 添加执行块
[op addExecutionBlock:^{
NSLog(@"下载书籍1 %@", [NSThread currentThread]);
}];
// 继续添加块
[op addExecutionBlock:^{
NSLog(@"下载书籍2 %@", [NSThread currentThread]);
}];
// 继续添加块
[op addExecutionBlock:^{
NSLog(@"下载书籍3 %@", [NSThread currentThread]);
}];
// 继续添加块
[op addExecutionBlock:^{
NSLog(@"下载书籍4 %@", [NSThread currentThread]);
}];
// 继续添加块
[op addExecutionBlock:^{
NSLog(@"下载书籍5 %@", [NSThread currentThread]);
}];
// 启动操作,在主线程执行
// 如果执行块的数量超过1,就会自动进入其他线程执行(异步)
// 具体开启线程的数量,由系统决定
// 执行块的调度与操作的调度非常像
// [op start];
[self.queue addOperation:op];
}
/** 直接添加块操作 */
- (void)opDemo3
{
// 只要将操作添加到队列就会立即被调度(执行)
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
[self.queue addOperationWithBlock:^{
NSLog(@"下载开始 %@ - %@", [NSThread currentThread], @(i));
}];
}
// 向主队列中添加操作
[[NSOperationQueue mainQueue] addOperationWithBlock:^{
NSLog(@"下载开始 %@ - %@", [NSThread currentThread], nil);
}];
}
/** NSBlockOperation */
- (void)opDemo2
{
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
// 指定一个块操作
NSBlockOperation *op1 = [NSBlockOperation blockOperationWithBlock:^{
NSLog(@"下载开始 %@ - %@", [NSThread currentThread], @(i));
}];
// 将块操作添加到队列
[self.queue addOperation:op1];
}
}
#pragma mark Invocation的调度方法
- (void)download:(id)obj
{
NSLog(@"下载开始 %@ - %@", [NSThread currentThread], obj);
}
/** NSInvocationOperation */
- (void)opDemo1
{
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
NSInvocationOperation *op1 = [[NSInvocationOperation alloc] initWithTarget:self selector:@selector(download:) object:@(i)];
// 如果直接启动,会在主线程执行
// [op1 start];
// 添加到队列,就会新建线程,异步执行
[self.queue addOperation:op1];
}
}
@end
//头文件
@interface NSOperation : NSObject {
- (id)init; // designated initializer
//开始任务
- (void)start;
- (void)main;
//任务是否取消
- (BOOL)isCancelled;
- (void)cancel;
//是否正在执行
- (BOOL)isExecuting;
//是否完成执行
- (BOOL)isFinished;
- (BOOL)isConcurrent;
- (BOOL)isReady;
//队列之间的依赖操作使用的方法
- (void)addDependency:(NSOperation *)op;
- (void)removeDependency:(NSOperation *)op;
//队列组依赖
- (NSArray *)dependencies;
//队列优先级
- (NSOperationQueuePriority)queuePriority;
- (void)setQueuePriority:(NSOperationQueuePriority)p;
#if NS_BLOCKS_AVAILABLE
- (void (^)(void))completionBlock NS_AVAILABLE(10_6, 4_0);
- (void)setCompletionBlock:(void (^)(void))block NS_AVAILABLE(10_6, 4_0);
#endif
//等待直到完成
- (void)waitUntilFinished NS_AVAILABLE(10_6, 4_0);
- (double)threadPriority NS_AVAILABLE(10_6, 4_0);
- (void)setThreadPriority:(double)p NS_AVAILABLE(10_6, 4_0);
@end
NS_CLASS_AVAILABLE(10_6, 4_0)
@interface NSBlockOperation : NSOperation {
@private
id _private2;
void *_reserved2;
}
#if NS_BLOCKS_AVAILABLE
+ (id)blockOperationWithBlock:(void (^)(void))block;
- (void)addExecutionBlock:(void (^)(void))block;
- (NSArray *)executionBlocks;
#endif
@end
- (id)initWithTarget:(id)target selector:(SEL)sel object:(id)arg;
- (id)initWithInvocation:(NSInvocation *)inv; // designated initializer
- (NSInvocation *)invocation;
- (id)result;
@end
FOUNDATION_EXPORT NSString * const NSInvocationOperationVoidResultException NS_AVAILABLE(10_5, 2_0);
FOUNDATION_EXPORT NSString * const NSInvocationOperationCancelledException NS_AVAILABLE(10_5, 2_0);
N
- (void)addOperation:(NSOperation *)op;
- (void)addOperations:(NSArray *)ops waitUntilFinished:(BOOL)wait NS_AVAILABLE(10_6, 4_0);
#if NS_BLOCKS_AVAILABLE
- (void)addOperationWithBlock:(void (^)(void))block NS_AVAILABLE(10_6, 4_0);
#endif
//队列组
- (NSArray *)operations;
- (NSUInteger)operationCount NS_AVAILABLE(10_6, 4_0);
//最大并发数
- (NSInteger)maxConcurrentOperationCount;
- (void)setMaxConcurrentOperationCount:(NSInteger)cnt;
enum {
NSOperationQueueDefaultMaxConcurrentOperationCount = -1
};
//设置暂停
- (void)setSuspended:(BOOL)b;
- (BOOL)isSuspended;
//设置名字
- (void)setName:(NSString *)n NS_AVAILABLE(10_6, 4_0);
- (NSString *)name NS_AVAILABLE(10_6, 4_0);
//取消所有人去
- (void)cancelAllOperations;
//等待所有任务完成
- (void)waitUntilAllOperationsAreFinished;
//当前队列
+ (id)currentQueue NS_AVAILABLE(10_6, 4_0);
//主队列
+ (id)mainQueue NS_AVAILABLE(10_6, 4_0);
@end