如何用 SQL Tuning&nbsp…

 

 

在Oracle10g之前，优化SQL是个比较费力的技术活，不停的分析执行计划，加hint，分析统计信息等等。在10g中，Oracle推出了自己的SQL优化辅助工具: SQL优化器(SQL Tuning Advisor ：STA)，它是新的DBMS_SQLTUNE包。使用STA一定要保证优化器是CBO模式下。

执行DBMS_SQLTUNE包进行sql优化需要有advisor的权限：

SQL> create user dave identified by dave;

用户已创建。

SQL> grant connect,resource to dave;

授权成功。

SQL> grant advisor to dave;

授权成功。

 

下面简单介绍一下如何优化一条找到的问题语句。

 

create table bigtab as select rownum as "id",a.* from sys.all_objects a;

create table smalltab as select rownum as "id", a.* FROM sys.all_tables a;

然后多运行几次下面的脚本，增加表里的数据：

insert into bigtab select rownum as "id",a.* from sys.all_objects a;

insert into smalltab  select rownum as "id", a.* FROM sys.all_tables a;

这里创建一张大表和一张小表，并且都没有索引，下面执行一个查询：

SQL> set timing on

SQL> set autot on

SQL> select count(*) from bigtab a, smalltab b where a.object_name=b.table_name;

  COUNT(*)

----------

   2141537

已用时间:  00: 00: 20.05

执行计划

----------------------------------------------------------

Plan hash value: 3089226980

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

| Id  | Operation           | Name     | Rows  | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time     |

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT    |          |     1 |    45 |  3146   (1)| 00:00:38 |

|   1 |  SORT AGGREGATE     |          |     1 |    45 |            |          |

|*  2 |   HASH JOIN         |          |   447K|    19M|  3146   (1)| 00:00:38 |

|   3 |    TABLE ACCESS FULL| SMALLTAB | 27327 |   533K|   264   (1)| 00:00:04 |

|   4 |    TABLE ACCESS FULL| BIGTAB   |   712K|    16M|  2878   (1)| 00:00:35 |

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Predicate Information (identified by operation id):

---------------------------------------------------

   2 - access("A"."OBJECT_NAME"="B"."TABLE_NAME")

统计信息

----------------------------------------------------------

          0  recursive calls

          0  db block gets

      31149  consistent gets

      21058  physical reads

          0  redo size

        426  bytes sent via SQL*Net to client

        416  bytes received via SQL*Net from client

          2  SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client

          0  sorts (memory)

          0  sorts (disk)

          1  rows processed

 

第一步：创建优化任务

通过调用函数CREATE_TUNING_TASK来创建优化任务，调用存储过程EXECUTE_TUNING_TASK执行该任务：

SQL> set autot off

SQL> set timing off

SQL> DECLARE

  2    my_task_name VARCHAR2(30);

  3    my_sqltext   CLOB;

  4  BEGIN

  5    my_sqltext := 'select count(*) from bigtab a, smalltab b where a.object_name=b.table_name';

  6    my_task_name := DBMS_SQLTUNE.CREATE_TUNING_TASK(

  7            sql_text    => my_sqltext,

  8            user_name   => 'DAVE',   -- 注意是大写，不然会报错，用户无效

  9            scope       => 'COMPREHENSIVE',

10            time_limit  => 60,

11            task_name   => 'tuning_sql_test',

12            description => 'Task to tune a query on a specified table');

13

14    DBMS_SQLTUNE.EXECUTE_TUNING_TASK( task_name => 'tuning_sql_test');

15  END;

16  /

 

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

在函数CREATE_TUNING_TASK，sql_text是需要优化的语句，user_name是该语句通过哪个用户执行，scope是优化范围（limited或comprehensive），time_limit优化过程的时间限制，task_name优化任务名称，description优化任务描述。

第二步： 执行优化任务

通过调用dbms_sqltune.execute_tuning_task过程来执行前面创建好的优化任务。

SQL> exec dbms_sqltune.execute_tuning_task('tuning_sql_test');

PL/SQL 过程已成功完成。

第三步：检查优化任务的状态

通过查看user_advisor_tasks/dba_advisor_tasks视图可以查看优化任务的当前状态。

SQL> SELECT task_name,status FROM USER_ADVISOR_TASKS WHERE task_name ='tuning_sql_test';

TASK_NAME         STATUS

------------------------------ -----------

tuning_sql_test         COMPLETED

第四步：查看优化结果

通过dbms_sqltune.report_tning_task函数可以获得优化任务的结果。

SQL> SET LONG 999999

SQL> set serveroutput on size 999999

SQL> SET LINESIZE 100

SQL> SELECT DBMS_SQLTUNE.REPORT_TUNING_TASK( 'tuning_sql_test') from DUAL;
 

DBMS_SQLTUNE.REPORT_TUNING_TASK('TUNING_SQL_TEST')

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

GENERAL INFORMATION SECTION

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Tuning Task Name                  : tuning_sql_test

Tuning Task Owner                 : DEMO

Scope                             : COMPREHENSIVE

Time Limit(seconds)               : 60

Completion Status                 : COMPLETED

Started at                        : 5/28/2010 13:16:43

Completed at                      : 5/28/2010 13:16:44

Number of Index Findings          : 1

 

Schema Name: DEMO

SQL ID     : 6p64dnnsqf9pm

SQL Text   : select count(*) from bigtab a, smalltab b where

             a.object_name=b.table_name

 

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

FINDINGS SECTION (1 finding)

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 

1- Index Finding (see explain plans section below)

 

  The execution plan of this statement can be improved by creating one or more

  indices.

 

  Recommendation (estimated benefit: 100%)

  ----------------------------------------

  - Consider running the Access Advisor to improve the physical schema design

    or creating the recommended index.

    create index DEMO.IDX$$_06C50001 on SYS.SMALLTAB('TABLE_NAME');

 

  - Consider running the Access Advisor to improve the physical schema design

    or creating the recommended index.

    create index DEMO.IDX$$_06C50002 on SYS.BIGTAB('OBJECT_NAME');

 

  Rationale

  ---------

    Creating the recommended indices significantly improves the execution plan

    of this statement. However, it might be preferable to run "Access Advisor"

    using a representative SQL workload as opposed to a single statement. This

    will allow to get comprehensive index recommendations which takes into

    account index maintenance overhead and additional space consumption.

 

 

EXPLAIN PLANS SECTION

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1- Original

-----------

Plan hash value: 3089226980

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

| Id  | Operation           | Name     | Rows  | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time     |

 

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT    |          |     1 |    36 |  3550   (2)| 00:00:43 |

|   1 |  SORT AGGREGATE     |          |     1 |    36 |            |          |

|*  2 |   HASH JOIN         |          |   155K|  5462K|  3550   (2)| 00:00:43 |

|   3 |    TABLE ACCESS FULL| SMALLTAB |  1223 | 22014 |    11   (0)| 00:00:01 |

|   4 |    TABLE ACCESS FULL| BIGTAB   |  1205K|    20M|  3526   (1)| 00:00:43 |

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Predicate Information (identified by operation id):

---------------------------------------------------

   2 - access("A"."OBJECT_NAME"="B"."TABLE_NAME")

2- Using New Indices

--------------------

Plan hash value: 494801882

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

| Id  | Operation              | Name           | Rows  | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time     |

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT       |                |     1 |    36 |  1108   (3)| 00:00:14 |

|   1 |  SORT AGGREGATE        |                |     1 |    36 |            |        |

|*  2 |   HASH JOIN            |                |   155K|  5462K|  1108   (3)| 00:00:14 |

|   3 |    INDEX FAST FULL SCAN| IDX$$_06C50001 |  1223 | 22014 |     3   (0)| 00:00:01 |

|   4 |    INDEX FAST FULL SCAN| IDX$$_06C50002 |  1205K|    20M|  1093   (2)| 00:00:14 |

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Predicate Information (identified by operation id):

---------------------------------------------------

   2 - access("A"."OBJECT_NAME"="B"."TABLE_NAME")

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

看一下这个优化建议报告：

第一部分是关于这次优化任务的基本信息：如任务名称、执行时间、范围、涉及到的语句等等。

第二部分是关于这次优化任务的所找到的问题以及给出的优化建议。前面先给出了问题描述：可以通过建立更多的所引来提高性能；然后是建议的具体内容：在表smalltab的字段table_name上创建索引，在表bigtab的字段object_name上创建索引；最后是相关注意事项：此次优化虽然给出了创建索引的建议，但是最好通过SQL访问建议器(SQL Access Advisor SAA)结合整个数据库的工作量来深入分析，那样就能给出考虑了索引维护和空间消耗等因素的更加合理的建议。

最后，报告还给出了原有的查询计划，以及采用优化建议以后的查询计划的对比。可以看出COST值大大下降。

 

五、删除优化任务

通过调用dbms_sqltuen.drop_tuning_task可以删除已经存在的优化任务

SQL>exec dbms_sqltune.drop_tuning_task('tuning_sql_test');
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

 

 

附：

DECLARE
      task_0630 VARCHAR2(30);
      my_sqltext CLOB;
    BEGIN
      my_sqltext := 'insert into cst_std_cost_adj_temp
  (transaction_type,
   source_type,
   organization_id,
   wip_entity_id,
   operation_seq_num,
   department_id,
   resource_id,
   resource_seq_num,
   adjustment_quantity,
   standard_rate_flag,
   applied_resource_value,
   basis_type)
  select 6,
         1,
         WOR.organization_id,
         WOR.wip_entity_id,
         WOR.operation_seq_num,
         WO.department_id,
         WOR.resource_id,
         WOR.resource_seq_num,
         WOR.applied_resource_units,
         WOR.standard_rate_flag,
         WOR.applied_resource_value,
         WOR.basis_type
    from wip_operation_resources WOR,
         wip_operations          WO,
         wip_accounting_classes  WAC,
         wip_discrete_jobs       WDJ
   where (((((((((((WDJ.organization_id = :b0 and WDJ.status_type between 3 and 7) and
         WAC.organization_id = WDJ.organization_id) and
         WAC.class_code = WDJ.class_code) and
         WAC.class_type in (1, 3, 5)) and
         WO.organization_id = WDJ.organization_id) and
         WO.wip_entity_id = WDJ.wip_entity_id) and
         WOR.wip_entity_id = WO.wip_entity_id) and
         WOR.operation_seq_num = WO.operation_seq_num) and
         WOR.organization_id = WO.organization_id) and
         (WOR.applied_resource_units <> 0 or
         NVL(WOR.relieved_res_units, 0) <> 0)) and
         (((WOR.resource_id in
         (select resource_id from cst_resource_costs_temp) and
         WOR.standard_rate_flag = 1) or
         WOR.resource_id in
         (select resource_id from cst_resource_overheads_temp)) or
         WO.department_id in
         (select department_id from cst_dept_overheads_temp)))';
   
      task_0630 := DBMS_SQLTUNE.CREATE_TUNING_TASK(
                             sql_text => my_sqltext,
                             user_name => 'APPS',
                             scope => 'COMPREHENSIVE',
                             time_limit => 900,
                             task_name => 'test_sql_tuning_task1',
                             description => 'Task to tune a query');
     DBMS_SQLTUNE.EXECUTE_TUNING_TASK(task_name => 'test_sql_tuning_task1');
  END;

SELECT task_name,status FROM USER_ADVISOR_TASKS WHERE task_name ='test_sql_tuning_task1';

 

SELECT DBMS_SQLTUNE.REPORT_TUNING_TASK( 'test_sql_tuning_task1') from DUAL;

begin
 dbms_sqltune.drop_tuning_task('test_sql_tuning_task1');
 end;